Lesson 35 Justice was done伸张正义单元复习

The word justice is usually associated with courts of law.

be associated with ... ^{与某个事物或行为有关联}

• There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food.
• Push factors are associated with the place of origin. ^{推动因素与原产地有关。}

court of law ^{法庭(第一句避免误会，把名词写准确)}

• court of appeal ^上诉法院
• International Court of Justice ^{联合国国际法院(海牙国际法庭)}
• Court of Justice of the European Union ^{欧洲联盟法院}
• Supreme Court of Canada ^{加拿大最高法院}

造句：The word success is usually associated with diligence. ^{成功这个词常常与勤奋联系到一起。}
造句：The word frailty is usually associated with woman, yet this is not always the case.^{软弱这个词常常与女人联系到 一起，然而这却不总是实情。}

We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt.

beyond (any) doubt ^毫无疑问

• The research showed beyond (any) doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.

beyond + n. ^{无法...；不容...(超过了范围)}

• The situation is beyond my control. ^{超过控制范围（无法控制了）}
• The rumor is beyond belief. ^{难以置信的、无法置信的（超过了相信的范围）}
• The results are beyond dispute / controversy. ^{无可争议的}
• Her beauty is beyond words / description. ^{言语无法形容}
• His conduct is beyond reproach / criticism. ^{无可指责/批评}
• The pain is beyond human endurance. ^{超出人类的承受能力}
• Working with you is beyond my wildest dreams. ^{最疯狂的想象和期望}

Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law.

* 当“part of”之前没有形容词修饰时，通常不加不定冠词“a"

• Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.
• Falling over is part of learning how to ski. ^{摔倒是学习滑雪的一部分。}
• This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.
• Memory loss is a normal part of the aging process. ^{有形容词时加上冠词}
• ... so vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe. ^NCE4-43

machinery ^{n. 1. [U] organization orstructure 组织，机构，体系}

• the machinery of government ^政府机构
• The company has no effective machinery for resolving disputes. ^{公司没有解决纠纷的有效机制。}

machinery §  ^{n. 2. ［U］ machines 机器}

• a piece of machinery ^一台机器
• You should not drive or operate machinery after taking the medicine.

Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it.

seek ^{v.寻找；寻求，谋求}

• In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.
• After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.

arduous journey ^艰苦旅程

• You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey. ^NCE3-44

造句：Those who seek perfection undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will achieve it.^{追求完美的人要走过一段艰苦的旅程，并且永远没有把握他们能达到完美。}

Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.

..., however wise or eminent (they are) ^{让步状语从句的省略}

• Metals expand when (they are) heated.
• While (he was) on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman.

造句：Young people, however young or inexperienced, should be treated with respect. ^{年轻人，无论多么年轻，多么没有经验，也应该受到尊重。}
造句：Criminals, however cruel or vicious, are human and should be treated humanely.^{罪犯，无论有多么残忍或邪恶，也是人，而且应该人道主义地对待他们。}

There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept.

there are rare instances when ... = occasionally ^有时候

• There are rare instances when love turns to hatred. 

there are instances when ... = there are times when ... = sometimes ^有时

• There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives,...

there was a time when ... = once ^{曾经（想当初）}

• There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'.

cease to do / doing ^{stop doing 停止做某事}

• That department has ceased to exist.
• The factory has ceased making bicycles.

abstract ^{adj.抽象的}

• Beauty itself is abstract.
• Abstract art is an acquired taste. ^{要慢慢培养才会欣赏抽象艺术。}
• It's not a question of some abstract concept of justice. ^{这不是一个有关正义的某一抽象概念的问题。}
• A modern abstract painting takes over one complete wall. ^{一幅现代抽象画占了整整一面墙。}
• We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract. ^{我们尽可谈论美的事物，但美本身却是抽象的。}
• It is easier to think in concrete terms rather than in the abstract. ^{结合具体的事物来思考要比抽象思考容易些。}

concrete / solid ^{adj.具体的}

• a concrete / solid example
• I had no concrete evidence. ^{我当时没有明确而具体的证据。}
• We don't have good solid information on where the people are. ^{我们并不掌握有关这些人在哪儿的确切消息。}

造句：There are instances when patriotism ceases to be an empty slogan. ^{在有些情况下爱国主义不再是一个空洞的口号。}

Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference.

Reward or punishment ^{不可数(谓语就近原则)}

• A man or a woman is waiting in the room.
• Reward or punishment are ... ^{强调两者同时存在}

mete sth. → out (to sb.) ^{give or administer (punishment,rewards, etc.）给予，加以（奖、惩等）}

• He felt he had a right to mete out physical punishment to the children.
• Judges are meting out increasingly harsh sentences for car theft.

be independent of ... ^{不依赖…；不受…支配；独立于…之外}

• We need a central bank that is independent of the government.

quite independent of ... ^{在完全没有⋯的情况下（独自）⋯}

造句：Computers can find out potential problems and solve them quite independent of human interference. ^{计算机可以在完全没有人干预的情况下发现潜在的问题并将其解决。}
造句：The little boy finished the jigsaw puzzle quite independent of his parents' assistance. ^{这个小男孩在完全没有父母帮助的情况下独立完成了这个拼图游戏。}

• Supporters of a third candidate tend to be quite independent. ^{第三候选人的支持者们往往都很有主见。}

At such times, justice acts like a living force.

• He is living proof of the wonders of modern medicine. ^{他是现代医学奇迹的活生生的证明。}

When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.

It serves you right. ^{你罪有应得}

• You deserve it. ^{你活该、你值得}
• You got what you deserve. ^{你罪有应得}
• You're asking for it. ^求锤得锤
• As you've made your bed, now you have to lie on it.  ^自做自受

in part = partly = to some degree ^{部分地、在某种程度上}

• The accident was due in part to the bad weather.

Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. ^阅读真题

• Blacks have significantly shorter life spans, in part due to racism in the health establishment.

for one's part ^{对于某人而言（不可数）}

• For my part, I prefer to live in the city.
• Napoleon's army was weakened and the British, for their part, were eager to attack.

on the part of ... / on one's part ^{就…而言 / 就某人而言、由…所作出的}

• It was a mistake on my part. ^{这是我的错误。}
• It was a mistake on the part of the authorities. ^{这是当局的一个错误。}

It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would.And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.

enable sb. to do ^{使某人能够做某事}

• The new software enables users to edit videos more easily.^{这款新软件使用户更轻松地编辑视频。}

of one's own accord ^自愿地

• She apologized of her own accord.^{她主动道歉。}
• He joined the army of his own accord.

When a thief was caught on the premises of a large jewellery store one morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right'.

premises ^{n. [plural] the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc. uses 房屋建筑物，经营场所}

• There is a kitchen on the premises.  ^{营业场所内有一个厨房。}

on the premises ^{在经营场所的内部（店内）}

• There is always a manager on the premises.

off the premises ^{店外（经营场所以外）}

• The manager escorted him off the premises.

find it impossible to resist the temptation to do ... ^{忍不住做某事（文言）}

• He found it impossible to resist the temptation to eat the chocolate cake. ^{他发现无法抗拒吃巧克力蛋糕的诱惑。}

造句：When I saw that fascinating teddy bear, I found it impossible to resist the temptation to buy it. ^{当我看到那只迷人的玩具熊的时候，我忍不住买了下来。}

The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys.

disused ^{adj.废弃不用的}

• Many disused railway lines have become public footpaths.

Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls.

towards🇬🇧  / toward🇺🇸  ^{prep. near (a point in time） 临近（某一时间）}

• Toward the end of the afternoon it began to rain.
• Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. ^{物理上的靠近}
• Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
• After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit.

muffle ^{v. to make a sound less loud and clear, especially by covering something}

• The falling snow muffled the sound of our footsteps.

muffled ^{adj. muffled sounds cannot be heard clearly, for example because they come from behind a door or wall}

• I could hear muffled voices in the next room.

副词和介词短语都可以作介词的宾语 §

• There is a fine view from here.
• I heard them calling me from below.
• They have just returned from abroad.
• I took my watch from under the pillow.
• He picked up the gun from behind the counter.
• I live near here.
• We didn't meet until after the show.
• The weather has been fine except in the north.

As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade.

As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager and the manager promptly rang up the fire brigade. ^{使用定语从句更简洁（接续性分句）}

• John went to see his bank manager and the manager sent ... → John went to see his bank manager who sent ...
• ... and the usual copy of the letter and he proceeded to read it to the prisoner. → and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.

ring / call / phone sb. ↔ up ^{给某人打电话}

• She uses the office phone to ring up her friends in Sweden.
• John called him up to make sure of the date of the graduation ceremony.
• I'll phone the manager up tomorrow.
• I'll ring you up later to discuss the details.^{我稍后会给你打电话讨论细节。}

the fire brigade🇬🇧 / department🇺🇸  ^消防队

• fireman / firefighter / fire fighter

The cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the fire fighters could not be certain which one it was.

be certain ^确信

• He had to be certain. There could be no room for doubt. ^{他必须确定无误。不能有任何的犹疑。}
• If you want to be certain of getting a ticket, book now. ^{要想有把握买到票，现在就得预订。}
• I was certain that everyone would see me as nothing more than "the short girl". ^{我敢肯定，大家只会把我看作“矮个子女孩”。}

They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries.

locate ^{v. discover the exact position or place of sb. / sth.}

• We couldn't locate the source of the radio signal.
• Police are still trying to locate the suspect.

tap ^{v. to hit your fingers lightly on something, for example to get sb.'s attention}

• tap at / on ^轻拍
• Someone tapped at / on the door.
• A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, ... ^NCE4-7

listen (out) for sth. ^{wait alertly in order to hear （a sound） 留神等着听（某声音）}

• Please listen (out) for the phone while I'm in the bath.
• Can you listen (out) for the doorbell?

They knocked at the walls and listened to the man's cries, and then found the right chimney. ^{小学生用词（重点不突出、用词简单）}

• Someone called the fire brigade and two fire fighters used a special type of grease and then freed George. ^流水帐
• The fire brigade was called and two fire fighters freed George using a special type of grease.

After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney.

chip  ^{v.打破，弄缺、凿下}

• It took a long time to chip a hole in the wall.
• Archaeologists were carefully chipping away at the rock.

trap ^{v. to prevent sb. from leaving a place, especially a dangerous place}

• Twenty miners were trapped underground.
• There's no way out! We're trapped!

be / get stuck ^被卡住了

• A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck.
• The car wheels got stuck in the mud. ^{汽车轮子陷到泥里去了。}
• Unluckily, it got stuck under the fence. ^{不幸的是，它被卡在了篱笆下面。}

be cornered ^{被逼得走投无路}

• It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.
• A person who cornered could be the fiercest one. ^{一个人被逼到死角时是有可能成为最凶猛的人。}

be kept in ... ^被关在…

• As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.

be imprisoned ^{坐牢、入狱}

• A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years.

As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the fire fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall.

As it was extremely ... ^{因为极其的...}

• As it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter.

free ^{v.释放；使解脱出来}

• The fire-brigade was called and two fire fighters freed George using a special type of grease.

The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney.

sorry ^{adj. feeling ashamed or unhappy about something bad you have done}

• She was genuinely sorry for what she had done.

sorry-looking ^看上去...

• a very modern-looking woman
• an interesting-looking carved dagger
• an ugly-looking black goat ^NCE3-48

blacken ^{v. to become black, or make something black}

• The thunder became louder and the sky blackened.

figure ^{n. someone with a particular type of appearance or character, especially when they are far away or difficult to see}

• In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.
• A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight.

break into sth. ^{to enter a building or car by using force, in order to steal sth.}

• Someone broke into my car and stole the radio.
• Her house was broken into last week.

break in  ^{to enter a building by using force, in order to steal sth.}

• If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.

force an entry ^强行闯入

• It was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced an entry during her absence.^NCE3-58

Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.

hand sb. over to ... ^{give a prisoner to another group of people, especially the police or the people in authority in another country}

• The terrorists were taken to the airport, where they were handed over to the French authorities.