Lesson 6 Smash-and-grab砸橱窗抢劫独立主格 叙述文

英语记叙文 （narrative）的要点

1. 五个W一个R ^{(when, where, who, why, what and result)}
2. 目的明确，线索清晰，描写生动，详略得当，句式多变。

The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just opening. ^{where 在哪儿发生的}

expensive shops / hotels ^{ad.高档的(费钱的)}

• Mary is an expensive girl. She eats like a horse. ^败家女
• a fancy / luxury car 、a fancy / luxury hotel ^写作替换

arcade ^{n.拱、圆弧}

• ^17-Arch Bridge ^十七拱桥
• Arch of Triumph ^凯旋门

造句：The expensive China World Shopping Mall on / at the JianGuoMenWai Avenue in Chaoyang District was just opening. ^{在朝阳区建国门外大街上高档的国贸商城刚刚开始营业。}

At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. ^{When? 什么时间发生的}

empty ^{adj.空的、无知、无意义、愚蠢的}

• an empty truck ^空卡车
• empty streets ^{空荡荡的大街(没有人烟的)}

Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display. ^{Who 故事主角登场}

a jewellery shop = the jeweler's

Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o'clock and had only just finished. ^{Who 配角登场}

assistant ^{n.助手、售货员 ; adj. 助理的}

• (shop) assistant ^[英] 
• (shop) clerk ^[美]

had been doing ^{过去完成进行时}

• Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. ^NCE3-20
• The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. ^NCE3-32
• Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
• He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes.

only just ^{adv. not long ago / before 刚刚}

• We've only just arrived.
• I've only just moved to London.

Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. ^{Why 为什么抢这家？}

arrange ^{v.安排、布置、排列...}

• We arranged the chairs in a semicircle. ^vt.
• His books are neatly arranged in alphabetical order. ^被动 

After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop. ^{宁静祥和的气氛(暴风雨来临前的宁静)}

gaze at ^{（充满着兴趣的）盯着看}

• He gazed at the belle 👩‍🔧.
• He stared at the belle 💃. ^{写作替换（强调眼睛瞪大看）}
• He gaped at the belle 🧜‍♀️.  ^看惊呆了
• The belle glared at him 😤. ^{生气的瞪回去（怒目而视）}

文似看山不喜平。为人贵直，而作诗文者贵曲。一 袁枚《随园诗话》

* The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.

独立主格

（with） + n. + 非谓语（doing/ done / todo，其中being常省略），在句中常作状语或定语。

• One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings (being) over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.
• and at this point, according to my father, I should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance. ^NCE3-57
• Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time (being) for boredom. ^NCE3-59
• It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed. ^NCE4-18
• Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it broken.^{NCE3-34(省略了with)}
• In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences — most of them wildly improbable.^{NCE3-36(省略了with)}

独立主格 _VS 非谓语动词

• 非谓语动词：动作的发出者一致（非谓语动词单独出现）。
• 独立主格：有自己的逻辑主语（逻辑主语 + 非谓语动词）。

造句：The silence was suddenly broken when a tough guy, with his eyes glaring and a gun in his hand, broke into the bank.宁静突然被打破，一个凶恶的家伙，瞪着眼睛拿着枪，闯进了银行。

It came to a stop outside the jeweller's.

come to a stop = stop ；come to a halt = halt；

• Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt.
• come to an end = end
• come to a close = close
• come to a decision = decide
• come to a conclusion = conclude
• have a look = look ^{have a + 名词 = 对应的动词}

One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.

while / whereas ^{做并列连词 （翻译为：而）}

• He must be over 60, while / whereas his wife looks about 30. ^{放在句中做连词}
• While she is a likable girl, she can be extremely difficult to work with. ^{放在句首引导让步状语从句(尽管)}
• While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. ^{NCE4-16 （在书面语中常用于让步）}
• While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create. ^引导让步

While 有3个用法：1、做并列连词；2、引导时间状语；3、引导让步状语从句

While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.

He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window.

Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.

doing 非谓语做方式状语

• The boy went running to meet him. ^{跑着去见他}
• The girl came bouncing to tell me the news. ^{蹦蹦跳跳的过来告诉我}

One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.

help oneself to sth.

The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed.

scramble ^{v.爬、匆忙、仓促}

• As the burning plane landed, the terrified passengers scrambled for the door. ^{着火的飞机着陆时，惊慌失措的乘客争先恐后地向舱门跑去。}

Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves.

They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.

金钱 + worth of + 物品

• one billion dollars worth of merchandise ^{价值十亿美元的商品}
• fifty pence worth of trouble ^{价值50便士的麻烦}
• I have just bought 50 yuan worth of groceries.

《老友记》

Ross: Well, how was the date?
Rachel: Well I'm alone and I just bought fifteen dollars worth of candy bars, what do you think?