Lesson 28 No parking 禁止停车

Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. §

one of + 名词/代词 ^其中之一

• One of your friends is waiting for you now.^{（of 后面的名词必须是复数，但与这个结构连用的动词必须是单数）}
• He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.^{(the) only one 按单数看，定语从句中出现了 one of 作为先行词, 它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词}

believe ^{vt. 相信，认为}

• Do you believe that cats eat grass?
• I believe that this house is for sale.

定语从句基础例句解析

• I like the girl. / The girl has big eyes. 👉 I like the girl who has big eyes. ^{我喜欢那个长着大眼睛的女孩。（who 指人，做主语）}
• I like the girl. / The girl’s eyes are very big. 👉 I like the girl whose eyes are very big. ^{我喜欢那个眼睛很大（...的）的女孩。（whose 表示所属关系）}
• Please pass me the book. / The book’s cover is green. 👉 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. ^{请把那本封面是绿色的书递给我。（whose 也可修饰物）}
• I don’t like the novel. / You are reading the novel. 👉 I don’t like the novel which you are reading. ^{我不喜欢你正在读的那本小说。（which 指物，做宾语）}
• That was a fault. / The fault couldn’t be forgiven. 👉 That was a fault which couldn’t be forgiven. ^{那是不能被原谅的错误。（which 指物，做主语）}
• Who is the man? / You are talking about the man. 👉 Who is the man who/whom you are talking about? ⇒ Who is the man about whom you are talking?
  ^{注意：that / who 之前不能有介词；若介词提前，指人必须用 whom，指物必须用 which。}

🎬 《生活大爆炸》经典台词实战：
Howard: You’re not going with us.
Sheldon: Why not?
Raj: You’re the guy we’re trying to get away from. ^{(日常口语，介词在后，省去了关系代词)}
Sheldon: Oh. Well, in that case, I don’t need my jacket. And for the record, the correct syntax is ‘I’m the guy from whom you’re trying to get away.’ ^{(谢尔顿的规范语法：介词提前，用 from whom)}

He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.

ever since = since ^{从那以后一直（ever since 的语气比 since 强，主句一般用完成时）}

• I’ve been interested in flying ever since I was a boy.
• He left the village last year and has never returned ever since.

have trouble with sb. ^{和某人相处有麻烦}

• I have trouble with my roommate. ^{我和我的室友有矛盾。}

Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.

because of ^{由于(后面不可以跟从句，只能跟名词、代词或动词 “-ing”)}

• He came back early because of the rain.
• Men always remember love because of romance only. ^{Marlboro 香烟}

be able to ^有能力做

• She was not able to bear children. ^{她不能生育。}
• Are animals able to think? ^{动物会思考吗？}
• You'll be able to win prizes galore. ^{你将会赢得很多奖品。}

be able to 的主语一般都是人, 表示有能力去做；在现在时和过去时中，can/could与 be able to 一般可以互换，但be able to有更灵活的时态。

It is one of the ugliest faces (that) I have ever seen. ^{关系词做宾语(人/物)可以省略}

名词 + (主+谓) = 定语从句^{省略了关系词}

• It is the most shocking news (that) I have ever heard. ^{出现最高级，只能用 that}
• He is one of the most talented people (that) I have ever met.

“I have ever seen” ^{做定语从句, 修饰前边的 faces}

• 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.
• ...the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen.

Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. ^宾语从句

turn sth. to / into… ^{把前者变成后者}

• turn the prince to a frog. ^{王子变青蛙}
• He was turned to a frog. ^{他变成了一只青蛙(被动)}
• They have turned the famous beauty spot to / into an ugly place.^{他们把那个著名的风景区变成了一个丑陋的地方。}

But none of them has been turned to stone yet! ^{现在完成的被动}

none of … ^{三个以上都不，谓语常用单数}

• None of the answers is right. ^{所有答案都不对。}

定语从句 §

• 功能：用一个句子做定语，定义、修饰名词。
• 位置：根据英文的“理让弱小”原则，谁短谁放前面，定语是一个句子，短不了，必须放到被修饰名词的后面。
• 结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 ^{（即：名词 + 连接词 + 定语）}
• 考点：选择使用正确的关系代词。

通过先行词推导关系词

定语从句与宾语从句不一样，宾语从句是缺什么选择什么关系词，而定语从句，只需要看先行词即可；

快速区别限定性与非限定性定语从句：
Lily is a good teacher who is giving a lesson. ^{莉莉是一位正在讲课的好老师。}
Lily is a good teacher, who is giving a lesson. ^{莉莉是一位好老师，(她)正在讲课。Lily, who is giving a lesson now, is a good teacher.}
Lily, who is giving a lesson now, is a good teacher. ^{也可以修饰 Lily，意思同上。}
Lily who is giving a lesson now is a good teacher. ^{正在上课的那个 Lily 是一位好老师（意思变了，暗示有多个叫 Lily 的人）。}

定语从句与关系代词

定语从句像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。分为限定性从句和非限定性关系从句^{（带逗号，如我的爸、妈、爷、奶是固定且唯一的）}。

• I have a book that/which he likes.^{( “book” 为先行词 “that/which” 为关系代词)}

关系代词的两个功能 ^{一是承上, 一是启下(如上句中的 “book” 作从句的宾语)}

• The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.
• I can do anything that I can do. ^{我愿意做我力所能及的事情来帮助你}
• The boat whose name is...
• I have a house whose windows are broken. ^{我有一个房子, 房子的窗户都破了.}

1. The book that/which/- you lent me is not interesting.
2. This is the hotel that/which was built last year.
3. The man who/that/whom/- you met yesterday is an actor.
4. He is the only student who/that understands English well.
5. The flowers which/that/- I love best are roses.
6. The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt.

关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。

that ^专属情况