Lesson 33 Out of the darkness冲出黑暗介词

pass ^{v. 经过，穿过；传递，传送}	past(需配合动词) ^{prep.经过，在…之后；在…的更远处}
He passed my house this morning. ^{他今天早上经过我家。} As she passed the library door, the telephone began to ring. ^{她经过图书馆门口时，电话开始响铃了。} Jane stood aside to let her pass. ^{简站到一边让她过去。}	He walked past my house this morning. ^{他今天早上经过我家。} He told me about his past experiences. ^{他给我讲了他过去的经历。} He seems to live in the past. ^{他似乎活在过去。}
cross ^{v.穿越，横渡} I crossed the street to avoid meeting him...	across ^prep.穿过 It's running across the grass.

pass 和past 的区别主要是词义上的区别，pass 是动词，past为介词，所以需要配合动词一起使用，当一句话中有动词使用past，无动词时使用pass（其过去式、过去分词为 passed）当作及物动词用时，可表示“经过，通过（考试），超过”等，作不及物动词用时可表示“（时间等）消逝”。

…passed before… ^{过了...时间}	sometime later… ^{一段时间以后}
Three days passed before my mother returned.^{强调时间(这么久的时间, 时间状语从句, 后面是从句)} Three months have passed before we knew it.^{不知不觉已过了三个月。}	Three days later, my mother returned. ^{（强调某人做某事，简单句)} Three days passed and then my mother returned. ^{并列句, 既强调某人做某事, 又强调时间(有多久)}

过去完成时通常会与一般过去时的搭配使用，表达过去的过去，即过去完成会比过去时先发生。
时间线：过去完成 → 过去 → 过去将来 / 现在完成 → 现在 → 将来完成 → 将来

be able to ^{强调有能力, 且能够成功(还强调成功)}	can ^{只表示能力}
I was able to swim across the river.	I can swim across the river. ^{我能游过这条河（但没有游过，不知道能不能成功）}

One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.

set out = set off = begin a journey ^出发	set out from… ^从…出发
He set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. I want to begin a journey through the future. ^{我想开始一段穿越未来的旅程。}	She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. Little fox set out from the cave. ^{小狐狸从洞里出发。}

be caught in + 灾难 ^{（突然）遇到/上（风暴等）}	meet ^{遇到、遇见(某人)}
be caught in a earthquake . I was caught in a rain. ^{我遇上了一场雨} As soon as he left, it began to rain. He was caught in a rain when he left. ^{他刚一离开, 就下雨了}	I have just met the man I want to spend the rest of my life with. ^{我刚刚遇到了我想与之共度余生的男人。} He's the kindest and sincerest person I've ever met. ^{他是我见过的最和善、最真诚的人。} Hey, Terry, come and meet my Dad. ^{嗨，特里，过来见见我爸爸。}

Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.

towards evening ^{天越来越晚（逐渐接近）}	towards + n. ^朝...去
When Heidi came home towards evening, Peter generally paid her a visit.^{当海蒂傍晚回家时，彼得通常会去看她。} Towards evening a cold wind sprang up.^{傍晚时分，刮起了一阵冷风。}	He made towards the door. ^{他向门口走去。} He took a step towards the door. ^{他朝门口迈了一步。}

Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

to ^{强调朝那个方向去(静态)}	towards ^{朝那个方向去，强调距离越来越近(动态)}
She went to the window and looked out. ^{她走到窗前向外望去。}	She moved towards the window.^{她朝窗户走去。}

During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.

cover ^{可笼统地表示“行过（一段路程）”}

The bird covered the distance in three minutes.

a distance of + 距离

the red army covered a distance of 25000… ^{两万五千里长征}

Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.

next 表示时间顺序上“紧接的，下一个”，如果以现在为基准，则 next 前一般不加 the；如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准，则 next 前面要加 the 或其他修饰词。

next day ^{第二天(有可能是过去式, 有可能是将来式)}	the other day^(过去时) = a few days ago^(几天前)
Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn’t come to the party.^{第二天玛丽打来电话告诉我们她不能参加晚会了。}	Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London.^{前几天玛丽来电话告诉我们她已到达伦敦。}

On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.

“…up the cliff towards the light…”用两个介词起到动词的作用，up 在此处为介词，表示“沿着…往上”

on + 动名词^{(on + doing 一...就...)}	as soon as = the moment	when/while/as
On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.	As soon as he had got into the car.	While we were having breakfast,our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.

That was all she remembered.

That was all I wanted to say. ^{那就是我想说的全部}
That was all I can do for you. ＝I can do nothing else for you.

When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

主+谓+宾+宾补

find the books tidy ^{发现书摆放得整齐}
I found the books in order.
When I woke up, I found myself in bed.

语法知识表示方向和目的地的介词和副词更新于:2024-01-19 02:51:57

介词通常用于被说明地点与时间，介词的后面可以接名词、代词、doing构成一个介宾短语用于补充说明地点或者时间。§

表示“上^on/up、下 ^off/down”	表示“来 ^come、去 ^go”
Jim’s standing on the roof. I hope he won’t fall off. ^{on 和 off} Tom’s climbing up the tree. I hope he won’t fall down. ^{up 和 down}	The ball was coming towards me. The plane flies from Moscow to New York. ^{一对小品词 from 和 to} He went for home. Did you stop anywhere on your way to the office? ^{去办公室的路上你在别的地方逗留过吗？}
进去 ^into	出来 ^{out of}
He put his hand into his pocket, and took out a phrasebook.	Some children are coming out of the building.

towards^{（强调越来越近）}的意义和 to^{（强调目标）}相近，表示“朝，向，接近”等；for 在有些动词后面也表示“往，向”的意思。

leave for… ^{动身到某地（强调离开，出发）}	set out for… ^{动身到某地}	head for/to ^{前往（强调“去”）}
Yesterday my father left for Tianjin.	He left / set out for New York yesterday.	You'll need to keep a clear head for your interview.^{你面试时需要保持清醒的头脑。}
aim at ^{瞄准(目标)}	fire at^{(瞄准开火)}	throw at ^{朝…扔(投向目标)}
They aim at improving quality rather than increasing quantity. ^{他们的目的在于提高质量而不是增加数量。}	I don't dare fire at that man. ^{我不敢对他开枪。}	So they picked up stones to throw at him. ^{于是他们拿石头要打他。}
表示“在某个地方”或“在…里面/外面”可用 at（含有一种瞄准的概念，方向性），in，out of 等；表示目的地或位置往往用 at。

through ^穿过(洞)	How did you get through the fence? ^{你怎么穿过篱笆的？}
across ^{穿过(平面)}	He is swimming across the river.
under ^{穿过(下面)}	The ship is going under the bridge.
over ^越过	How did you get over the wall?
round ^绕过	If we win a lot of money we'll travel round the world ...

单词句型Prepositions of Movement 更新于:2026-02-02 03:44:11

into: The mouse is going into the box.
out of: The mouse is going out of the box.
around: The cat is walking around the box.
away: The bird is flying away from the box.
toward: The birds are flying toward the box.
past: The bird is flying past the box.
on to/onto: The frog is going to jump onto the box.
off: The frog is going to jump off the box.
over: The frog is going to jump over the box.
under: The snake is going under the wall.
through: The snake is going to go through the pipe.
across: The snake is moving across the bridge.
up: The boy is walking up the stairs.
down: The girl is walking down the stairs.

扩展知识表示地点的介词(prep.) 更新于:2024-01-19 02:47:23

from ^来自...	set out from the coast
to ^去往...	swam to the shore
for^{向、往(强调目的地)}	set out for the village.
towards ^{逐渐接近(动态的)}	towards the light she had seen
into ^{进入(动态的)}	jumped into the sea
out of ^{从里往外(动态的)}	out of darkness

At ^{强调在某个点上(小范围、一维的）}	On ^{强调在平面的上方（中范围、二维的）}	In ^{强调在立体的里面(大范围、三维的)}
I am at home. ^我在家	We were on a hill, right on the edge of town. ^{我们在一座小山上，正好位于城镇边缘。}	They ate in an Italian restaurant in Forth Street. ^{他们在福斯大街的一家意大利餐馆吃了饭。}
arriving at the shore ^{在...点 (静态的)}	on the cliff ^{在...上 (静态的)}	in a small boat / in a storm / in hospital ^{在...里面 (静态的)}

原型 ^(do)	过去式 ^(did)	过去分词 ^(done)	现在分词^(doing)
swim	swam	swum	swimming

cold turkey ^{突然彻底戒掉（恶习）}

Lesson 32 Shopping made easy

Lesson 34 Quick work

Lesson 33 Out of the darkness冲出黑暗介词

与课文关联的单词

darkness

explain ^*

coast ^*

storm

towards ^*

rock ^*

shore

light ^*

ahead ^*

cliff

struggle ^*

hospital ^*

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. ^{一般过去+过去完成}§

One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.

Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.

Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.

cover ^{可笼统地表示“行过（一段路程）”}

a distance of + 距离

Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.

On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.

That was all she remembered.

When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

主+谓+宾+宾补

练习题

Don' + throw the rubbish the window.^（填空）

Please come the classroom and join us.^（填空）

He is in Shanghai, and he will fly Shanghai Beijing.^（单选）

She hopes that she will stand the top of the highest mountain some day.^（填空）

It is impolite to point people.^（填空）

I put the laptop your bag.^（填空）

She swam to the shore the night in the water.^（单选）

How was the shore? Eight miles.^（单选）

That was all she remembered. She couldn't remember .^（单选）

That was all she remembered. She couldn't very much.^（单选）

Lesson 33 Out of the darkness冲出黑暗介词

与课文关联的单词

darkness

explain *

coast *

storm

towards *

rock *

shore

light *

ahead *

cliff

struggle *

hospital *

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 一般过去+过去完成 §

One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.

Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.

Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.

cover 可笼统地表示“行过（一段路程）”

a distance of + 距离

Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.

On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.

That was all she remembered.

When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

主+谓+宾+宾补

练习题

Don' + throw the rubbish the window.（填空）

Please come the classroom and join us.（填空）

He is in Shanghai, and he will fly Shanghai Beijing.（单选）

She hopes that she will stand the top of the highest mountain some day.（填空）

It is impolite to point people.（填空）

I put the laptop your bag.（填空）

She swam to the shore the night in the water.（单选）

How was the shore? Eight miles.（单选）

That was all she remembered. She couldn't remember .（单选）

That was all she remembered. She couldn't very much.（单选）

Lesson 33 Out of the darkness

正在获取视频播放地址... 视频下载

explain ^*

coast ^*

towards ^*

rock ^*

light ^*

ahead ^*

struggle ^*

hospital ^*

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. ^{一般过去+过去完成}§

cover ^{可笼统地表示“行过（一段路程）”}

Don' + throw the rubbish the window.^（填空）

Please come the classroom and join us.^（填空）

He is in Shanghai, and he will fly Shanghai Beijing.^（单选）

She hopes that she will stand the top of the highest mountain some day.^（填空）

It is impolite to point people.^（填空）

I put the laptop your bag.^（填空）

She swam to the shore the night in the water.^（单选）

How was the shore? Eight miles.^（单选）

That was all she remembered. She couldn't remember .^（单选）

That was all she remembered. She couldn't very much.^（单选）