新概念英语第一册

Lesson 141&142 Sally’s first train ride 萨莉第一次乘火车旅行

被动语态
复述本文 (中文提示，助你复述)

上周，琼决定带她四岁的女儿萨莉乘坐火车去参加一个儿童聚会。萨莉非常兴奋，因为她之前从未坐过火车，她一直盯着窗外，不停地问着各种问题。一位穿着蓝色外套、戴着一顶滑稽帽子的中年女士坐在萨莉对面。火车出站后，这位女士拿出粉盒来化妆。当萨莉问她为什么这样做时，这位女士解释说她想让自己看起来漂亮。萨莉坦率地回答说她还是很丑的。萨莉觉得这种情形很有趣，但琼却因女儿的直言不讳而感到非常尴尬。

Last week, Jean decided to take her four-year-old daughter, Sally, to a children's party by train. Sally was extremely excited as she had never travelled on a train before, and she spent the time looking out the window while asking many questions. A middle-aged lady, who was wearing a blue coat and a funny hat, sat opposite Sally. After the train had left the station, the lady took out her powder compact to make up her face. When Sally asked why she was doing that, the lady explained that she wanted to look beautiful. Sally responded with brutal honesty by telling the lady that she was still ugly. Sally found the situation amusing, but Jean felt extremely embarrassed by her daughter's blunt remark.
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Lesson 139&140 Is that you, John？
Lesson 143&144 A walk through the woods

本课重点词汇

15 个相关单词

excited

/ ɪkˈsaɪtɪd / adj. 兴奋的

get on

/ ɡet ɒn / n. 登上

middle-aged

/ ˌmɪd(ə)l ˈeɪdʒd / adj. 中年的

opposite *

/ ˈɒpəzɪt / prep. 在…对面

curiously

/ ˈkjʊəriəsli / adv. 好奇地

funny

/ ˈfʌni / adj. 可笑的，滑稽的

powder

/ ˈpaʊdə(r) / n. 香粉

compact

/ kəmˈpækt / n. 带镜的化妆盒

kindly

/ ˈkaɪndli / adv. 和蔼地

ugly

/ ˈʌɡli / adj. 丑陋的

amused

/ əˈmjuːzd / adj. 有趣的

smile *

/ smaɪl / v. 微笑

embarrassed

/ ɪmˈbærəst / adj. 尴尬的，窘迫

worried

/ ˈwʌrid / adj. 担心，担忧

regularly

/ ˈreɡjələli / adv. 经常地，定期地

课文理解 讲述在火车上发生的事情

更新于:2026-08-17 02:53:28
5
恭喜你，这不仅是学习的进阶，更是毅力的胜利。你已经站在高处鸟瞰了英语的轮廓，未来的路，你同样大有可为 ~

my four-year-old daughter 我四岁的女儿 + 同位语

  • My daughter is four years old. 没有连接符需要复数形式

a children’s party  儿童聚会

I decided to take her by train. 我决定带她坐火车去。

decide to do … 决定做…
  • She decided to rent out a room to get extra income. 她为获得额外收入决定租出一个房间。
  • When they decide to have a party they don't mess around. 他们决定搞聚会，便会迅速操办起来。
  • We decide to visit Sansha in July. 我们决定七月去三沙。

Sally was very excited, because she had never traveled before.(过去完成时+一般过去，区分先后顺序)

参加聚会前(先发生) 参加聚会时(后发生) 现在(讲述时)
had never traveled(过去完成) was is
时间发展顺序: 参加聚会前(完成)→ 参加聚会时(过去) → 讲述(现在)

She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw.

everything(that) she saw  她所见到的一切

  • everything he did 他所做的一切
  • something he said 他所说的事情
  • everything he left 他所留下的一切

Sally did not answer, but looked at her curiously.

  •  looked at her curiously. → looked at her with curiosity. 虽然《新一》接近尾声了，知道你与高手之间的距离吗？

The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large funny hat.

be dressed in… 穿着…

  • He was dressed in a pair of black jeans.
  • He was dressed in khaki trousers. 他穿着一条卡其色的裤子。
  • The children were dressed in rags. 孩子们穿着破衣烂衫。

After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took out her powder compact.

火车开出(先发生) 打开手提包、拿出...(后发生) 现在(讲述时)
had left(过去完成) opened & took is
时间发展顺序: 火车开出(完成) → 打开手提包、拿出...(过去) → 描述发生的事(现在)

She then began to make up her face.

begin to do... 开始去做...

  • Most roses will begin to bloom from late May. 大多数玫瑰从五月末开始开花。
  • Work will now begin to test the hypothesis in rats. 在老鼠身上验证这一假设的工作现在要开始了。
  • He began to perspire heavily. 他开始大量出汗。

make up one’s face 化妆（过时）

  • She then began to make herself up. 现代用法（书面）
  • She began to do her makeup. （口语与作文）
make sb up 给别人化妆
  • She makes up the actress. 她给女演员化妆。
  • She puts on makeup every morning. 她每天早上化妆。
  • She does her makeup before going out. 她出门前化妆。 
make up one's mind 做决定 Be your own man. Make up your own mind. 做自己的主人，自己做决定吧。
make up 和解；编造故事
  • They made up after quarrelling. 吵架之后他们和好了。
  • He made up an excuse. 他编了一个借口。
make up 组成、构成、占比
  • Muslims make up 55% of the population. 穆斯林占人口的55%。
  • Women make up 56% of the student numbers. 女生占学生人数的56%。
  • Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force. 女警察构成警力的13%。

To make myself beautiful.为了把自己打扮的漂亮。

to… 表示目的

语法知识 被动语态

更新于:2026-02-28 03:40:20
7

什么是被动语态

被动语态是一种句子结构，用来强调动作的接受者或受事者，而不是动作的执行者。在被动语态中，动作的接受者成为句子的主语，而动作的执行者通常以介词 "by" 引出或省略不提。
主动语态(除了被动全是主动) 被动语态
She washes the car.（她洗车。） The car is washed by her.（车被她洗了。）

被动语态常用于

强调 未知 隐藏 客观
当重要性在于动作的承受者而不是执行者时 当执行者未知或不重要时 当想避免指责或隐藏具体执行者时 当描述普遍规律或客观事实时
The cake was eaten by her. The house was built. The job was done. Gravity was discovered by Newton. 万有引力被牛顿发现了。

被动语态的构成: be + done

被动语态与时态关系非常紧密，be 代表了时态，会随着时间变化而变化 ，done 表示被动的。
原型 现在时(三单) 过去时 现在分词 过去分词
be am/is/are was/were being been
do does did doing done
become becomes became becoming become
seem seems seemed seeming seemed
appear appears appeared appearing appeared
feel feels felt feeling felt
look looks looked looking looked
sound sounds sounded sounding sounded
taste tastes tasted tasting tasted
smell smells smelled smelling smelled
remain remains remained remaining remained
stay stays stayed staying stayed
turn turns turned turning turned
get gets got/gotten getting gotten

被动语态的时态 §

时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 is/am/are + done He is killed. 他被杀了。
一般过去时 was/were + done He was killed last night. 他昨晚被杀。
过去进行时 was/were + being + done He was being killed last night.他昨晚正在被杀。
现在完成时 has/have + been + done He has been killed.他已经被杀了。
过去完成时 had + been + done He had been killed before.他曾经被杀过。
将来时 will + be + done He will be killed.他将会被杀。
过去将来时 would + be + done He would be killed.他曾经会被杀。
现在进行时 is/am/are + being + done He is being killed.他正在被杀。
过去完成进行时 had + been + being + done He had been being killed.他过去一直被杀。

一般现在 V.S. 一般过去

时态 例句

一般现在时

 The watch is broken. 手表坏了(主系表)
It is visited by hundreds of people every day here. 这里每天迎接成百上千的游客。
No man is born wise or learned. 没有人是生而知

一般过去时

 Her wallet was lost yesterday. 她的钱包昨天丢了。
The cars were repaired last week.这几辆车是上周修好的。
Her son was taken to school. 她儿子被送到学校
I was invited to his birthday party yesterday. 我昨天被邀请去参加了他的生日聚会。

何使用被动语态

  1. 不知道动作的发出者 It is broken.
  2. 强调动作的发出者He breaks it.&It is broken by him.
  3. 没必要提出动作的发出者 A new building was built.
  4. 惯用的被动语态 He was born in 1984.
be born ... (出生：bear-bore-born) He was born in 1984.
be hurt ...(受伤：hurt-hurt-hurt) I am hurt.
be dressed in...(打扮：dress-dressed-dressed) The lady is dressed in a large funny hat.

单词句型 动词 +ed与+ing的不同意思

更新于:2026-02-28 03:41:21
7
快速理解：过去分词(ed)是自己的感受（I'm excited. 我兴奋），现在分词(ing) 是给别人的感受(I'm exciting. 我让别人兴奋)。
interested
感兴趣的		 She is very interested in learning new languages.
她对学习新语言非常感兴趣		 interesting
令人感兴趣的		 The book I'm reading is very interesting.
我正在读的那本书非常有趣
moved
感动的		 Her speech at the conference was so powerful, it really moved me.
她在会议上的演讲非常有力，真让我感动		 moving
令人感动的		 The movie's ending was incredibly moving.
电影的结局非常感人
surprised
惊讶的		 I was surprised to see him at the party.
我在派对上见到他感到很惊讶		 surprising
令人惊讶的		 The news of their engagement was quite surprising.
他们的订婚消息相当令人惊讶
excited
兴奋的		 He was excited about his upcoming vacation.
他对即将到来的假期感到兴奋		 exciting
令人兴奋的		 The roller coaster ride was thrilling and exciting.
坐过山车的经历令人兴奋刺激

更多类型的词汇

单词 "-ed" 形容词 "-ing" 形容词
amuse amused amusing
annoy annoyed annoying
depress depressed depressing
embarrass embarrassed embarrassing
exhaust exhausted exhausting
frustrate frustrated frustrating
interest interested interesting

worried ['wʌrid]   adj. 担心，担忧的

  • Don't be worried about the exam.
worry v. 担心，担忧 Don’t worry about the exam.

regularly ['reɡjələli]  adv. 经常的、定期的

  • It’s important to exercise regularly. 强调定期的
usually 通常 I usually get the bus to work. 我通常坐公共汽车上班。

扩展知识 被动语态否定与疑问句

更新于:2023-12-16 06:27:46
7
陈述句 否定句 be + not+ done 疑问句 be 提前
The letter was sent out. The letter was not sent out. Was the letter sent out?
The room was cleaned. The room was not cleaned. Was the room cleaned? 
  • This seat is taken. 这位置有人了
  • The tea is served. 茶已经准备好了
  • Your coffee is served. 你的咖啡已备好
  • Lost time is never found again. 岁月流逝，一去不返。
  • A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。
  • Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺非一日之寒。
每日习语 Laugh off 一笑置之

练习题

共有 12 题需要完成
  1. His report on the space exploration was really . 单选题
    A、 exciting
    B、 excited
    C、 excitement
    D、 excitedly
  2. I can judge that he is very from the look on his face. 单选题
    A、 excited; excited
    B、 exciting; excited
    C、 excited; exciting
    D、 exciting; exciting
  3. Does anyone ever air this room? Someone airs it regularly. This room by someone regularly. 填空题
  4. Does anyone ever clean these rooms? Someone cleans these rooms regularly. These rooms by someone regularly. 填空题
  5. Does anyone ever empty this basket? Someone empties it regularly. It by someone regularly. 填空题
  6. Does anyone ever sharpen this pencil? Someone sharpens it regularly. It by someone regularly. 填空题
  7. Did anyone water these flowers? Someone watered these flowers regularly. They by someone regularly. 填空题
  8. Did anyone repair this car? Someone repaired this car regularly. It by someone regularly. 填空题
  9. Did anyone dust this cupboard? Someone dusted it regularly. It by someone regularly. 填空题
  10. Did anyone correct these exercise books? Someone corrected them regularly. They by someone regularly. 填空题
  11. a new building in our school last year? 单选题
    A、 Is, built
    B、 Was, built
    C、 Does, built
    D、 Did, build
  12. Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? — No, I . 单选题
    A、 am not invited
    B、 haven’t invited
    C、 wasn’t invited
    D、 didn’t invite