Lesson 49 The end of a dream美梦告终句型简化

* Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Tehran saved up for years to buy a real bed.

状语从句的省略

1. Because she was punished, she burst into tears. ^主语重复
2. Because punished, she burst into tears. ^{省略主语的同时be动词已无用处。}
3. Punished, she burst into tears. ^{如果不想强调"因为"可以将 Because也省略掉。}

done作状语(表示被动)，去掉连接词最后直接剩下的一个词来做状语，以前我们都是用一个句子表示被动。be done 在这里可以直接简化成一个词Done来做状语表被动。当它单独一个词出现的时候，它没放在句子里，也不做谓语，并修饰句子做状语了，所以它有一个非常洋气高大上的名字，叫做“非谓语动词”。什么是非谓语动词呢？非谓语动词说到底它还是动词，但是它不做谓语了，因为句子里已有一个谓语，所以在这里起到补充说明的作用。

1. When it is done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt. ^{it is代替了this habit}
2. When done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt. ^{省略主谓it is}
3. Done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt.^{省略时间状语When}

be tired of ^{对…感到厌倦}

1. Because he was tired of sleeping on the floor... ^{课文原文完整开头}
2. Because being tired of sleeping on the floor... ^{he was tired谓语是was，所以不能随便去掉谓语was，(他感觉到累，主动的，使用Being表主动)}
3. Being tired of sleeping on the floor... ^{省略原因状语Because}
4. Tired of sleeping on the floor... ^{原本是Being做状语表主动，但be无实际意义，所以也省略掉}

动名词做状态 ^{除了Done外动词名也是非谓语动词}

1. While he was talking with me, he broke his cup carelessly. ^{动名词表主动}
2. While talking with me, he broke his cup carelessly. ^{像done一样省略主谓}
3. Talking with me, he broke his cup carelessly. ^{省略时间状语While}

形容词直接做状语

• I am always hungry when I go to bed.^{时间状语从句} → I always go to bed hungry.^{形容词做状语}  → I'm always hungry at bedtime. ^后置定语
• Worried about my daughter, Lucy, she went to London to visit Lucy.
• I went home. I am tired. → I went home tired.
• ？？？ → I went home excited.

save up ^{攒钱，储蓄}

• I want to get married in one or two years, so I’m trying to save (some money) up.

For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.

for the first time in one's life ^{(某人的)平生第一次}

• For the first time in his life, He became the proud father of a baby. ^{在他的生命中，他第一次自豪地成为了一个孩子的父亲。}
• He became a proud father for the first time.^{他第一次成为了一个自豪的父亲。}

Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.

He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.

the first two nights ^{头两天晚上}

• I study hard for the first three days.
• for the last three nights ^{最后三天晚上}

blow up ^{风越刮越大(程度在加深)，（指暴风雨）出现并加剧；刮起}

speak up ^大声点

• What? Speak up, Penny.

A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. ^{below 直接放在被修饰词之后作定语}

gust ^{表示“一阵强风，一阵狂风”}

• a gust of wind = gust
• A gust (of wind) blew my hat off.
• She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts. ^{虽然当时阵阵狂风吹着，她还是出发了。}

crashing into ^{是现在分词短语修饰(表主动)}

crash （不及物动词）直接用主动形式作宾语补足语。smash（及物动词）可用被动，一个句子中不能出现两个动词，如果出现了两个动词，要用 and 或 but 连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词 to do(表目的)，-ed(表被动)，-ing(表主动)。

The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.

not…until ^{表示“直到…才”}

until 前面没有 not 时，与表示一段时间的“持续动词”连用；有 not时^{(翻译为：“才”)}，常用表示某一时间点的动词（或瞬间动词）连用

Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.

to pieces ^{粉碎地，成碎片地}

• The cup was broken to pieces.

Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.

1. After he glanced at the bits of wood and metal... the man sadly picked up the mattress... ^{句子完整的开头}
2. After glancing at the bits of wood and metal... the man sadly picked up the mattress... ^{省略主语(作者是主动看的，不是被看的，所以要变成动名词表主动不能使用done表被动)}
3. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal... the man sadly picked up the mattress... ^{省略时间状语After}

glance ^{v. 看一眼，扫视}

• Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me.^{乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。}

bits = pieces ^{块，片，段；部件}

lie (lay，lain) ^{不及物动词，后面一定要加介词搭配，如“around、in、on”，不能说成“lay him”}

名词性从句

定语从句

状语（或副词性）从句

分词^{(动名词doing)}结构的复合句

现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主 语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句 前面时，要用逗号隔开。

过去分词结构^{常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态}

• Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.
• Followed by his mom, he went there. ^{(被动) 被他母亲带着跟着去了那儿}

不定式(to do)结构的复合句 ^{这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句}

• To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations. ^{to do表目的}

状语从句省略的并列^主语相同