Lesson 57 Can I help you,madam? 您要买什么，夫人？

A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. §

A woman (who was) dressed in jeans…
A woman (who was) wearing jeans…

• do window shopping ^{(表示在逛街购物)}
• a woman in jeans ^{一个穿牛仔裤的妇女}

in + 服饰 = 穿着

• A man in red who is my friend.^{穿红衣服的人是我的朋友。}

expensive ^{adj.昂贵的}

• Mary is an expensive girl. She eats like a horse. ^败家女
• This watch is too expensive for me to buy. ^{这块手表太贵了，我买不起。}
• We had dinner in a fancy/luxury hotel / restaurant restaurant downtown. ^{我们在市中心一家高档精致的餐厅吃了晚饭。}
• He lives a life of luxury. ^{他过着奢华的生活。}

Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.

Hesitating for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress (that was) in the window.

She asked to see a dress  in the window. ^{不强调的表达(不强调“正是橱窗里的那一件”)}

for + 一段时间 = 长达

• He has held the post for three years.^{他担任这个职务已经三年了。}

The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.

did not like ^不喜欢

• She did not like the noisy environment. ^{她不喜欢喧闹的环境。}

… the way (in which) she was dressed.

the way § ^{可以直接加定语从句, 不需要引导词}

• I don’t like the way she eats. ^{我不喜欢她吃饭的样子}
• The way she eats annoyed me. ^{她吃饭的样子让我烦}
• I cooked in the way you taught me.
• I don’t like the way he talks to people.
• He doesn’t think the way I do.
• I don’t feel the way you feel.

dressed ^{表示“穿着，打扮”时常用被动语态}

• be dressed in
• She is dressed in jeans.
• Why is your aunt dressed in black?

Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.

Glancing at ^{非谓语动词，主动修饰整个句子做状语。}

• Glancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away.^{他瞥了一眼地图，告诉我们前面再走不到20英里就是一个村庄。}
• Glancing at the travel clock on the floor, Ryan realised he'd been asleep for over five hours. ^{瞥了一眼地板上的旅行钟，瑞恩意识到他一直在睡了五个多小时。}

The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.

punish sb. ^{惩罚某人；报复某人}

• We should only punish the bad guys. ^{我们应该只惩罚坏人。}
• A teacher won't punish anyone. ^{老师不惩罚任何人。}

She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.

with sth. in hand ^手上拿着

• He went to the theatre with a book in one hand. ^{他手上拿着一本书去了电影院}
• She went to her monther’s carring her baby with a chicken in one hand and a duck in the other. ^{(go to one’s monther’s 回娘家)}

The man broke into the shop dressed in black, with a knife in one hand and a gun in the other.^{那个男人穿着一身黑，一手拿着一把 刀一手拿着一杆枪，冲进了商店。}

other ^{adj.其它的(一个)} 

• Are there any other questions?^{还有其他问题没有？}
• My other sister is a doctor.^{我的另一个妹妹是医生。}
• Does life exist on other planets?^{其他行星上有生命吗？}

After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.

After seeking out… = After she (had) sought out… = Having sought out…

seek out ^{找出, 找到}

• He sought out the thief in the crowd.
• Seek him out quickly.I want to speak to him.

Not realizing  who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.

Because he didn’t realize who she was…
Without realizing who she was…

• Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief. ^{现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时，其否定形式是在它前面加上 not，without 或 never 等否定词}
• Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help. ^{not，without 或 never 等否定词有时可互换，有时则不可}

tell sb. not to do sth. ^{告诉某人不要做某事}

• I told myself not to be so jumpy. ^{我告诉自己别那么坐立不安。}
• He told himself not to panic. ^{他告诉自己不要恐慌。}
• I'd advise you not to tell him. ^{我劝你别告诉他。}
• She entreated him not to go. ^{她恳求他不要走。}
• He warned me not to be late. ^{他提醒我不要迟到。}

With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.

with great difficulty / trouble ^{with 在这里表示行为方式}

• He lifted the box with ease/difficulty.
• Its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it.
• He had a lot of trouble climbing into the shop window to get the dress.

* She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

enjoy oneself ^过得快乐

• We always enjoy ourselves, Mum.
• He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars. ^{他以让狗追乞丐为乐。(enjoy oneself doing sth. 从…中得到乐趣)}

enjoy oneself make sb. do sth.^{从使某人做某事中获得乐趣}

• She enjoyed herself watching her friends perform on stage, making the assistant bring props and costumes as needed.^{她在观看朋友们在舞台上表演时感到愉快，让助手根据需要带来道具和服装。}

make sb. do sth. ^{让某人做某事（使役动词）}

• You can't make me do anything.^{你不能强迫我做任何事。}
• Don't make me cry any longer! ^{别再让我哭了！}
• What did I make him do, Tom? ^{我让他做了什么，汤姆？}

make 和 let 后面都跟不带 to 的不定式，但意义上和用法上有区别。

Verbs of Perception ^{感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice, feel 等）}

• I saw him cross the street.^{我看见他穿过了马路。（强调看到全过程或动作已结束）}
• We heard her sing in the next room.^{我们听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。}
• I noticed a man enter the building suspiciously.^{我注意到一个男人鬼鬼祟祟地进入了大楼。}

Causative Verbs ^{使役动词（make, let, have）}

• My boss made me work overtime again.^{老板又让我加班了。}
• Please let me know if you change your mind.^{如果你改变主意，请告诉我。}
• I’ll have my secretary call you later.^{我会让我的秘书稍后给你打电话。}

Semi-modal Phrases ^{半情态短语（had better, would rather）}

• You had better tell the truth.^{你最好实话实说。}
• I would rather stay at home than go out.^{我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。}
• We had better not wake the baby.^{我们最好别吵醒宝宝。}

The "But/Except" Structure ^{do nothing but/except 结构（当前面有 do 时，后面省 to）}

• She did nothing but cry all day.^{她整天除了哭什么也没干。}
• I had no choice but to wait.^{注意：若前面没有 do，to 必须保留。}
• They did nothing except complain about the food.^{他们除了抱怨食物之外什么也没做。}

The Flexible "Help" ^{help 的特殊性（可带 to 也可以不带）}

• Could you help me carry these bags?^{你能帮我提这些包吗？（省略 to 更口语化）}
• Exercise helps reduce stress.^{运动有助于减轻压力。}
• He helped to clean the kitchen.^{他帮忙清理了厨房。（带 to 也没错，但略显正式）}

The "Why" Questions ^{Why / Why not 引导的疑问句}

• Why waste money on things you don't need?^{为什么要浪费钱买不需要的东西呢？}
• Why not join us for dinner tonight?^{今晚为什么不和我们一起吃晚饭呢？}
• Why wait until tomorrow?^{为什么要等到明天？}

Passive Voice Trap ^{被动语态陷阱（还原 to 的特殊情况）}

• He was seen to cross the street.^{注意：make, see, hear 在被动语态中必须还原 to。}
• I was made to redo the whole project.^{我被迫重做了整个项目。}
• The child was heard to cry for help.^{听到那个孩子在呼救。}

本课不规则动词

在表示地点和位置时，说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。