新概念英语第一册

Lesson 119&120 A true story一个真实的故事过去完成时

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Lesson 121&122 The man in a hat
10个相关单词

与课文关联的单词

story *

/ˈstɔːri/n. 故事

happen *

/ˈhæpən/v. 发生

thief

/θiːf/n. 贼

enter *

/ˈentə(r)/v. 进入

dark *

/dɑːk/adj. 黑暗的

torch

/tɔːtʃ/n. 手电筒

voice *

/vɔɪs/n. (说话的)声音

parrot

/ˈpærət/n. 鹦鹉

exercise book

/ˈeksəsaɪz bʊk/n. 练习本

exercise *

/ˈeksəsaɪz/v. 锻炼
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并在此非常感激那些“举报错误”的同学，这份笔记应属于所有的学习者，加油学习、共勉之 ~
课文理解故事结构（同位语） 更新于:2025-08-29 11:06:11

Do you love stories?

这里将story变为复数，特指了故事类型(Do you like books?)，而不是某一个故事，这句话引出故事(我想给你讲个故事)

引人入胜的写作方式

I want to tell you… 我想告诉你... (故事的开始方式)

表达:想要 / 打算

I want to… （我想要…） I want to buy a new laptop.
I would like to… （我想要…/更礼貌） I would like to order some coffee.
I need to… （我需要…） I need to go to the bank.
I am going to… （我打算…） I am going to visit my friend tomorrow.
I am planning to… （我计划…） I am planning to learn English every day.

表达:习惯 / 经常做

I usually… （我通常…）I usually get up at 7 a.m.
 I always… （我总是…）  I always drink tea in the morning. 
 I sometimes… （我有时…）   I sometimes watch movies on weekends. 
 I never… （我从不…） I never smoke. 

It happened to a friend of mine…

happen to sb. 发生在某人身上\碰巧

  • What happened to them remains somewhat of a mystery.他们到底出了什么事，到现在仍可以说是个谜。
  • "What's happened to her?"—"I'm sure she won't be long." “她出什么事了？”— “我肯定她马上就到了。”
  • The lady happened to be Kevin's mother. 这位女士碰巧是凯文的母亲。

名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 （代表其中之一）

a friend of minea friend of my friends.
minemy friends.
  • a friend of mine  我的一个朋友(我众多朋友中的一个)
  • a daughter of theirs 他们的一个女儿(话外音，他们可能有几个女儿)
  • a nephew of hers 她的一个外甥(不止一个外甥)
  • a sister of his(男形物与名物都是his) 他的一个姐姐(他有几个姐姐)
  • a student of yours  你的一个学生
  • a co-worker of ours 我们的一个同事

While my friend, George, was reading… 同位语

名词 + 名字 名字 + 名词
  • my friend, George
  • my son, George
  • my brother, George
  • My favorite star, Wuzun, is very cool.
  • My hometown, Shaanxi, is a beautiful place.
  • Yesterday I met Mary, my old friend.
  • George, my friend
  • George,my son
  • George,my brother
  • Wuzun, My favorite star, is very cool.
  • Shaanxi, My hometown, is a beautiful place.
  • Yesterday I met my old friend, Mary.
同位语转换
My hometown is in Beijing. Beijing is the capital city of China.My hometown is in Beijing, the capital city of China.(更加简洁)
Sara is my friend.She is a doctor.Sara, my friend , is a doctor.(提供额外信息)

After they had entered the house,they went into the dining room. After后接完成时

过去完成时(先发生)一般过去时(后发生)
they had entered the housethey went into the dining room
他们已经进入了房子然后再进入了餐厅
After they had entered the house and went into the dining room.

The thieves dropped the torch and ran away （主语 + 谓语 + 谓语 ）as quickly as possible.

课文原句演变过程 1 → 2 → 3
  1. He studies as hard as she studies. 不够简洁，出现了2个studies
  2. He studies as hard as she does. 使用she does替代 she studies
  3. He studies as hard as her. 使用宾格代替 she studies、she does
  1. He is running as fast as he can run. 出现了2个run 不够简洁
  2. He is running as fast as he can. 简写，即：尽最大努力的跑
  3. He ran as fast as he could. 换了一个时态，与课文同理。

这是语言演化的结果：as + 副词 + as + 主语 + can/could 翻译为“尽[主语]最大的可能性[副词]”

The thieves ran away as quickly as they could. 这2个小偷尽最大的可能性跑掉了（能跑多快跑多快、撒丫子的跑了）
George came downstairs quickly.George came downstairs as quickly as he could. 乔治3步并做2步的下楼来
  • You must come back as soon as you can. 麻溜的给我回来
  • They work as hard as they can. 他们全力以赴工作
  • You had better drive as carefully as you can. 你要全神贯注地开车
not as...as... 不像...一样as…as… 像…一样

在否定形式中，表示两者不相等或不具有相同程度的特征。

  • John is not as tall as Tom. （约翰不如汤姆高。）
  • This movie is not as good as the previous one. （这部电影不如之前的好。）
  • Tom is as tall as John. （汤姆和约翰一样高。）
  • This book is not as interesting as that one. （这本书不如那本书有趣。）
  • She runs as fast as a cheetah. （她跑得像猎豹一样快。）
  • My sister is as smart as me. （我妹妹和我一样聪明。）
"as...as..." 是一个常用的句型，用于进行比较。它用来表达两个事物相等或具有相同程度的特征或性质。通常，这种结构可以用来比较两个人、物体、行为或状态的相似程度。基本结构是：as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 被比较的人或物

as…as possible 尽…所能地…

尽所能地慢 as slowly as possiblePlease drive as slowly as possible. 请尽量慢点开车。
尽所能地热情 as warmly as possiblePlease greet him as warmly as possible.请尽量热情地给他打招呼。
尽所能地努力 as hard as possibleHe is studying English as hard as possible.他正在尽全力努力地学英语。
slowly、warmly、hard都是副词，用于修饰动词
语法知识过去完成时态（Past Perfect Tense） 更新于:2025-08-29 10:41:51

用于描述在过去某个时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。它强调过去某一动作或状态在另一个过去时间点之前已经发生或完成。

主语 + had + done(过去分词)
  • She had already finished her homework before the party started.（派对开始前，她已经完成了她的家庭作业。）
  • They had already left when we arrived at the cinema.（当我们到达电影院时，他们已经离开了。）
  • I had never seen such a beautiful sunset before I visited that beach.（在我去那个海滩之前，我从未见过如此美丽的日落。）
  • By the time he arrived, the concert had already begun.（当他到达时，音乐会已经开始了。）
  • She had done her homework before 10:00 last night. (她昨晚10点前就做完了家庭作业。)
  • The rain had already stopped before 8:00 this morning. (今天早上8点前雨就停了。)
  • He had left by the time I arrived. （我到的时候他已经离开了）
主语 + had + been + 非动词 (基本不用)
这里的"had"的作用就是来辅助“过去完成”这件事的，前面的课程中说过，过来帮忙的词叫“助动词”，所以"had"不再表达它原来的意思(拥有)，在这个时态里不需要翻译。过去完成时态常与其他过去时态构成复合时态或表达时间顺序上的先后关系。通常，它与 "before"， "after"， "by the time" 等时间状语连词一起使用。
过去完成时现在完成时
过去的某个时间点或事件，表示在那个过去时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。现在，表示从过去某个时间点开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或者强调与现在的关联。
  • She had already left when I arrived.（她在我到达时已经离开了。）
  • They had finished their work before the boss came.（老板来之前，他们已经完成了工作。）
  • I have already eaten breakfast today.（我今天已经吃过早饭了。）
  • She has lived in this city for five years.（她在这个城市已经住了五年。）
动作或状态在过去某个时间点之前就已经完成或发生了。动作或状态可能在过去某个时间点开始，但它们与当前的情况仍然有关。
常与过去的时间状语连用，如 "before"、"after"、"by the time" 等。常与涉及到现在的时间状语连用，如 "since"、"for"、"already"、"just"、"recently" 等。

时间状语

by the end of…到......结束时by the time sb. + 动词过去时
  • by the end of last year 去年底指去年结束之前的某个时间点。
  • by the end of last week 在上周以前
  • by the end of last month… 在上个月以前
  • by the time he arrived... 在他到达的时候 The bus had already left by the time I got there.
  • by the time I graduated… 到我毕业的时候 By the time he graduated,heI had already secured a job offer.
陈述句否定句 had + not疑问句 had 提前
He had left by the time I arrived.He had not left by the time I arrived.Had he left by the time you arrived?
单词句型过去完成时的句型转换 更新于:2025-08-29 10:19:12

先理解过去完成时 （already 只强调“已经”，即使没有already在过去完成时里也已先发生了）

I asked the price of the car,but they had already sold it. 过去完成时发生在“过去的过去”

这在问出这句话“asked”的时间点之前，这车就已“sold”。所以“asked”是一般过去时，而“sold”则是过去完成时。这样的组合很容易就把一件事的时间顺序描述得很清晰。

I ran to the platform quickly,but the train had already left.

在“ran”站台之前，这火车就已经“left”。火车离开已完成，所以使用“had already left”，而我跑到站台则是一个过去发生的事情。

再做课文练习模仿例句（使用after、before改写以下句子）

Did you read the book? Yes, but I saw the film first.

afterI read the book after I had seen the film. 
beforeI had seen the film before I read the book.

Did you go to the doctor? Yes, but I made an appointment first.

afterI went to the doctor after I had made an appointment.
beforeI had made an appointment before I went to the doctor.

Did the boss leave the office? Yes, but he finished work first.

afterThe boss left the office after he had finished work.
beforeThe boss had finished work before he left the office.

Did your wife go out? Yes, but she finished the housework first.

afterMy wife went out after she had finished housework.
beforeMy wife had finished housework before she went out.

Did your teacher give you your exercise book? Yes, but he corrected it first.

afterMy teacher gave me my exercise book after he had corrected it. 
beforeMy teacher had corrected my exercise book before he gave it to me.

Did your sister go on holiday? Yes, but she took the examination first.

afterMy sister went on holiday after she had taken the examination.
beforeMy sister had taken the examination before she went on holiday.

Did you buy a new car? Yes, but I sold my old one first.

afterI bought a new car after I had sold my old one.
beforeI had sold my old car before I bought a new one.

扩展知识：after / before + 时态

after 后接完成时before 后接非完成时
动作B (一般过去时) + after + 主语 + had + 动作A (过去分词)主语 + had + 动作A (过去分词) + before + 动作B (一般过去时)
  • I read the book after I had seen the film.
  • She went out after she had finished the housework.
  • I had seen the film before I read the book.
  • She had finished the housework before she went out. 
after → 后面的动作用 过去完成时
before → 前面的动作用 过去完成时
扩展知识叙述两件事情的先后顺序 更新于:2025-08-29 10:26:26

When did you come to BJ?

定语状语从句（一般过去时）一般过去时 + 状语从句(过去完成时)
I came to BJ in 2007.I came to BJ when I graduated from university in 2007. I came to BJ after I had graduated from university in 2007.
过去完成时 + 一般过去时 描述两件事情发生的先后顺序。

When did you get married? 

定语一般过去时 + 状语从句(过去完成时)
I got married in 2009.I got married after we had been together for three years. 我们已经在一起了三年(先)，后才结婚。

When did you go abroad?

定语一般过去时 + 状语从句(过去完成时)
I went abroad the year before last.I went abroad after I had got the offer from Harvard University. 拿到了哈佛大学的录取通知(先)，后才选择出国。

练习题（When did …? / Did …?）

Q: When did you go home?

A: I finished my work first. Then I went home.

Q: Did you start your new job?

A: Yes, but I had an interview first.

Q: When did she get married?

A: She graduated from college first.

Q: Did your parents move to the city?

A: Yes, but they sold their house first.

Q: When did you buy a smartphone?

A: I saved enough money first.

Q: Did he call you?

A: Yes, but he finished his work first.

Q: When did you meet your best friend?

A: I joined the new school first.

Q: Did the train leave?

A: Yes, but all the passengers got on first.

easy game 简单的游戏(小菜一牒)

Lesson 121&122 The man in a hat