| 祈使句的特点§ | be + 非动词(adj.、adv.、n. …) |
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"Be careful!"(小心!)是一个特殊的祈使句,其中的"be"是动词,后面可以接形容词、介词、名词等。
| give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. | |
|---|---|
| You give the vase to me.(你把花瓶给了我。) | You give me the vase.(你给了我花瓶。) |
| I give some money to him. | I give him some money.(我给他一些钱。) |
| I give a flower to my mother. | I give my mother a flower.(我给妈妈一朵花。) |
可接双宾语的词(限本册): give(给予)\ show(展示) \ take(带给) \ teach(教授) ...
注意:可以接双宾语的动词是有限的,不是所有动词都可以接双宾语。
中考考点:双宾语结构通常都是 人 + 物,人永远是间接宾语而物则是直接宾语。
| Basic 基础表达 | Advanced 进阶/地道表达 |
|---|---|
| I don't understand. 我不明白。 | I don't get it. 我不懂/没领会。 |
| What are you doing? 你在做什么? | What are you up to? 你在忙什么呢? |
| Seriously? 认真的吗? | For real? 真的假的? |
| I can't believe it! 我不敢相信! | No way! 没门/绝不可能! |
| I don't like it. 我不喜欢。 | I am not into it. 我对这没兴趣。 |
| My mistake. 我的错。 | My bad. 我的(口语)。 |
| I understand you. 我理解你。 | I feel you. 我懂你(感同身受)。 |
| I made a mistake. 我犯了个错。 | I screwed up. 我搞砸了。 |
| I have no money. 我没钱。 | I'm broke. 我身无分文。 |
| Let's meet today. 我们今天见面吧。 | Let's catch up today. 我们今天叙叙旧吧。 |
| I am taking a bath. 我在洗澡。 | I am having a shower. 我在淋浴。 |
| Don't touch me. 别碰我。 | Get off me. 离我远点/撒手。 |
| I am very hungry. 我很饿。 | I am starving. 我饿死了。 |
| Be careful. 小心。 | Watch out. 当心/注意。 |
| Are you mad? 你生气了吗? | Are you out of your mind? 你疯了吗? |
| What is your name? 你叫什么名字? | What do you go by? 你怎么称呼? |
| 结构:is not / am not / are not | |
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| 肯定句 | 否定句 |
| It is my name.(这是我的名字。) | It is not my name.(这不是我的名字。) |
| She is pretty.(她很漂亮。) | She is not pretty.(她不漂亮。) |
| You are busy.(你很忙。) | You are not busy.(你不忙。) |
| I am listening.(我在听。) | I am not listening.(我没在听。) |
在前面的学习过程中我们是直接在Be动词上加 not 完成了否定句的变换。假如我们的句子中没有 is/am/are的时候,我们需要怎么做呢?
如果你需要去否定一个实义动词,就需要一个助动词Don't = Do not 来帮助实现。
Tips : not 通常与动词搭配,而 No 则与名词搭配。
助动词"Do"是英语中一个非常常用且多功能的词,它有多种用法和含义。
| 用于构成否定句和疑问句 | 否定句:例如,"I do not like coffee."(我不喜欢咖啡。) | 疑问句:例如,"Do you like coffee?"(你喜欢咖啡吗?) |
|---|---|---|
| 用于强调 | 强调句:例如,"I do enjoy playing basketball."(我确实喜欢打篮球。) | 强调疑问句:例如,"Do you really love me?"(你真的爱我吗?) |
| 用于替代动词 | 替代动词:例如,"I don't know what to do."(我不知道该做什么。) | |
| 用于进行时态和完成时态 | 进行时态:例如,"She is doing her homework."(她正在做她的作业。) | 完成时态:例如,"He has done his job."(他已经完成了他的工作。) |
| 单词 | 词性 | 中文含义 | 音标 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | v. | 给…看 | /ʃəʊ/ | Can you show me how to do it? |
| send | v. | 寄送,派遣 | /send/ | I will send you the documents by email. |
| take | v. | 带给 | /teɪk/ | Don't forget to take your umbrella. |
一般将来时:主语 + is/am/are + going to + do ∴ 主语 + will + do
| Don't + v. 禁止动作 | No + n. 不允许某个事物或概念 |
|---|---|
| Don't eat too much candy.(不要吃太多糖果。) | No smoking allowed in this area.(本区域禁止吸烟。) |
| Don't forget to call me.(别忘了给我打电话。) | No pets allowed in the building.(楼内不允许携带宠物。) |
| Don't smoke! 禁止吸烟 | No smoking! 不要吸烟 |
| Don't turn left.禁止左转 | No left turn.不许左转 |
| Don't turn right.禁止右转 | No right turn.不许右转 |
| Don't make a U-turn.禁止调头 | No U-turn.不准调头 |
| Don't park.禁止停车 | No parking.不准停车 |
结论:Don't 否定动词,No 否定名词!
Don't 语气更强烈一些,可翻译为:不准; No 语气弱一点,可翻译为:不要