When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.
When you visit New York, one of the first things you will see is the Statue of Liberty, the famous statue which can been seen in many movies.
当你游览纽约时，首先看到的东西之 一就是自由女神像，即那座在很多电 影中都能看到的著名的雕像。
断开句子 找连接词、分析主谓
When you visit Beijing, one of the first things you will see is the Bird’s Nest, the famous stadium where the 29th Olympic Games were held.
当你游览北京时，首先看到的东西 之一就是鸟巢，即第29届奥运会在 那儿举行的著名的体育馆。
| When | you visit London, | one of the first things | you | will see | is Big Ben, | the famous clock | which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. |
| 引导时间状语从句 | 主语A | 主语B | 谓语B | 谓语A | 先行词 | 定语从句 | |
| 时间状语主句（主主谓谓 中间是从句） | 同位语(进一步解释说明The Big Ben) | ||||||
If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.
burn down （使）烧成平地，烧毁
- The hospital was burned down last month.
if虚拟条件句（假设过去）§
| 从句 | 主句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| had done | would have done | If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. (如果我当时努力学习了，我就会通过考试。) |
| had been done | would have been done | If the repairs had been done on time, the car would have been ready for the trip. (如果修理及时完成了，汽车就会准备好进行旅行了。) |
| had not been done | would never have been done | If the repairs had not been done on time, the car would never have been ready for the trip. 如果修理没有及时完成，汽车将永远无法准备好出行 |
Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.
take one’s name from 以…命名 = be named after/for …
- The boy was named after his uncle.
Sir 用于英国人的全名（或名字）之前时表示“爵士（源自 knight，与贵族不一样，而是因卓越的贡献被国王封赏的头衔）”（不单独用于姓之前），如 Sir John Gilbert（约翰.吉尔伯特爵士）或 Sir John（约翰爵士），但不能称为 Sir Gilbert（岳爵士 V.S. 岳飞爵士）。
| duke n. 公爵（☆☆☆☆☆） | The duke owned a large castle. 这位公爵拥有一座巨大的城堡。 |
|---|---|
| marquis n. 侯爵（☆☆☆☆） | The marquis ruled over this region. 侯爵管辖这片区域。 |
| earl n. 伯爵（☆☆☆） | The earl invited many nobles to his party. 伯爵邀请众多贵族参加宴会。 |
| viscount n. 子爵（☆☆） | The viscount helped the poor villagers. 这位子爵帮助贫苦村民。 |
| baron n. 男爵（☆） | The baron lived in a small manor. 男爵住在一处小庄园里。 |
be responsible for 对…需负责任/承担责任的
- Who is responsible for the accident?
- John is responsible for the building of the bridge.
- So far, no organization has claimed to be responsible for the accident.
- Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.
| Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall | who was responsible for the making of the clock | when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. |
| 时间状语主句 | 定语从句 | 时间状语从句 |
| Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hal,when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. (去掉定语从句后意思不完整) | ||
It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.
of + 名词 描述人或事物的特征（后置定语当形容词修饰作用）
- a ship of 46,000 tons
- a man of wide social relations
- a man of middle height = The man is of middle height.
- a girl of remarkable imagination = The girl is of remarkable imagination.
| of + n. 可以表属性与状语 | be of… 表示人或物的特征 |
|---|---|
|
|
Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.
have + 名词/宾语代词 + done 使役式表示对某物（或某人）
| official n. 官员，公务员，高级官员 |
|
|---|---|
| employee n. 雇员，雇工（包括各个层次的） | Later he became a government employee. |
| shop assistant 零售店的店员（美语中用 salesclerk） | The shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. |
On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.
be connected to/with … 与…相连；与…有关 = be linked to/with
- This wire is connected to the power supply. 这根电线连接着电源。
- The disease is linked to bad eating habits. 这种疾病与不良饮食习惯有关。
分解长难句 从句找到后先放一边，先看主句。
| On the B.B.C. | you can hear the clock | when it is actually striking | because microphones are connected to the clock tower. |
| 地点状语 | 时间状语主句 | 时间状语从句 | 原因状语从句 |
| 原因状语主句 | |||
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.
go wrong （机器等）发生故障，出毛病
- My watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong.
- Something has gone wrong with my car.
- Something went wrong with the machine. 机器出故障了。
| go mad 发疯；发狂 | He almost went mad after hearing the news. 听到消息后他几乎要发疯。 |
|---|---|
| go blind 失明 | The old man went blind at the age of eighty. 这位老人八十岁时失明了。 |
| go deaf 变聋 | He went deaf because of the loud noise. 巨大的噪音让他变聋了。 |
Once , however, it failed to give the correct time.
give the correct time (给出正确的时间)报时
- During this time, they will give five performances. §
fail to do … 没有能够做成某事
- He failed to pass the exam. 他没能通过这次考试。
| can’t fail to do … 一定能做成某事 | You can’t fail to see the difference. 你一定能看出其中的差别。 |
|---|---|
| never fail to do … 总是能做成某事；总会 | She never fails to keep her promise. 她总能遵守承诺。 |
A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
| 先找从句，重点是知道从句在哪里结束(从句在第二个谓语动词之前结束) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A painter | who had been working on the tower | hung a pot of paint on one of the hands | and | slowed it down! |
| 先行词 | 定语从句 | 谓 + 宾 | 并列 | 谓 + 宾 |
| 主语 | ||||
slow down （使…）慢下来/减速（可分开使用）
- He slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic.