Lesson 143&144 A walk through the woods林中散步被动语态

Hundreds of people	come from the city	to see our town and to walk	through the woods
主语	谓语 + ^(前)宾语	不定式^{(目的状语)}	动词短语^(后宾语)

to do 这里不可以做谓语了^{(已经非动词了)}，To do 是目的^{（即目的状语）}

Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.

have been done 已经被^{(现在完成时被动语)}

keep sth. + adj. ^保持…
keep the classroom clean and tidy. ^{保持教室干静整洁}

Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere.

What I saw made me very sad. = I saw what made me very sad.

What I saw	made	me	very sad.
主语	谓语	宾语	宾语补足语

特殊疑问句	陈述句
What did you hear?	What I heard made me very angry. ^{我所听到的一切，使我很愤怒。}
What did he?	What he did made me very happy.^{他所做的一切，使我很开心。}
What did he study?	What he studied made him very intelligent. ^{他所学到的一切，使他很智慧。}
What did you see?	What you saw made me very sad. ^{你所看到的让我非常难过。}

名言名句

Histories make man wise. 读史使人明智
Poems make man witty. 诗歌使人机智。
The maths makes man subtle. 数学使人严谨。
Natural philosophy makes man deep.自然哲学使人深刻。
Moral makes man grave.道德使人庄重。
English makes me sad. -> English made me sad.

The litter basket was empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends,…

The litter basket was empty	the ground was covered with pieces of paper,	cigarette ends,...
主系表	被覆盖^{(被动语态)}	烟头

I found a sign which said, “... ” ^{我发现一个牌子，上面写着…}

主句	关系词	定语从句（嵌套一个宾语从句）
I found a sign	which	said, “... ”
I got a postcard	which	said, “ I miss you”.

Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted. ^{定语从句(主主谓谓)}

主语	定语从句	主句
Anyone	who leaves litter in these woods	will be prosecuted.
任何人	在树林扔垃圾的	将会被依法处置

语法知识被动语态巩固更新于:2023-12-16 08:05:03

be 用于掌管“时态”，done 描述“被动”，所以be变done不变。

时间	一般状态	进行状态	完成状态
现在	am/is/are + done	am/is/are + being done	has/have + been done
过去	was/were + done	was/were + being done	had + been done
将来	shall/will + be done

He has been invited twice. 他已经被邀请了两次了。
The housework will be finished by him soon.家务很快就被他做完了。
The ground has been covered with heavy snow. 地面己经被大雪覆盖了。
The building will be built soon. 这座大楼马上就要建成了。

单词句型被动语态练习更新于:2023-12-16 08:38:43

He hasn't been served yet.^{还没有人来侍候他(现在完成被动)}	He will be served soon.^{很快会有人来侍候他的(一般将来被动)}
Hasn't anyone repaired this car yet?^{(现在完成)}	It has already been repaired! ^{(现在完成被动)}
Hasn't anyone corrected these exercise books yet?^{(现在完成)}	They have already been corrected!^{(现在完成被动)}
Hasn't anyone opened the door yet?	It has already been opened. It hasn't been opened yet. It will be opened tomorrow.
Hasn't anyone emptied this bottle yet?	It has already been emptied. It hasn't been emptied yet. It will be emptied soon.
Hasn't anyone bought these books yet?	They have already been bought.
Hasn't anyone turned on the TV yet?	It has already been turned on.
Hasn't anyone cleaned the bedroom yet?	It has already been cleaned. It hasn't been cleaned yet. It will be cleaned tomorrow.
Hasn't anyone sharpened this pencil yet?	It has already been sharpened. It hasn't been sharpened yet. It will be sharpened soon.
Hasn't anyone repaired this bike yet?	It hasn't been repaired yet. It will be repaired tomorrow.
Hasn't anyone dusted the table yet?	It hasn't been dusted yet. It will be dusted soon.

扩展知识新概念一册学习总结更新于:2026-02-23 06:48:47

Lesson 1-30	语音^{(自然拼音)}、一般现在时、词性。
Lesson 31-98	时态、过去时、将来时、进行时。
Lesson 99-144	复合句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、定语从句...

代词 §

人称代词

单数		复数
主格	宾格	主格	宾格
I	me	we	us
you	you	you	you
she	her	they	them
he	him
it	it

名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词＋名词

单数		复数
形物	名物	形物	名物
my	mine	our	ours
your	yours	your	yours
her	hers	their	theirs
his	his
its	its

反身代词

单数	复数
myself	ourselves
yourself	yourselves
himself	themselves

指示代词

单数	复数
this	these
that	those

不定代词 §

Every^(每)	No^(没)	Some^(某)	Any^(任)
everyone	no one	someone	anyone
everybody	nobody	somebody	anybody
everything	nothing	something	anything
everywhere	nowhere	somewhere	anywhere
one	each	both	many
much	another	(a) little	(a) few

名词

可数名词、不可数名词，可数名词单数变复数规则。

不可数名词数量的表达

用于可数名词的量词
a piece of	一片、一块的
a loaf of	一个、一条的
a bar of	一条、一块的
a bottle of	一瓶的
a pound of	一磅的
half a pound of...	半磅的...
a quarter of a pound of...	四分之一磅的...
a pair of	一对的
hundreds of	成百上千的

有生命名词所有格：名词’s＋名词

Mary's room
James'(s) bike
dogs' food
at the butcher's
at the greengrocer's
in five hours' time ^{(无生命+'s)}5小时以后

无生命名词所有格：名词＋of + 名词

a photograph of our village

名词、代词作主语	The village is on a river. It is running after a cat.
名词、代词作宾语	I am making a bookcase He telephoned me four times.
名词、代词作表语	I am an engineer. That is all.
代词限定名词	I left my suitcase on the train to London the other day.

冠词

不定冠词	a	辅音发音开始的单词 a boy,a man,a university	泛指或未特定的名词,只适用于可数单数名词	表示任意一个
不定冠词	an	元音发音开始的单词 an hour,an old man	泛指或未特定的名词,只适用于可数单数名词	表示任意一个
定冠词 the	the	/ðə/ + 辅音开头发中文“ra” : in the morning	特指或已知的名词,可用于单数和复数名词	表示唯一性或特定性
定冠词 the	the	/ði/ + 元音开头发中文“热” : in the afternoon,in the evening	特指或已知的名词,可用于单数和复数名词	表示唯一性或特定性

动词

时间	状态	时态
过去	一般	一般过去、一般现在、一般将来
将来	进行	现在进行、将来进行、过去进行
现在	完成	现在完成、将来完成、过去完成

语态

时态	结构
一般现在时	is/am/are + done
一般过去时	was/were + done
过去进行时	was/were + being + done
现在完成时	has/have + been + done
过去完成时	had + been + done
将来时	will + be + done
过去将来时	would + be + done
现在进行时	is/am/are + being + done
过去完成进行时	had + been + being + done

动词分类

实义动词	联系动词(am/is/are)、及物动词（＋宾语、双宾语、宾语从句）、不及物动词(run\read...)
情态动词	must can may...
助动词	do does did ...

形容词

原级	比较级	最高级	同级比较
pretty	prettier	the prettiest	as + quickly + as

位置

表语：They are lazy.
定语：I think the blue dress is prettier.
宾补：I am going to paint this bookcase pink.

副词

频度副词

频率副词	中文
always	总是
usually	通常
often	经常、常常
sometimes	有时候^{(句首、尾表强调)}
seldom	很少、罕见
never	从来没有

位置：情be后，实词前^{once twice three times... again 置于句尾}

地点副词	置于句尾	here there home abroad...
时间副词	句首，句尾	today yesterday tomorrow now...
方式副词	句尾，强调放句首	suddenly quickly slowly carefully

句子顺序

主语	谓语	方式副词	地点副词	时间副词
谁	做什么	怎么做的	在哪儿做的	什么时间做的

程度副词

very too so terribly enough... 放形容词前修饰，但enough后置

副词比较级

副词的原级、比较级、最高级 as副词as

数词

基数词： one、two、three...

序数词：first、second、third...

日期、年份、点钟

介词

介词	中文解释
in	在...之内
on	在...之上
at	在...处，于...时
under	在...之下
beside	在...旁边
between	在...之间
over	在...上方
across	横过，穿过
till	直到...为止
with	与...一起
by	通过，靠近
for	为了
into	进入...里
through	通过，穿越
about	关于
during	在...期间
up	向上
down	向下
along	沿着
from	从...出发
behind	在...后面
before	在...之前
after	在...之后
of	属于
among	在...之中
near	在...附近
like	像...一样
to	向...
except	除了...之外
off	离开
since	自...以来

简单句^{(只描述一件事情)}

并列句^{(多件事一样重要)}

There are some clouds in the sky, but the sun is shining.

复合句^{(主句+从句)}

I believe that this house is for sale.^{(宾语从句)}
When we were having breakfast, our little boy...^{(时间状语从句)}
The man I served was wearing a hat.^{(定语从句)}
What will you do if you win a lot of money?^{(条件状语从句)}

肯定句

陈述句	否定句	一般疑问句	特殊疑问句
He has a book.	He doesn't have a book.	Does he have a book?	What does he have?

附加疑问句

倒装句	He doesn't say very much, does he?
感叹句	What a beautiful ship!
祈使句	Be careful.

截止到《新一》笔记整理完成，已学过、出现的单词约1200个左右，通过单词量测试软件可测出约 2000+，《新一》仔细学完后可以平滑的进入《新二》的学习~

接下来的学习

《新一》的学习基本上将我们来带入了英语的大门，结合本笔记可掌握1000+的单词量，接下来尝试着去理解单词与课文，重点练习一些固定搭配和句型，然后做下面一些最重要的事情：

回译模式：本站顶部专门提供了【回译模式】对照中文意思可以自己组织正确的英文句子(不能偏离原文的意思)。可替换相关的形容词、动词等。
课文替换表达：尝试将课文中出现的一些高频句子，使用当前已掌握的名词、代词、动词、形容词等进行“同位替换”，水平更高的同学可以尝试换一句说法（替换表达），目的是更深刻的去掌握这门语言。
造句练习：仔细查看笔记可以发现，有很多重要的结构都有课文以外的例句，大家可以学习这种模式，使用重点的单词、短语、结构等进行造句，或者描述当前的情况。
课文默写：看着中文的译文，尝试将课文默写出来，这项只比背诵难一点，目的是能通过发音去“背单词”，为今后的学习打好基础。

Get a taste of your own medicine ^{以其人之道还治其人之身}

Lesson 141&142 Sally’s first train ride

Lesson 143&144 A walk through the woods林中散步被动语态

与课文关联的单词

surround *

round *

wood *

spot *

hundred *

city *

through *

guest *

tidy *

place *

throw *

count *

cover *

piece *

among *

a walk through the woods 林中漫步

I live in an old town. 我住在一个古老的镇上。

The town is surrounded by beautiful woods. 这个镇被一个美丽的小树林围绕。

On Sunday 在周日

On Sundays 每逢周日

Hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods.

Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.

have been done 已经被(现在完成时被动语)

Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere.

What I saw made me very sad. = I saw what made me very sad.

名言名句

The litter basket was empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends,…

I found a sign which said, “... ” 我发现一个牌子，上面写着…

Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted. 定语从句(主主谓谓)

代词 §

不定代词 §

名词

不可数名词数量的表达

有生命名词所有格：名词’s＋名词

无生命名词所有格：名词＋of + 名词

动词分类

位置

副词

程度副词

副词比较级

数词

简单句(只描述一件事情)

并列句(多件事一样重要)

复合句(主句+从句)

肯定句

附加疑问句

接下来的学习

Lesson 143&144 A walk through the woods

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surround ^*

round ^*

wood ^*

spot ^*

hundred ^*

city ^*

through ^*

guest ^*

tidy ^*

place ^*

throw ^*

count ^*

cover ^*

piece ^*

among ^*

a walk through the woods ^林中漫步

I live in an old town. ^{我住在一个古老的镇上。}

The town is surrounded by beautiful woods. ^{这个镇被一个美丽的小树林围绕。}

On Sunday ^在周日