Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine困在矿井里if条件状语从句

If explosives are used,	vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.
一般条件句^{If + 从句 (现在时)}	表达可能发生的情况^{主句(将来时)}

Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.

therefore^{adv. 因此，所以（可独立使用，也可位于动词前）}	so ^{conj. 所以，因此（不能放在动词前）}
The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive. His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car.	We arrived early, so we got good seats. He has a bad cold, Mr. Williams, so he must stay in bed for a week.

rescue workers ^救援人员	rescue operations ^救援行动
Rescue workers were at the scene.^{救援人员在现场。}	The bad weather hampered rescue operations.^{恶劣的天气阻碍了救助行动。}
Rescue workers were at the scene, but the bad weather hampered rescue operations.

If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. ^假设过去

there had not been^{是一个there be结构}

beneath ^{adv.（更隐秘的）下方}	under ^{adv.在…表面下}
On a shelf beneath he spotted a photo album. ^{在下方的书架上他发现了一本相册。}	He took a deep breath before he went under. ^{他在钻下水前深深地吸了口气。}

If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil,	they would have completed the job in a few hours.
If 从句^{(过去完成)}	主句 ^{could/would/should/might + have done}

As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.

as it is = as it was ^{事实上，实际上}

I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.
I promised to return books yesterday.As it is, I won’t be able to do so until next Monday.

Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.

enable ^{vt. 使…能够}

The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the distant stars and galaxies.

前缀 en-加在名词或形容词前 ^{可以使这个词成为动词}

名词/形容词	动词
danger^n.危险	endanger^{（危及，使遭受危险）}
large^{adj.大号的}	enlarge^{（扩大，扩展，扩充）}
slave ^n.奴隶	enslave^{（奴役，使成为奴隶）}
trap ^n.陷阱	entrap^{（使…入陷阱/圈套，欺骗）}

keep in touch with ^{与…保持联系（可以用 stay，get 等其他动词）}

George is in close touch with Ian.
Can you get in touch with the company?

Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.

run out of^{用完，用尽}

I need to go to the store because I've run out of milk.^{我需要去商店，因为我已经用完了牛奶。}

They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.

They have been told	that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.
have been told ^被告知	are progressing smoothly ^{(正在)进展顺利}

If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.^{虚拟条件句假设现在}

If they knew	how difficult	it was to drill through the hard rock,	they would lose heart.
从句向后退 ^know→knew	How引导	it^{(形式主语)...}to drill...^{(逻辑主语)}	条件主句 ^{(主句4选1：colud\would... + do)}
	宾语从句
If条件状语从句

单词句型常与run搭配的组合更新于:2024-03-25 13:13:02

run out of ^{用完，耗尽}	They are running out of food and drink. He has run out of money.
run after ^{追赶，追逐}	Seeing that his sister was annoyed, he ran after her to apologize.
run over ^{在…驶过/辗过}	The car ran over a snake/his legs.
run in ^{试车，试转（发动机等）}	John is running his new car in. Run in the engine before you start work.
run into ^偶然碰见	I ran into Mary and Jane in the flower shop. He ran into Sterlings while travelling in Italy.

扩展知识复习if条件状语从句更新于:2024-03-25 13:33:19

问：为什么要区别真实条件句、虚拟条件句
答：因为它们结构不一样。是为了表达不同的情态、可能性和逻辑关系。这区分是语法和语言逻辑的一部分，以确保表达者能够明确传达他们所想要表达的条件和结果之间的关系。

If真实条件句^{（假设将来：主将从现）}

用于表达可能或很可能发生的情况。
这种条件句通常使用"if"（如果）引导，其谓语动词使用一般现在时。
通常表示客观、真实、经常发生的情况，如科学事实、普遍真理等。

时间	If从句	主句
假设过去	过去的各种时态	过去将来时
假设现在	现在的各种时态	一般将来时
假设将来	一般现在时^{(替代将来时)}	一般将来时

If虚拟条件句 §

用于表达不太可能或不可能发生的情况，或用于表达假设、愿望、建议等。
这种条件句通常包括"if"引导，但其谓语动词使用过去时（对现在情况的假设）或过去完成时（对过去情况的假设）。

时间范围	If从句	主句
假设过去	had done	colud would should might	+ have done
假设现在	did/were		+ do
假设将来	did/were		+ do
	were to do
	should do

从句往前推，主句4+1 ^{将来同现在}

区分真实条件句和虚拟条件句的目的是为了确保语言表达的准确性，使听者或读者能够理解说话者的意图。这两种条件句有不同的语法结构和语境，有助于传达不同类型的信息。

soaked to the bone ^{湿透了；淋得透心凉}

Lesson 87 A perfect alibi

Lesson 89 A slip of the tongue

Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine困在矿井里if条件状语从句

与课文关联的单词

trap *

surface *

collapse *

progress *

Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.

be trapped in 被困在

If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.真实条件句(主情从现)

lose sb. live 失去某人的生命(表示生命时live是可数的)

However, rescue operations are proving difficult.

prove vt. 证明是，结果是

If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. 真实条件句(主将从现)

Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.

If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. 假设过去

there had not been 是一个there be结构

As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.

as it is = as it was 事实上，实际上

Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.

enable vt. 使…能够

前缀 en-加在名词或形容词前 可以使这个词成为动词

keep in touch with 与…保持联系（可以用 stay，get 等其他动词）

Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.

run out of 用完，用尽

They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.

If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. 虚拟条件句假设现在

If真实条件句（假设将来：主将从现）

If虚拟条件句 §

从句往前推，主句4+1 将来同现在

Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine

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trap ^*

surface ^*

collapse ^*

progress ^*

be trapped in ^被困在

If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.^{真实条件句(主情从现)}

lose sb. live ^{失去某人的生命(表示生命时live是可数的)}

prove ^{vt. 证明是，结果是}

If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. ^{真实条件句(主将从现)}

If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. ^假设过去

there had not been^{是一个there be结构}

as it is = as it was ^{事实上，实际上}

enable ^{vt. 使…能够}

前缀 en-加在名词或形容词前 ^{可以使这个词成为动词}

keep in touch with ^{与…保持联系（可以用 stay，get 等其他动词）}

run out of^{用完，用尽}

If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.^{虚拟条件句假设现在}

If真实条件句^{（假设将来：主将从现）}

从句往前推，主句4+1 ^{将来同现在}