Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza丹尼尔 • 门多萨强调句 人物传记

Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.

matche ^{n.比赛（双方对垒的比赛）}

• a boxing / basketball / football / volleyball match. ^{两个人、两个队伍比个高下}
• It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.
• a car / boat / horse / swimming race ^{与速度有关的比赛}
• The Nicest Garden Competition ^集体比赛
•  He quickly won his party's nomination to contest the elections.  ^{他迅速赢得了其党派的提名来参加竞选。}

In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. 

with bare fists ^{赤手空拳（没有戴手套）}

• with naked fists ^手无寸铁
• with one's bare hands ^{赤手空拳（没有拿武器）}

Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'.

表“因为”的连词 ^{引导原因状语从句}

• because ...
• since ...
• as...
• for ... ^{不用于句首}
• in that... ^{不用于句首（庄严的书面语）}
• now (that) ... ^{同时强调时间与原因（要用现在时）}

表“因为”的介词 ^{后接名词、代词、动名词}

• because of ... 
• due to ...
• by reason of... ^{书面语常用}
• owing to ...
• thanks to ... ^{（也可以表幸亏但后面是可以跟倒霉的事）}
• on account of ... ^口语常用

know A as B ^{被认为是，被称为；以…而著称}

• He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.

refer to A as B ^{把…称作…}

• People who work in offices are frequently referred to as 'white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.

call A B ^称A为B

• From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf.

address A as B ^把A当作B

• He wanted to be addressed as  'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf.

However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.

One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.

colorful  ^{本句中表 interesting, exciting, vivid}

• Besides, they make the school lively and colorful. ^{此外，他们使学校生动多彩。}
• Some present the lives of colorful mathematicians. ^{其中一些展示了丰富多彩的数学家的生活。}
• The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. ^{传统的婚礼是一件持续时间长而华美的喜事。}

figure ^{本句中的意思 character, personality}

• Someone who is referred to as a figure of a particular kind is a person who is well-known and important in some way. ^重要人物
• The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties. ^{这场运动由3个主要政党的重要人物支持。}
• I just wanna be a person, not a personality.

The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.

The use of gloves ^{手套的使用（use 做名词更庄严）}

• You can use my laptop freely. ^{v. 使用}
• The use of my laptop is welcome. ^{n. (欢迎)使用(无灵主语)}
• The bar is for the use of members only. ^{酒吧仅供会员使用。}
• The use of the correct materials was crucial. ^{使用合适材料是重要的。}
• He said the use of force would be inadmissible. ^{他说使用武力是万万不可的。}
• I'd like the use of your living room, if I may. ^{如果可以，我想用用你的起居室。}

introduce ^{v. 开始推行；开始采用}

• New safety measures will be introduced next month. ^被采用
•  

draw up ^起草

• I've drawn up a list of candidates that I'd like to interview.

造句：The liberation of the Chinese people was not achieved until 1949, when Chairman Mao proclaimed the foundation of the People's Republic of China. ^{直到毛主席1949年宣布中华人民共和国成立，中国人民才获得了解放。}

Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. ^{重要信息放主句（名字）、从句用代词(he)}

change ... into ... ^{改变…成…}

• She could change into a different outfit in two minutes.^{她能在两分钟内换上一套不同的衣服。}

exchange ... for ... ^{交换…为…}

• For example, farmers brought a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.^{例如，农民带了一袋粮食来换取一张票。}

造句：Though it is technically a book, the Bible does much to change the crude world into a civilized one, for it brings faith to humanity.^{尽管严格地说只是一本书，但圣经在把这个粗鄙的世界变成一个文明世界方面却做出了很大贡献，因为它给人类带来了信仰。}

In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. 

somebody's day ^{某人走运之日、得意之时}

• Every dog has his day. ^{凡人皆有得意日、瓦片也有翻身时、狗也有走运的一天}
• Don't be disappointed: your day will come.

enjoy tremendous popularity ^{享有极高的声望、盛誉}

• Jay Chou enjoys tremendous popularity among the young.

He was adored by rich and poor alike.

rich and poor = the rich + and poor ^{并称时去掉"the"}

• young and old ^{年轻人和老年人}
• the rich and powerful ^{权贵（有钱有势的一种人）}

alike ^{一样的、同样的 in the same way}

• The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike.^{（东亚、中东地区的气候）}

Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.

rise to fame ^{声名鹊起(固定搭配，当单词记)}

• She first rose to fame as a singer at the age of 16.
• The rise to fame was swift.

make a name for oneself ^成名

• He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.

become famous overnight ^一夜成名

• With the success of their first record, they became famous overnight.

This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England.

He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to leam.

offer to do ^{主动提出做某事}

• In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
• They raised their offer to $500. ^{他们将出价抬高到500元。}

pupil ^{小学生、门徒(apprentice 徒弟)}

• Amy was a pupil in Grade Three.^{艾米是一名三年级的学生。}
• The painting is by a pupil of Rembrandt.^{这幅画为伦勃朗的一位弟子所作。}

In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. §

turn (sb.) against ... ^{使(某人)反对…(反目成仇)}

• The wicked woman is trying to turn the boy against his father. ^{儿子与他父亲反目}

... soon became so successful that Humphries became jealous of him. ^嫉妒
... soon became so successful as to arouse Humphries' jealousy.  ^{激起了妒嫉}

The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.

A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour.

A match was held at Stilton, and both men fought for an hour there. ^{使用并列句啰嗦}

The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.

win ^{赢得了(奖金、奖牌)，宾语不能是对方的人、队伍}

• We finally won that team. ^{不能赢得了球队（球队是我们的了~）}
• We finally beat that team.
• We finally defeated that team.
• We finally won the game. ^赢得比赛
• We finally won the prize. ^赢得奖金

Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.

ring ^{术语 （有上下文）boxing ring}

• By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety.

on / upon the occasion of ^{在...的场合上、中、下（不能用in）}

• on / upon the occasion of his daughter's wedding

for a second time = for another time ^{本文中（又一次，看前面有几次,换second即可）}

• Everyone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man.

It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. ^强调句

it was not until ... that ... and ... ^强调时间

造句：It was not until the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 that the Chinese people were finally liberated and became masters of the country.^{直到1949年中华人民共和国成立 中国人民才最终获得了解放并且成了国家的主人。}

Sir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2,400 fathoms in 1839, but it was not until 1869, when H.M.S. Porcupine was put at the disposal of the Royal Society for several cruises, that a series of deep soundings was obtained in the Atlantic and the first samples were collected by dredging the bottom. ^{NCE4-30 it was not until ..., when ..., that ... and ...}

造句：It was not until 1949, when Chairman Mao proclaimed the foundation of the People's Republic of China, that the Chinese people were finally liberated and became masters of the country.^{直到1949年毛主席宣布中华人民 共和国成立，中国人民才最终获得了解放并且成了国家的主人。}

Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils.

highly successful ^{非常成功的}

• A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years.

He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as £ 100 for a single appearance.

Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.

..., he was so extravagant that he always owed people money. ^替换

• I owe you (one). ^{谢谢你～（用于朋友间，这次算我欠你的）}
• How much do I owe you? ^{我欠你多少钱（我应该给你多少钱啊～）}

"How much do I owe you?" "Well, that'll be 18 dollars and 70 cents. No charge for the cleanup. It's on the house."

After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.

He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.

本文体裁：传记^{（biography）}

A biography is defined as a written account of the series of events that make up a person's life.  

• Date and place of birth and death ^{(and Family information) 基本信息}
• Lifetime accomplishments ^取得成就
• Major events of life ^重要事件
• Effects / impact on society, historical significance ^{后人评价、总结}