Lesson 1 A Private Conversation 私人谈话

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上周杰克去了电影院。他选了个很不错的位置。那部电影非常有趣。但杰克却不喜欢它。一个年轻男子和一个年轻女子坐在他身后。他们大声交谈着。杰克非常生气。他听不见演员的表演了。他转过身去。他愤怒地看着那个男子和那个女子。他们根本不在乎。最后,杰克再也无法忍受了。他又转过身去。“我什么都听不到了!”他生气地说道。“这不关你的事,”那个年轻男子粗鲁地说,“这是私人谈话!”

Last week Jack visited the cinema. He had a very good place. The movie was very interesting. Jack did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind him. They were speaking loudly. Jack got very angry. He could not hear the actors. He turned around. He looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not care at all. In the end, Jack could not stand it. He turned around again. "I cannot hear anything!" he said angrily. "It is not your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private talk!"
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本课重点词汇

11 个相关单词

private *

/ ˈpraɪvət / adj. 私人的

conversation

/ ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃ(ə)n / n. 谈话

theatre

/ ˈθɪətə(r) / n. 剧场,戏院

seat *

/ siːt / n. 座位

angry

/ ˈæŋɡri / adj. 生气的

attention *

/ əˈtenʃ(ə)n / n. 注意

angrily

/ ˈæŋɡrəli / adv. 生气地

bear *

/ beə(r) / v. 容忍

business *

/ ˈbɪznəs / n.

rudely

/ ˈruːdli / adv. 无礼地,粗鲁地

play *

/ pleɪ / n.

课文理解 简单陈述句

更新于:2026-03-13 10:02:35
8

Last week I went to the theatre.  主谓(一般过去时)

go to the 地点 表示去某地(做什么)
  • go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play 去剧院(看戏)
  • go to the cinema = see a film 去电影院(看电影)
  • go to the dairy 去牛奶店(买牛奶)
人/职业 + 's  去这个人(家里、店铺、公司等)

部分名词前不加冠词(强调特有功能:医院=看病、学校=上学)

  • go home 回家(home 地点副词直接修饰动词go)
  • I am at home. 在家(be 动词表状态)
  • go fishing 钓鱼
  • go skiing 滑雪
  • go swimming 游泳
  • go dancing 跳舞
强调功能时 强调地点时(工作、学习、生活等) 特指地点
  • go to school 去学校(上学)
  • go to church 去教堂(做礼拜)
  • go to hospital 去医院(看病)
  • go to bed 上床(睡觉)
  • work at a park.在一个公园上班
  • work at a hospital. 在一个医院上班
  • work at a restaurant. 在一家餐馆上班
  • play at the park / zoo / playground.
  • work at the shop. 在商店上班
  • be shopping in the market. 在这市场购物
  • go to the school. 去学校(办事、上班)
  • go to the hospital. 去医院(看望朋友、办事)

句型结构

Last week I went to the theatre
时间状语(什么时间) 主语(谁) 谓语(做什么) 地点状语(什么地点)

I had a very good seat. 主谓宾 = I had a seat.

seat n.座位、席位,职位

have a seat. 请坐
  • Sit down Please. = Please sit down.
  • Take a seat, please.

The play was very interesting. 主系表

The play was very interesting
主语 系动词 表语
课文的开始使用了3 种不同的简单句结构,在英语中这些结构使用频率较高。

I did not enjoy it. 主谓宾

陈述句 否定句
I enjoyed it. 主++宾 I did not enjoy it.主++宾

enjoy + n. = 喜欢(从当中得到一种享受)

  • enjoy the music / book / class.
  • enjoy the dinner / film / program / game
enjoy oneself (玩的开心) enjoy + doing
  • Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming.(否定)
  • She enjoys going to the theatre.(三单)

A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. 主谓(过去进行时)

behind prep.在(或向)…的后面(介词后面要接词,所以: 在 ... 的后面写成 behind sth./sb.)

  • I put one of the cushions behind his head.  我把其中一个垫子放在了他脑后。
  • They were parked behind the truck. 它们被停在了卡车后面。
A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me
主语 谓语(过去进行时) 地点状语

They were talking loudly. 主谓

They were talking loudly
主语 谓语(过去进行时)  副词(修饰前面动词)

I got ... angry. 主系表

get angry 变得生气

  • Things got bad recently. 事情糟糕了。
  • I was ill, but l'm getting better. 我生病了,但我正在好转。
I am/was angry. be动词表状态,生气已是一个事实
get/got angry. 强调变化过程
It is/was hot. 天气热
get/got hot. 天气变得好热
got 可取代 be 动词做为一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词组成【主系表】结构,表:逐渐变得...

I turned round. 我转过身来。

round adv. 旋转,环绕 around adv. 围绕,环绕
I turned round.  我转过身去(上半身转过去) I turned around. 我转过身去(转一圈)

In the end, I could not bear it.(can的过去式)

in the end 最后,终于 She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.
她努力自己完成家庭作业。最后,她不得不向她哥哥求助。
at last 终于,最后 At last he had his own wheels.他终于有了自己的汽车。
finally 终于\总之\最后\决定性地 Finally she drifted into sleep.最后她不知不觉地睡着了。
eventually 最终,结果 Troops eventually quelled the unrest.部队最终镇压了动乱。

It's none of your business. 关你屁事

none of ... 都不(大于三者)

  • None of them could sing in tune.他们中没有一个人能唱得合调。
  • She has lost none of her naivety她丝毫没有失去那份天真烂漫。
  • None of us can foretell what lies ahead. 我们谁都不能预知未来。
none 全无(强调全都无) neither of ... 都没有 (两者之间)
She kept none of his letters. 他的信件她一封也没有保留。 Neither of us had ever skied.我们俩谁也没有滑过雪。
no one 没有任何人(等于nobody) not any 没有任何的
No one doubted his ability.没有人怀疑他的能力。 Not any more 不再(等于 no more)

one’s business 指某人(所关心的或份内)的事

  • It's none of your business?关你什么事?
  • None of your business. 和你没关系。
  • It's my business. 这是我自己的事。
  • It is my business to look after your health. 我必须照顾你的身体健康。
some of ......中的一些 We showed them some of our photos. 我们给他们看了我们的一些照片。
none of ... ...都不 None of the passengers and crew were injured. 没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。
All of ... ...中所有 Did you eat all of them? 你都吃光了吗?
both of ... ...两者都 Both of my kids are at primary school. 我的两个孩子都在上小学。
one of ... ...中的一个 He's one of my dearest friends. 他是我最亲密的一位朋友。

语法知识 简单句

更新于:2026-03-13 10:02:35
8

英文中的句子分类

想要学好语言,我们需要连词成句,只要把句子组织好了,我们的语言也就Ok了,句子一般有下面两种分类方式:
结构划分 简单句(Simple Sentence) I like to study.
并列句(Compound Sentence) I like to study, but I don't like exams.
复合句(Complex Sentence) Because the weather is nice, we decided to go to the park.
用途划分 陈述句(Declarative Sentence) I finished my homework today.
疑问句(Interrogative Sentence) Do you have time tomorrow?
祈使句(Imperative Sentence) Please give me a glass of water.
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence) What a beautiful scenery!

简单句

简单句在英文中就是最基本的句子,只用于描述“一件事”。简单句的构成在新一中解释了多次,我们再来回顾一下简单句的“五种基本结构”:
结构 例句
主 + 谓 vi. I study. 无动作的承受者
主 + 谓 vt. + 宾 He eats an apple. 宾语承受主语发出的动作
主 + 谓 vt. + 宾 + 宾 I give him a gift. 有2个承受动作的宾语(人通常是间接宾语直接宾语通常是物)
主 + 谓 vt. + 宾 + 宾补 She finds this city very modern宾语承受动作,补语是对宾语进行了补充说明
主 + 系 + 表 The cat looks cute.通过系动词将表语与主语联系起来,说明当前主语的状态。
想要描述“一件事”需要两大要素:“物质(名词 n.)+运动(动词 v.)”。主语是发出谓语的人、事物(名词 n.)、宾语是承受动作(动词 v.)的人、事物(名词 n.)

主系表

英文的句子中必须要有一个谓语动词,否则就不能符合英文的语法,为了解决这样的不符合逻辑的情况,在英文中产生了专门用于将主语与表语连接在一起的动词,即:系动词。起一个连系作用,是为了满足英文语法而存在的,不产生其它意思(需要有时我们翻译为“是、在”)。所以这里的结构变成了“主+系+表”。系动词还是一个动词,但已没有实际的意思和动作,系动词是用于帮助构成一个句子的。为了体再这个动词无实义、无动作,所以这里修改了一个名字“系动词”。

系动词

Be 动词单独出现)
  • I am Kowk.
  • I am studying English.
get 、become 、turn 、go 、grow ...(当翻译为“变得” 时)
  • He gets very angry.
  • He got a new car.
look 、sound 、smell、 taste、 feel ...(感观动词)
  • She looks beautiful.
  • She looks at me.

上面的感观动词翻译为“look 看起来/sound 听起来/smell 闻起来/taste 品尝起来/feel 感觉起来…”时为系动词。

还有更多的系动词将在今后的学习中出现,当实义动词为系动词时需要满足一定的条件,所以不是太常用,我们主要还是以“Be 动词”为主。所以我们的重点是了解当“Be 动词”单独出现时则为“主系表”结构。

动词的 vi. / vt.

vi. 不及物 vt. 及物
自主完成,无需要动词的承受者: 散步、远足、游泳、呼吸 需要一个动词的承受者:(苹果)、爱(学习)、想(你)、打(人)
如果我们还不知道这个动词的词意的时候,可以通过分析后面是否有一个“介词”来判断是否及物。如果这个动词及物后面可以直接加名词/代词,反之不及物动词则需要一个中介、媒介(介词)来帮助它,如:I look at you. 这里的look 是一个不及物动词,所以我们需要一个介词 at 与 宾语 you 连接。

简单句的变化

简单句的变化前提是,基本结构不变的情况下,加入很多辅助的成分,让句子内容变长、变难(使用更多的修饰让句子更丰富)
句型 句子的变换 修饰方法
陈述句 Birds fly. 主+谓 Little birds fly happily. 形容词Littl修改名词birds,副词happily修饰动词fly
改变时态 Birds will fly. 主+谓 In autumn birds will fly in the sky. 时间介词短语、地点介词短语
否定句 Birds will not fly. 主+谓 In autumn little birds will not fly happily in the sky. 加入全部修饰

单词句型 句子的语序

更新于:2026-01-08 08:11:34
4
时间状语 主语 谓语/系动词 宾语 状语(介词/副词短语) 地点状语 时间状语
When? Who / Which / What? What / How? Who / Which / What? How Where When
Last week I went - to the theatre. Last week
had a very good seat. -
The play was - very interesting. -
I did not enjoy it. -
A young man and a young woman were sitting - behind me.
They were talking - loudly. -

简单陈述句的变化(谓语动词的变化)

一个句子中,核心的部分就是“一主 + 一谓”来说明一件事,将来的长难句中,我们可以通过区别谓语动词来分析一句话说了几件事。谓语动词做为核心。
时态 语态 情态 否定
They were talking loudly. It was bought by my grandfather. I could not hear the actors. I did not enjoy it.
谓语动词“三态一否”包括了:“时态变化、语态的变化、情态的变化、与否定形式”。谓语动词不特指某一个单词,我们在“三态一否”中要把谓语动词看着是一个集合(短语、语法块 chunck ...)。

练习 请根据上述表格顺序将下面的内容组成正确的句子

  1. the film 、enjoyed、yesterday、I
  2. the news、listened to、carefully、She
  3. well、The boy、 the piano、played
  4. games 、played、yesterday、 in their room、The children、quietly
  5. quietly 、the door、He、opened
  6. immediately 、left、He
  7. a tree 、in the corner、 of the Church 、The vicar、planted
  8. before lunch 、the letter 、in his office 、quickly 、He、read
  9. this morning、a book 、I、from the library、borrowed
  10. the soup、 spoilt、The cook
  11. There 、a lot of people、are、at the bus stop
  12. We 、at home 、stay、on Sundays
  13. The little boy、an apple、this morning 、ate、greedily、in the kitchen
  14. She、 beautifully、draws
  15. music、 likes、very much、She
  16. a new school、 built、they、 in our village、last year
  17. The match、at four o'clock、ended
  18. She 、a letter、 from her brother、 last week、received

扩展知识 简单陈述句分类

更新于:2024-12-05 12:22:42
5

五大分类

男女主角相遇了,男生对女生说,你很漂亮、也很有趣,所以我想告诉你一个秘密:“我爱你~”
句子 结构
They meet. 主+谓
I love you. 主+谓+宾
I tell you a secret. 主+谓+双宾
I find you interesting. 主+谓+宾+宾补
You are beautiful. 主+系+表

不规则动词的变化 §

原型 过去式 过去分词 现在分词留空表按规则变化
go went gone  
have had having
do did done  
be was/were been  
sit sat sitting
get got got/gotten getting
pay paid  
bear bore borne  
say said  
过去式只用于“一般过去时”里。而过去分词可以用于“完成时态”、“被动语态”、“非谓语”等。

词汇延展 Pattern drill

更新于:2026-07-17 03:54:36
6
语料 walk across the stage slow
问句 How did she walk across the stage?
回答 She walked very slowly across the stage.
语料 Behave at the theatre rude/bad
问句
回答
语料 Drive  through the park quick/slow
问句
回答
语料 Sleep  on the train sound/quiet
问句
回答
语料 listen to his story patient/careful
问句
回答

反问练习

语料 hear the radio  
问句
回答
语料 hear the actors  
问句
回答
语料 see those men  
问句
回答
语料 see the theatre  
问句
回答
语料 see the policeman  
问句
回答
语料 see her house  
问句
回答
语料 hear the rain  
问句
回答
语料 see the theatre  
问句
回答
语料 hear his voice  
问句
回答
语料 hear some music  
问句
回答

表达顺序练习

语料 last night a good talk on the radio saw/heard
造句
语料 just now a voice/knock at the door
造句
语料 last night a cry/shout outside
造句
语料 at lunch a fly/hair in my soup
造句
语料 last week a camel/monkey at the zoo
造句

反义疑问句

语料 see the race large crowd
问句
回答
语料 read the letter small/bad writing
问句
回答
语料 see her face poor/bad light
问句
回答
语料 swim in the lake could/deep water
问句
回答
语料 finish your lunch hot/salty food
问句
回答

练习题

共有 5 题需要完成
  1. did the writer feel? Angry. 单选题
    A、 Where
    B、 Why
    C、 How
    D、 When
  2. The writer could not bear it. He could not it. 单选题
    A、 carry
    B、 suffer
    C、 stand
    D、 lift
  3. The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily . 单选题
    A、 and they stopped talking
    B、 but they didn't stop talking
    C、 but they didn't notice him
    D、 but they looked at him rudely
  4. The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting them. 单选题
    A、 before
    B、 above
    C、 ahead of
    D、 in front of
  5. The young man and the young woman paid attention to the writer. 单选题
    A、 none
    B、 any
    C、 not any
    D、 no