Lesson 48 The silent village沉默的村庄单元复习 双重定语从句

In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.

much-travelled ^{（复合形容词）much表示“很多人参与的、广为…”}

• much-loved  ^{深受爱戴的}
• much-respected  ^{广受尊敬的}
• much-admired  ^{广受钦佩的}
• much-discussed  ^{广为讨论的}
• much-criticized ^{备受批评的}
• much-acclaimed ^{备受赞扬的}

We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable.

assume ^{（含贬义，暗示错的）}

• Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. 
• When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, some women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.
• We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics -- like mortgages, pensions, insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves.

But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers.

cut … off from ... ^{to prevent sb./sth. from leaving or reaching a place or communicating with people outside a place 使……与……隔绝}

• Having a new baby can cut a young mother off from the adult world. 
• Accessible only by air, the town is cut off from the rest of the country.
• Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.

one’s (fellow) countryman ^{某人的同胞} = one’s compatriot

• a hero much loved by his countrymen
• Didn’t he feel guilty about betraying his fellow countrymen?
• Chris Robertson of Australia beat his compatriot Chris Dittmar in the final. 

Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable -- as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.

as 引导的非限定性定语从句 与 which 引导的非限定性定语从句的区别。

1. as 作为关系代词指代整个主句，而 which 作为关系代词指代整个主句或先行词均可。
2. as 引导的非限定性定语从句位于主句前、中、后均可，而which 引导的非限定性定语从句不能位于主句之前。
• As a poet points out, life is but a dream. ^句首
• Children, as is always the case, love their mother. ^句中
• She became angry, as many could see. ^句尾
3. as 引导的非限定性定语从句含有“众所周知”的意思，常译为“正如……”，而which 引导的非限定性定语从句则未必有这个意思。
• The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.^{（不能换成as，没有“正如”的含义）}
4. 在“as + is/was + done”结构中可省略“is/was”，而在 “which + is/was + done”可省略“which + is/was”，而不能只省略 be 动词。
• As (is) reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city. 
• a puma (which was) at large 

• Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney.
• As the Commanding Officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing!
• If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks.
• As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.

We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity.

These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well.

of + 名词 ^{描述人或事物的特征}

• Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest.
• Nothing valuable was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be very interesting.

These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, …
These attracted many visitors, for they were not only architecturally interesting, ...

contain ^{（也可表示建筑物里的包含）}

• The museum contains a number of original artworks.
• The room was small and contained far too much furniture. 

 The Imperial Palace attracts many visitors, for it is not only of great architectural interest, but contains a large number of beautifully preserved historical relics as well.^{故宫吸引了很多游客，因为它不但在建筑方面很有趣，而且里面有大量的保存完好的文物。}

On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.

The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.

• We met on the following day. → We met the following day.
• We met in the spring of 1983.  → We met the spring of 1983.

load ^{（量词）装载量；容纳量}

• a truck load of wood ^{一卡车的…}
• a ship load of cotton ^{一轮船的 …}
• a car load of visitors ^{一汽车的…}

This was more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside.

be more than … can / could... ^{是…不能承受的}

• Dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear, for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.
• When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
• The pain is more than I can bear. 
• The story is more than I can believe.
• The beauty of the West Lake is more than words can describe.
• The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
• Such a complicated situation is far more than we could anticipate and deal with.

Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood.

take ^{v. 英文解释：use (a road, path, etc) as a route to go to a place 取道…}

• I usually take the M6 when I go to Scotland.

lead ^{v. 英文解释：to go in a particular direction or to a particular place 通往…}

• The path led down to a small lake.
• This door leads into the garden.
• We followed a dirt track leading through the woods. 
• The road leads west for three miles, then turns south. 

We expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees.

trace / weave / wind one’s way ^蜿蜒前进

• Highway 99 winds its way along the coast.
• The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!
• Lori spotted them as they weaved their way through the tables.

We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream.

tramp through ^跋涉穿过

• They put on their coats and tramped through the falling snow.^{他们穿上大衣，在落雪中脚步沉重地缓缓走着。}
• Before the daylight completely faded, we tramped through the wet grounds to the mucky bank of the river.^{在天光完全被吞没之前，我们渡过湿地，来到河的泥岸。}

We could see that the path continued on the other side, but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.

（have no idea / not have any idea）+（that / how / what / why / which / where …） ^{表达不知道}

• He had no idea (that) she was like that.
• She doesn't have any idea where they've gone.
• They had no idea what time they were supposed to arrive. 

Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank.

moor ^{v. 停泊}

• We moored alongside the quay. 

moor … to …^{把…停泊在…}

• We moored the boat to a large tree root.
• A number of fishing boats were moored to the quay. 

In it there was a boatman fast asleep.

be fast / sound asleep ^熟睡

• By the time I got home, the baby was already fast asleep.^{当我回到家时，宝宝已经熟睡了。}

We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side.

ferry ^{n. 渡船；渡口}

• They had recrossed the River Gambia by ferry. ^{他们乘船又一次渡过了冈比亚河。}

ferry ^{v. to carry people or goods between two or more places 运送（人或货物）}

• ferry goods to the mainland 
• Can you ferry us across?
• Every day, a plane arrives to ferry guests to and from Bird Island Lodge. ^{每天，一架飞机到达以运送进出鸟岛宾馆的客人。}

Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.

be reluctant / unwilling to do sth. ^{不愿意做某事}

• He was reluctant to leave the party early.^{他不愿意早早离开聚会。}

The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain.

be perched on … ^{位于（比较高、危险）的地方}

• For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal, but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water.
• a house perched on a cliff above the town

The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.

straggle ^{v. grow or spread in an irregular or untidy manner 无规则地或散乱地生长或散布}

• Unpainted wooden buildings straggle along the main road out of town.
• a straggling village
• vines straggling over the fences 

line ^{vt. form a line along sth. 沿某物排成行}

• Tall trees line the road on either side.
• The road is lined with / by tall trees on either side.

Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks.

forbidding ^{adj.（外表）冷峻的，令人生畏的；令人厌恶的；险恶的}

• There was something a little severe and forbidding about her face.  ^{她的脸色严厉且令人生畏。}
• Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. ^{监狱不再是过去那种可怕的、令人生畏的地方。}
• Heidi did not take this for a summons, for the maid's face was scornful and forbidding. ^{海蒂并不认为这是一种召唤，因为女仆的脸带着轻蔑，令人生畏。}

The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.

形容词 +（连字符）+ looking ^{表示“看起来怎么样的”}

• a very modern-looking woman
• an interesting-looking carved dagger 
• the sorry-looking, blackened figure 
• an ugly-looking black goat

on ^用…拴着

• … on a short length of rope …
• Please keep your dog on a leash.

length ^{（量词）一根、一节…}

• … a short length of rope …
• Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire.

tie ^{v. 系绳子}

• She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening.

nearby ^{adv. 在附近}

• The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. 

并列形式 ^{不如独立主格简洁，重点不突出} 

The village seemed deserted, and the only sign of life was an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.

• The book is boring, the only interesting part being its cover.^{这本书很无聊，唯一有趣的部分是它的封皮。}
• The contents of the chest were disappointing, the only valuable find being an interesting-looking carved dagger. ^{箱子里的东西令人失望，唯一有价值的发现是一柄看起来有趣的雕花的匕首。}

Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch.

非谓动词做状语^{（源自句型简化）}

• After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
• After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.
• Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Tehran saved up for years to buy a real bed.

All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm.

all at once ^突然= suddenly = all of a sudden

• All at once, the lights went out. ^{突然间，灯熄灭了。}
• Suddenly, it started to rain heavily.^{突然间，开始下起了大雨。}
• All of a sudden, the dog started barking.^{突然间，狗开始狂吠。}

alarm ^{n. a feeling of fear or worry because sth. bad or dangerous might happen 惊慌，恐慌}

• She looked up in alarm.
• Scientists have said there is no cause for alarm.

be filled with anger / fear / dread / horror / joy / happiness / doubt / alarm / revulsion / admiration / remorse … ^{充满了某种情绪…}

• Their faces were suddenly filled with fear.
• I am filled with admiration for your bravery.
• Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.

Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.

be surrounded by ^被…包围

• I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
• It is situated on the Mediterranean Sea and surrounded by France on three sides.^{它坐落在地中海沿岸，三面被法国环绕。}
• we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, climbing and cycling.^{我们周围是一个天然的场地，非常适合散步、攀岩和骑车。}
• One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins.^{另一幅我很想让你们看的画是一个被南瓜围绕的年轻女人。}

We offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless.

offer sb. sth.   ^{给某人某事}

• The number of companies offering them work increased. ^{给他们提供工作的公司的数量增多了。}
• We offer free technical support. ^{我们免费提供技术支持。}

I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers.

be shy of … ^{对…腼腆羞怯；害怕……}

• Children are often shy of people they don't know. 
• I'm shy of buying shares, in case I lose money.

When we later walked down the main street of the village, we were followed by a silent procession of children.

 … a silent procession of children …^{（silent修饰的是procession不是children）名词前有量词修饰 形容词放在量词前，而不放在名词前}

• a nice cup of tea
• a beautiful stretch of field 
• a stagnant pool of water
• For most of them, 50 pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate. 
• Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across.

The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life.

come to life ^{to become more interesting, exciting or full of activity 变活跃起来}

• The match finally came to life in the second half.
• You're very cool with your brother, but with your friends you really come to life. 

Faces appeared at windows. ^{地道表达：传神、形象}

people looked out of the window. ^普通

Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us.

in shirt sleeves / shirt-sleeves ^{dressed informally without wearing anything, such as a jacket, over a shirt 只穿衬衣的（不正式）}

• He was working in shirt sleeves, not bothered by the cold. ^{他只穿着衬衫在工作，对寒冷毫不在意。}

Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways.

peer at ^{凝视，盯着看}

• The market people peer at him from their booths and stalls .^{集市上的人从他们的货棚和摊子里凝视着他。}
• A typical telescope is designed to peer at a tiny portion of the sky.^{典型的天文望远镜被设计成专门观测天空中的一小部分。}
• Might central bankers soon start to peer at the monetary dials again?^{中央银行家们很快又会重新注视货币手段吗？}

The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard.

There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors.

there is no doubt / question that ... ^{毫无疑问的是…}

• There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily. 
• There is no question that the government knew about the deal.

We needed no further warning.

further ^{far的比较级“更多的，进一步的”}

• Let's consider this point further.^{让我们更深入地考虑这一点。}
• The issue needs further examination.^{这个问题需要进一步考察。}
• He made a further interrogative noise.^{他发出了进一步疑问的声音。}

Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.

Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream, and we hoped that the boatman was waiting there.  ^{相当于是个并列句}

quicken one’s pace ^加快步伐

• He quickened his pace, longing to be home.
• Thinking that she was being followed, she quickened her pace. 

make one’s way ^前往某地

• I made my way to the house.
• I made my way into the backyard. 
• I made my way along the river.
• I made my way up the stairs.
• The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot. 

嵌入式定语从句 ^{本身是定语从句修饰先行词，另一方面又是主谓结构的宾语}

In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small waterspout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave.

• She has an adopted son who she says is an orphan.^{她有一个养子，这个养子据她讲是个孤儿。}
•  Aleko suddenly acquired a new lamb which he claimed was bought. ^{Aleko 突然得到了一只新的羊羔，这只羊羔他声称是买来的。}