Lesson 031&32 Where’s Sally?萨莉在哪里?时态 现在进行时 国际音标

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艾米正在打扫那间凌乱的卧室。所以,琼斯一家正在花园里等待着。瞧瞧这个幸福的家庭吧!杰克和琼恩正在花园里交谈。他们的孩子和宠物们正在这里玩耍。萨莉正坐在那棵大树下。蒂姆正在爬树,所以琼恩则满怀爱意地仔细看着他。那只调皮的狗正追逐着一只猫在草地上奔跑。他们都在一起,这是一个温馨美好的家。
Amy is cleaning the messy bedroom now. So, the Jones family is waiting in the garden. Look at this happy family! Jack and Jean are talking in the garden. Their children and pets are playing out here. Sally is sitting under the big tree. Tim is climbing the tree, so Jean watches him carefully with love. The naughty dog is running across the grass after a cat. They are all together, and it is a wonderful sweet home.
23个相关单词

与课文关联的单词

garden *

/ˈɡɑːd(ə)n/n. 花园

under *

/ˈʌndə(r)/prep. 在…之下

tree *

/triː/n. 树

climb

/klaɪm/v. 爬,攀登

who *

/huː/pron. 谁

run *

/rʌn/v. 跑

grass *

/ɡrɑːs/n. 草,草地

after *

/ˈɑːftə(r)/prep. 在…之后

cat

/kæt/n. 猫

type *

/taɪp/v. 打字

letter *

/ˈletə(r)/n. 信

basket

/ˈbɑːskɪt/n. 篮子

basketball

/ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/n. 篮球

eat *

/iːt/v. 吃

bone *

/bəʊn/n. 骨头

clean *

/kliːn/v. 清洗

tooth

/tuːθ/n. 牙齿

cook *

/kʊk/v. 做(饭菜)

milk

/mɪlk/n. 牛奶

meal

/miːl/n. 饭,一顿饭

drink *

/drɪŋk/v. 喝

tap

/tæp/n. (水)龙头

across *

/əˈkrɒs/prep. (从平面)穿过
课文理解一家人的岁月静好 更新于:2026-04-30 02:09:47
garden n.花园['ɡɑːdn]
['ɡɑːrdn]
  • in the garden 在花园里
  • a gardener 园艺师
under prep.在...的之下['ʌndə(r)]
  • under the sun 阳光下
  • under the sea 海底
  • There is a chair under the bed.床下面有一把椅子。
tree n.树[triː]
  • under the tree 树下
  • a family tree 家谱
climb v.爬,攀登[klaɪm]climb the mountain 爬山
who pron.谁[huː]
  • 特殊疑问词+ be+ 名词
  • 特殊疑问词+名词+ be+ …
  • Who are you? 你是谁?
  • Who is this lady? 这位女士是谁?
  • Who is that man? 那位男士是谁?
run v.跑[rʌn]
  • run after 追赶
  • I run after the bus. 我追赶公交车。
  • a runner 跑步运动员
  • Liu xiang is a runner.
grass n.草地[ɡrɑːs]
[ɡræs]
on the grass 在草地上
after prep.在...之后['ɑːftə(r)]
['æftər]
  • after 3:00
  • After you! 您先请。
across prep.穿过[ə'krɒs]
  • go across the street.
  • walk across the street.
  • run across the street.
cat n.猫[kæt]Lions belong to the cat family.狮属于猫科。
回忆词性分类:名词、代词、介词、动词、形容词、冠词… 动词!
  1. 动词是句子的灵魂;
  2. 所有的时态都通过改变动词来实现;
  3. 动词短语
There be 描述结构
There are two people in the room.They are talking.
There is a boy in the tree.He is climbing the tree.
There is a girl under the tree.She is reading.

* She is sitting under the tree. 正坐在树下。

  • sit → sitting(进行时)

* He is climbing the tree.正在爬树

  • climb → climbing(进行时;现在分词)

I beg your pardon? 我祈求您的原谅,您可以再说一遍吗?

  • beg [beɡ] v.恳求,祈求
  • Pardon?
  • Excuse me? Sorry?
  • Say it again.

What about …? …怎么样?

反问提议
  • I am a teacher. → What about you? 我是一个老师。 你呢?
  • I am learning English. → What about you? 我在学英语。 你呢?
I want rice. → What about you? 我想吃饭。 你呢?

* He is acrossing the grass. 正穿过那片草地。

across prep. 介词不能当成动词来使用

  • He is crossing the grass. 
  • There's a way across the fields. 有一条路穿过田地。
  • He stepped across the threshold. 他迈过门槛。

v. + ing 只有动词才能变化时态(时间+状态)

  • He is going \ walking \ running across the grass.

It’s running after a cat.(它正在一只猫后面跑)它正在追赶一只猫。

run after (在后面跑) 追赶

  • If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. 两只兔都赶,一只也逮不着。
  • We run after the fire truck. 我们跟着消防车跑去出事现场。
  • David tore down the street to run after the thief. 大卫冲到街上去追赶小偷。
chase v.追赶...I don't chase others. 我不追赶别人。
语法知识时间与状态 更新于:2025-12-17 07:40:45
时间状态
过去一般一般过去、一般现在、一般将来
将来进行现在进行、将来进行、过去进行
现在完成现在完成、将来完成、过去完成
时态学习难度结构例句
一般过去时★★☆☆☆

主语 + was/were + 非动词

He was a student. 他曾是学生.
主语 + didI traveled to Paris last year.(我去年去了巴黎。)
一般现在时★★☆☆☆主语 + is/am/are + 非动词I am a father. 我是一个父亲
主语 + do/doesShe works at a bank.(她在一家银行工作。)
一般将来时★★★☆☆主语 + is/am/are + going to + doI am going to work. 我要开始工作了。
主语 + will + doThey will visit their grandparents next week.(他们下周要去拜访他们的祖父母。)
现在进行时★★☆☆☆主语 + am/is/are + doingHe is studying for his exam right now.(他现在正在为考试而学习。)
将来进行时★★★☆☆主语 + will be + doingI will be traveling to Japan this time next month.(我下个月的这个时候将会在日本旅行。)
过去进行时★★★☆☆主语 + was/were + doingShe was playing tennis when it started raining.(下雨时她正在打网球。)
现在完成时★★★★★主语 + have/has + doneWe have visited that museum before.(我们以前参观过那个博物馆。)
将来完成时★★★★☆主语 + will have + doneBy the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking dinner.(等你到达的时候,我会已经做完晚餐了。)
过去完成时★★★★☆主语 + had + doneThey had already left when I arrived.(当我到达时,他们已经离开了。)

现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)

此时此刻正在做的动作变为了状态。
  • 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词
  • 否定句:主语 + am not/is not/are not + 动词的现在分词
  • 疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词的现在分词
注:这里的 is/am/are 成为了助动词。它们是来帮助由原来实义动词变为现在分词后,组成一个合法的句子的。动词变为现在分词后,大多时候表当前时间+状态,已不再是动词,如果不使用is/am/are来帮助,句子就不再合法。
动词现在分词例句
readreadingHe is reading a book.(他正在读一本书。)
eateatingThey are eating dinner.(他们正在吃晚餐。)
drinkdrinkingShe is drinking water.(她正在喝水。)
sleepsleepingI am sleeping right now.(我现在正在睡觉。)
playplayingThe children are playing in the park.(孩子们在公园里玩耍。)
singsingingShe is singing a song.(她正在唱歌。)
swimswimmingHe is swimming in the pool.(他在游泳池里游泳。)
runrunningThey are running in the race.(他们正在赛跑。)
writewritingI am writing a letter.(我正在写信。)

现在分词是动词的一种特殊形式,它通常以-ing结尾。现在分词可以用作多种用途,包括构成进行时态、形容词和从属连词等。根据上下文的不同,现在分词可以具有名词、形容词或副词的功能。

作为动词的一种形式,现在分词保留了一些动词的特征,例如时态(进行时态)、语态(被动语态)和动作性(及物动词还是不及物动词)。同时,现在分词也具有形容词的性质,可以修饰名词,并且可以与连系动词连用构成表语。


现在分词变化规则

规则例子
一般情况下,在动词原形上加-ing后缀read → reading(读 → 正在读)
单音节动词,以一个辅音字母结尾且同时拥有一个元音字母run → running(跑 → 正在跑)
hit → hitting(打 → 正在打)
以-e结尾的动词,去掉末尾的-e再加上-ing后缀take → taking(拿 → 正在拿)
write → writing(写 → 正在写)
以-ie结尾的动词,将-ie变为-y再加上-ing后缀lie → lying(躺 → 正在躺)
die → dying(死 → 正在死)
以重读闭音节结尾,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词stop → stopping(停止 → 正在停止)
swim → swimming(游泳 → 正在游泳)

句子结构

Heis readinga book.
(语)(语)(语)
与一般现在时不同的是,这里的谓语是:助动词 + 现在分词,所以:I'm running.是一个主谓结构。

is/am/are 的选择(主谓一致)

I amrunning.
reading.
walking.
swimming.
cooking.
typing.
You are
She is
He is
It is
需要注意的是,这只是一般规则,在特定语境下可能会有例外。例如,当强调某个名词时,可以使用 "is" 或 "are" 来表示主语与动作的关系。例如:"The team is running."(团队正在跑步。)
句子类型结构句子示例
否定句主语 + am not/is not/are not + 现在分词She is not running.她不在跑步。
一般疑问句Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词?Is she running?她在跑步吗?
特殊疑问句Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词?What is she doing?她在做什么?
单词句型现在进行时练习 更新于:2026-03-20 07:51:07
单词音标变化意思示例
type[taɪp]type → typing v.打字She is typing.(她在打字。)
letter['letə(r)]letter ≠ lattern.信a love letter(情书)
basket['bɑːskɪt]basket ⇒ basketballn.篮子basketball(篮球)
eat[iːt]eat → eatingv.吃I am eating.(我在吃饭。)
bone[bəʊn]lazy bone 懒汉n.骨头He has a bone.(他有一根骨头。)
clean[kliːn]clean → cleaningv.清洗 / adj.干净的
  • The room is clean.(房间很干净。)
  • clean the room 打扫房间
tooth[tuːθ]tooth → teeth 复数n.牙齿
  • I have a toothache.(我牙疼。)
  • foot → feet 复数
  • toothbrush 牙刷(单数是惯例)
cook[kʊk]cook → cookingv.做饭My mother is cooking.(我妈在做饭。)
milk[mɪlk]milk → milkingn.牛奶I drink milk.(我喝牛奶。)
meal[miːl]meal ⇒ mealtimen.饭,一顿饭Let's have a meal together.(我们一起吃饭吧。)
drink[drɪŋk]drink → drinkingv.喝She is drinking some water.(她在喝水。)
tap[tæp]tap ≠ tapen.水龙头Turn on the tap.(打开水龙头。)
water faucet['fɔːsɪt] -n.水龙头Turn off the water faucet.(关上水龙头。)

What’s she \ he \ it doing?

  1. Open the window! → He is opening the window.
  2. Sharpen this pencil! → She is sharpening the pencil.
  3. Dust the cupboard! → She is dusting the cupboard.
  4. Empty the basket! → She is emptying the basket.
  5. Look at the picture! → He is looking at the picture.
扩展知识英语中的连读 更新于:2025-12-17 07:45:35

辅音 + 元音的连读

  • put on / take off / pick up / clean it up / under it(穿上/脱下/拿起/整理它/在下面)
  • It is an old book.(这是一本旧书。)
  • She was in an office. Isn't it?(她在办公室里。不是吗?)
  • Here are four eggs...(这里有四个鸡蛋...)

辅音+半元音

  • Thank you.
  • I love you.
  • Nice to meet you.
  • Did you get there?
  • Could you help me?

句子补充

  • Let me have a look at it.(让我看看它。)
  • Not at all.(不客气。)
  • Please pick it up.(请捡起它。)
  • I'd like to eat it.(我想吃它。)
连读规则
n + 元音/nɔː/ 呢an apple
r + 元音/rɔː/ 若there is
l + 元音/lɔː/ 了all of
t + 元音/d/it is
爆破辅音(pbtdkg)空一拍don't worry.
辅音相同读一个Yes,sir.
[i:] + 元音/j/see it.
[u:] + 元音/w/do it.
t + y/tʃu:/want you
d + y/dʒu:/need you
s + y/ʃu:/miss you
额外补充48个英语音标 更新于:2026-05-20 05:13:24

短元音 6辅记长元音 5辅记元音组合 8辅记
/ ɒ / hot /hɒt/ / ɑː / car /kɑːr/// day /d/
/ ə / about /əˈbaʊt// ɜː / bird /bɜːrd// / boat /bt/ 英: /bəʊt/
/ ɪ / sit /sɪt/// see /s/// eye //
/ ʊ / look /lʊk/// zoo /z/// cow /k/
/ e / bed /bed// ɔː / saw /sɔː// ɔɪ / 哦哎boy /bɔɪ/
/ æ / cat /kæt/  / ɪə / 衣儿here /hɪər/
/ ʌ / cup /kʌp/  // 诶儿air /r/
    / ʊə / 物儿tour /tʊər/

轻辅音 11辅记浊辅音 11辅记
/ p / pen /pen// b / ball /bɔːl/
/ t / two /tuː// d / dog /dɔːɡ/
/ k / cat /kæt// ɡ / green /ɡriːn/
/ f / fish /fɪʃ// v / van /væn/
/ θ / 思(咬舌)think /θɪŋk// ð / 滋(咬舌)this /ðɪs/
/ s / sun /sʌn// z / zoo /zuː/
/ ʃ / 湿ship /ʃɪp// ʒ / vision /ˈvɪʒ(ə)n/
/ h / hat /hæt/// judge /ʌ/
/ ts / cats /kæts// dz / friends /frendz/
// chair /er// dr / dream /driːm/
/ tr / tree /triː// r / red /red/

鼻音与半元音

鼻音 3辅记半元音 2辅记舌侧音 2辅记
/ m / moon /muːn// j / yes /jes// l / light /laɪt/
/ n / nose /noʊz// w / wet /wet// l / Lbell /bel/
/ ŋ / engring /rɪŋ/