Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark卡蒂萨克”号帆船虚拟条件句 Be used to do

One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich.

The + 轮船的名词 ^{同位语可省略The}

• The loss of the Titanic
• The Cutty Sark ^{“卡蒂萨克”号帆船}
• the Vasa   ^(NCE4-27)
• The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. ^{同位语可省略The}
• The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. ^{同位语可省略The}

In / at + 城市

• in + 大城市 ^{（ 参考点地球）}
• at + 小城市 ^{（ 参考点地球）}

She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year.

She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.

serve as ^{充当，担任：扮演某种角色或起到某种作用。}

• This room can serve as a study.
• Her death should serve as a warning to other young people.
• Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, ... ^NCE4-7

reminder ^{(souvenir memo 记念品、备忘录 ...) 提醒物、引起回忆的事物（使人回忆起“当动词翻译”）}

• Alison's story is a reminder of how vulnerable women can be in what is still essentially a man's world.  ^{艾莉森的故事提醒我们，在这个基本上仍然是男人的世界里，女性是多么脆弱}

serve / act as a reminder = be a reminder ^{使人回忆起}

• It is a reminder that in certain ways the Fathers' minds were different. ^{当然，那提醒了我们，建国者在很多方面都有不同的想法。}
• The drop in stock prices serves / acts as a reminder that investing is a form of gambling.^{股票价格的下跌提醒人们，投资是一种赌博。}
• The accident served / acted as a timely reminder of just how dangerous speeding can be. ^{这起事故及时地提醒人们超速行驶是多么危险。}

Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia.

be replaced by ... ^{被…所取代：指某个人或物被另一个人或物所替代或代替。}

• The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $500,000 home. ^NCE3-45

The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built.

• At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built...

one of + 复数名词 + who / which / that + 谓语动词^{（单复数均可、但 the one of 必须用单数）}

• One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives.
• Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

 The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae.

match ^{v. 与…相匹敌，是…的对手}

• No one can match the unknown archer.
• The two teams are well matched. ^{这两个队势均力敌。}

match ... in / for ... ^{在某个方面与某人某物相匹敌}

• You can't match him in knowledge of wild plants. ^{在野生植物知识方面，你比不上他。}
• But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. ^NCE3-44

Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18^th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.

动词 + on + sth. ^开始某事

• We started out on a 20-mile walk. ^{开始20英里的徒步}
• She had come on a visit to England. ^{开始去英国的旅行}
• After a day or so we will go on an excursion.  ^{开始短途旅行}

This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind.

go on ^{延续、待续}

• Peace negotiations are still going on.
• His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep.

It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.

the beginning / dawn / dawning of a new era ^{新时代的开始}

• Is this the beginning of a new era in industrial robotics? ^{这是新的工业机器人的开始吗？}

The race was a landmark in the history of shipping.
造句：The foundation of the People's Republic of China marked the end of the new-democratic revolution and the beginning of a new era of the socialist revolution and construction. ^{中华人民共和国的成立标志着新民主主义革命 的结束和社会主义革命和建设的新时代的开始。}

The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead.

the first, the second, the next, the last,the best, the only…..^{后常跟不定式作定语}

• When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman.
• The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour.
• You are the second to ask me that question.
• The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches.
• The last creature to compete with man was the mosquito. ^NCE4-45
• The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal, so they insured it for the trip.
• The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae.

the lead ^领先

• take (over) the lead (from ...) ^{获得领先地位}
• lose the lead (to ...) ^{丢失领先地位}
• ..., but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took (over) the lead (from. the Thermopylae). ^替换
• ..., but on the Indian Ocean, the Thermopylae lost the lead (to the Cutty Sark).  ^替换
• Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead.

It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck.

It looked / seemed / appeared certain that there would be an exciting race across the Channel, but Latham failed to get up early enough.^{看似肯定会有一场激动人心的穿越海峡的竞速比赛了，但是莱瑟姆未能起得足够早。}
It looked / seemed / appeared as if / as though there would be an exciting race across the Channel, but Latham failed to get up early enough.^{看似好像会有一场激动人心的穿越海峡的竞速比赛了，但是莱瑟姆未能起得足够早。}

In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.

strike (struck struck)  ^{v.敲击、重击}

• The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. ^打点报时
• It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.  ^敲击
• On strike ^罢工
• One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.
• The family was struck by yet another tragedy. ^{这个家庭又遭遇了一场悲剧。}

be caught in ... ^{遭遇...赶上了...}

• We were caught in a heavy storm / a traffic jam.

heavy / severe / violent / devastating / disastrous storm ^{猛烈的/猛烈的/毁灭性的/灾难性的风暴}

• The ship was assailed by a severe storm. ^{船遭到狂风暴雨的袭击。}

In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm and during the storm her rudder was torn away. ^并列结构

• A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles.

tear sth. away / off / up ... ^{把某物撕掉……}

• The flag was torn away from the pole by the strong wind.
• High winds nearly tore the roof off.
• The storm had torn the old tree up by the roots.

The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.

roll heavily / violently from side to side / to and fro ^{重重地/猛烈地左右/前后滚动}

• The ship was rolling heavily to and fro.
• The plane rolled violently from side to side in the storm.

from side to side ^{来来回回的（习语）}

• His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.
• sell sth. from door to door  ^{挨家挨户推销某物}
• read sth. from cover to cover ^{把某物从头读到尾}
• vary from person to person ^{因人而异：指不同的人有不同的看法、经历或反应。}
• improve from day to day ^{每天都在进步(日渐改善)}

A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty.

on board ^{在船上（或飞机上、火车上）：指在船、飞机或火车内部。}

• Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and ...
• Everybody on board was worried, and we were curious to find out what had happened. ^在飞机上
• There was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.

a spare key / battery / tire ... ^{备用钥匙/电池/轮胎……}

• Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and ...
• In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes.

with great difficulty = very difficultly ^{非常困难地}

• The Officer went through the case with great care (= very carefully).^{非常小心地：非常仔细地。}
• With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.

This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. ^假设过去

there is / was a danger that ... ^{某种不好的事有可能会发生}

• There was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again. ^NCE3-43
• There is a danger that the political disorder of the past will return. ^{过去的政治混乱有可能卷土重来。}
• There is a danger that museums will attempt to entertain rather than educate. ^{博物馆有可能试图去取悦而不是教育（来访者）。}

造句：There was a danger that if Mrs. Ramsay went to the police, she would never see Rastus again. ^{如果 Ramsay 夫人报警，她可能就再也看不到 Rastus了。}

Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead.

Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her / the lead to the Thermopylae.
Because of this, the Thermopylae took (over) the lead from the Cutty Sark.

After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.

by now ^{到目前为止，此时或之前（讲述过去用 by now 让读者有身临其境的感受）}

• I had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me. ^NCE3-57

ahead ^{adv.在前面，朝前面；领先}

• ..., but by now the Thermopylae was over 500 miles ahead (of the Cutty Sark / her). ^强调

Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win.

speed 的介词搭配

tremendous ^{adj.巨大的，极大的；极好的，精彩的；令人望而生畏的，可怕的}

• In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
• The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.

at (a) fantastic speed ^{以惊人的速度}

• The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed.

She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae.

时间 + after / before + sth. ^{某物多久之后/之前}

• Four days after setting out, while the Titanic ...
• Three days after Rastus' disappearance, Mrs Ramsay received an anonymous letter.
• A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.

Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays.

considering ^{prep. & conj. 考虑到...}

• Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one!

There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

doubt about ^{对…表示怀疑：对某事物或某人表示怀疑，不确定其真实性或可靠性。}

• I'm rather in doubt about his explanation of this question. ^{我对他对这个问题的解释相当怀疑。}

there is no doubt that ... ^{毫无疑问的是…：表示对某事毫无疑问，没有任何怀疑。}

• There is no doubt that XXX is a great hero.^{毫无疑问，XXX是一位伟大的英雄。}
• There's no doubt that one day a cure will be found.^{毫无疑问，总有一天会找到治疗方法的。}

undoubtedly  ^{adv.无疑，肯定}

• She was undoubtedly the best candidate.
• Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.

needless to say, ... ^毫无疑问

• Needless to say, the man's name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz's long-lost brother.

it goes without saying that... ^{显而易见，毫无疑问}

• It goes without saying that home is the warmest place in the world.

与过去事实相反的“IF”型的虚拟 

• ... she would have won the Thermopylae easily.  → ... she would have beaten / defeated the Thermopylae easily. 

造句：There is no doubt that if the Titanic had not been hit by the iceberg, she would have reached her destination intact. ^{毫无疑问，如果泰坦尼克号没有撞到冰山，她将抵达目的地而毫发无伤。}