Lesson 32 A lost ship一艘沉船非限定性定语从句

The salvage operation had been a complete failure.

operation ^{work / activity / action (运作，实施；运转，操作；手术；活动，行动；军事行动；企业，公司；业务，经营 )}

• rescue / relief / cleanup operation ^{救援/救济/清理行动}
• For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning. 

The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home.

the Elkor ^{做同位语时可以不加the}

• The loss of the Titanic
• One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich.

The small ship, Elkor, after she had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. ^{不使用定语从句就要重复主语}

• I have to be very careful not to offend the boss, because he could fire me at any time. ^{原因状语从句} → I have to be very careful not to offend the boss, who could fire me at any time.  ^{前一个词是后一个状语从句的某一个成分}
• The action, although it has aroused universal disapproval, is nevertheless the only solution. ^{让步状语从句} → The action, which has aroused universal disapproval, is nevertheless the only solution.

on one's way (to ...) ^{在某人去...的途中}

• On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain.

造句：Alfred Bloggs, a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation, who had been working for 8 hours on end,was on his way home. ^{在Ellesmere公司工作的垃圾工 AlfredBloggs，在连续工作了8小时之后，正在回家的途中。}

A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search.

radio message ^电报

• radiogram
• telegram

mainland Europe ^欧洲大陆

• mainland China ^中国大陆

instruct sb. to do ... ^{指示某人做…}

• The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
• Mrs. Ramsay was instructed to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door.

instructing him to abandon / stop / cease / abort the search. ^替换

造句：A letter from the kidnappers had been received by the old lady instructing her to pay a ransom of £ 1,000.^{老太太收到绑匪的一封信，命令她支付1,000英镑的赎金。}
造句：An interesting discovery was made by archeologists that an ancient statue of a goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.^{考古学家作出了一个有趣的发现，一尊古代的女神像原来竟是一位看上去很摩登的女郎。}

The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.

make an attempt to do ... ^{试图、尝试做某事}

• The captain knew that his attempt would not be the only attempt（啰嗦）. ^{船长知道他的尝试不会是唯一的尝试。}
• The captain knew that his attempt would not be the only one. ^不够精简
• The captain knew that his would not be the only attempt. ^{his 为名词性物主代词}

Our age is a tragic age. ^重复
Our age is a tragic one. ^啰嗦
Ours is a tragic age. - Shakespeare

• Brevity is beauty. ^{简洁即是美。}

cargo ^{n.（船或飞机装载的）货物}

• The ship carries both freight and passengers. 
• cargo ship / airplane ^{货船、货机}
• freight train ^货运火车

The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.

sea bed ^海底

• sea floor
• sea bottom
• riverbed ^河床
• valley bottom ^{山谷底部（谷低）}
• valley floor ^{山谷底部（谷低）}

tremendous ^{adj. very great adj.巨大的，极大的}

• It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed.
• In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity.
• Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win.
• The response to this competition was tremendous.

on board / aboard ^{在船上、飞机上（欢迎加入某个组织）}

• Everybody on board was worried, and we were curious to find out what had happened.
• A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty.
• On behalf of my crew, I'd like to welcome you aboard British Airways flight 602 from New York to London.^{我谨代表全体工作人员，欢迎你们乘坐英国航空公司从纽约飞往伦敦的602号航班。}

His experience will be valuable to both of us. Welcome aboard, Malcolm!

... people on aboard were very excited ... ^{中文思维（在英文语境下，船上兴奋的只会是人，所以people在这里做主语是多此一举）}

造句：There was tremendous excitement in the studio when the news came.^{消息传来时，演播室里的人们非常激动。}

Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the chest proved them wrong.

be under the impression that ... ^{还以为(在印象中、事实证明是错的)}

• Sorry, I was under the impression that you were the manager. 

give sb. the impression that ... ^{使某人觉得}

• The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me.

be / live under the illusion / delusion that ... ^误以为

• Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.
• The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, even when they have repeatedly been proved wrong. ^NCE3-46
• He was under the illusion that he could finish the project alone. ^{他误以为自己能独自完成这个项目。}
• She lived under the illusion that money could buy happiness. ^{她误以为金钱能买到幸福。}
• They were under the delusion that the market would always rise. ^{他们误以为市场会一直上涨。}
• He lived under the delusion that he was invincible. ^{他误以为自己是无敌的。}

prove + 宾语＋宾补^{（熟练使用宾补，让句子变简洁）}

• The facts proved their worries unnecessary.
• This advice was to prove valuable. ^{这忠告证明是有益的。}

What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before. ^{哑铃型（两头大，中间细）}

造句：What Columbus had in fact found was not India but a new continent which had been inhabited by aborigines for over twenty thousand years.^{哥伦布其实发现的不是印度，而是一个全新的大陆，在那里土著居民 已经居住了 两万多年了。}

The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding.

There were books, clothing and photographs, together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife.

clothes ^{衣物(本身是复数)}

• Fine clothes make a man. ^人靠衣装

clothing ^{n.衣服，（尤指某种）服装（不可数）}

• Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are daily necessities. ^{衣食住行是生活的必须品（英语按音节、单词长度排顺）}

together with ... = along with ... ^{以及、还有...}

• Peter was murdered, together / along with three guards. ^{保安和皮特都被杀了}
• These new facts, together / along with the other evidence, prove the prisoner's innocence. ^{这些新的事实，连同其他证据一起，证明那个囚犯是无辜的。}

The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck.

his men ^{他的手下们}

• The general ordered his men to fire.
• Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks.

subordinate ^{n.部属，下级；从属，次要}

• He left the routine check to one of his subordinates.

superior ^{n.上级，上司}

• I'll pass your complaint on to my superiors.

counterpart ^{n.地位相当的人、对应的人或物}

• The sales director phoned her counterpart in the other firm.

the grassroots ^{n.草根、底层、基层}

• This official was promoted from the grass roots.^{这名干部是从基层提拔上来的。}

the wreck ^{失事的(船、飞机等)}

• shipwreck ^{n.海难；遇难船}
• Poor man! — mentally a wreck. ^{可怜的家伙、一个脑残}

Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest.

of + 名词 ^{描述人或事物的特征}

• a man of middle height ^定语 ⇒ The man is of middle height. ^表语
• a girl of remarkable imagination ^定语 ⇒ The girl is of remarkable imagination. ^表语

numerous / countless ^无数的

• There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food.

From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser.

from ^{prep.考虑到，从…来看/判断}

• From her looks l'd say she was Swedish. ^{从她的长相看，我敢说她是瑞典人。}
• From what I heard the company's in deep trouble. ^{据我所知，这家公司陷入了大麻烦。}
• From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light.

造句：From the fragments of statues, the archaeologists realized that the temple must have been a place of worship. ^{从这些雕像的碎片来看，考古学家们明白了这座庙宇当初肯定是一个祭祀的场所。}

In another chest, which contained the belongings of a ship's officer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14^th, 1943.

... which was dated March 14^th, 1943. ^{替换（上面标记的日期）}

date ^{v.注明日期；确定年代}

• a newspaper dated October 1^st, 2005 ^{2005年10月1日的报纸}
• a girl aged 20 ^{二十岁的女孩}
• a man named John ^{一个叫John的男人}
• a novel entitled Three Kingdoms  ^{一本名为《三国》的小说}

The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen.

The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read.

“名词 + 介词 + 关系代词” 引导非限定性定语从句 ^{用于补充说明（一定是非限制性定语从句）}

不修饰先行词本身，而是修饰与先行词相关的东西或者是先行词的一部分（二册中学过关于“关系词=先行词”等量代换替换）。

• He has two sons, one of whom died in the war. ^{他有两个儿子，其中的一个死于战火。}
• The speaker posed four questions, the answers to which proved very illuminating.演讲者提了四个问题，它们的答案被证明非常具有启发性。

..., parts of which were still possible to read. ^{理解为：parts of ship's log book were still possible to read}

• Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. ^NCE3-54
• Most of our fears are unreasonable, but it is impossible to erase them. ^{换成形式主语}
• ...,but it was impossible to stop the thieves. ^{but the thieves were impossible to stop. 人不能当possible和impossible的主语}
• He is impossible to deal with. ^{这里的He其实是做的with的宾语 It is impossible to deal with him.} 

..., parts of which could still be read.  ^替换
..., parts of which were still legible. ^清晰可见

From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light.

piece sth. ↔ together ^{拼凑在一起}

• The police are still trying to piece together the facts.
• The archaeologists pieced the fragments together.

the captain was able to piece all the information together ^{如果没有information后面的定语从句的情况可以写成这样。}

reconstruct ^{vt.重建；改造；修复；重现}

• When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
• When the archaeologists pieced the fragments together, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. ^替换

The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine.

when ^{“这时”或“突然”}

• He was going to the sweet shop when he dropped his fifty pence.
• He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
• The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants.
• The morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when he noticed a large packing case lying on the floor.

This was later confirmed by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the Elkor had returned home.

All the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.