Lesson 20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟

One man in a boat ^{独坐孤舟(取名的技巧)}

• The man in a hat ^{戴帽子的人}
• Paris in the spring ^巴黎之春
• Tea for two ^{两个人一起喝茶}
• A walk through the woods ^林中散步

Fishing is my favourite sport.

Doing ^{动名词（可以作主语或宾语）}

• I like fishing. ^动宾
• I am fond of fishing. ^介宾
• My favorite sport is fishing. ^表语
• I like surfing the Internet. ^{可以跟宾语}
• Driving fast is very dangerous. ^{可以被副词修饰}

favourite / favorite ^{adj. 最喜欢的}

• Swimming is my favorite sport.
• Reading is my favorite pastime.
• Watching TV is my favorite pastime.
• Playing games on the ground is my favorite activity. ^{配合动名词可表达多样化的信息}

I often fish for hours without catching anything.^{(结果状语)}

without 是介词，后面一定要加宾语, 动名词 catching 作 without 的宾语，without 后面的动作是主语来做的。动名词也有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语。I often fish for hours. + I don’t catch anything. ^{表达同一件事，用的谓语越少越好。}

• He came late. + He didn’t say sorry to me. = He came late without saying sorry to me.
• He entered the room. + He told me the news. = After entering the room, he told me the news.
• He apologized to me. + He broke my favorite vase. = He apologized to me for breaking my favorite vase. / He apologized to me for having broken my favorite vase.
• He entered the room. + I told him the news. ⇒ After he had entered the room, I told him the news. ^{不可使用非谓语转换，因为主语不同}
• He thanked me. + I helped him. = He thanked me for helping him. ^{虽然主语不一致，但并不会产生任何的歧义}

But this does not worry me.

But I don’t worry about this. / But this is not worrying. / But I’m not worried about this. / But this is not a worry to / for me. ^替换表达

worry sb.  ^{使 sb. 烦恼 （使役动词）}

• Her illness worries me. ^{vt. 令…担忧}
• I worry about her illness. ^{vi. 感到担忧}
• The house worried me. ^{这房子使我担心。}
• My daughter worried me. ^{我女儿让我担心。}
• I was never worried about this. ^{我从来没有担心过这个。}
• This does not worry me. ^{这一点我并不担心。}

Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.

They don’t catch fish. + They catch old boots and rubbish. = Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.

instead of…  ^{我原准备做…但是后来做了…（后面的事一定是没有做的）}

• I went to school instead of staying at home. ^{我没呆在家里而是去上学了}
• I bought books instead of buying dresses.^{(替代买衣服)}
• We didn’t take the elevator. + We walked down the stairs. = Instead of taking the elevator, we walked down the stairs.
• If you don’t want a holiday in England, why don’t you go to Australia instead? ^{副词 instead“作为替代，反而”，单独使用时一般出现在句尾}

I am even less lucky.

less ^{adv. 较少地…}

• The book is less interesting than that one. ^{反义: more interesting（less lucky 反义: luckier）}

not even … ^{甚至连…都不/没有…}

• He never trusts anyone — not even his wife.

After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.

after + 名词/动名词  ^{(介词+doing 形式，从句主语必须是主句的主语时两种形式可互换)}

• After I go to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. ^{(用一般式表示一个事实, 不用 “went to” )}
• After going to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. ^{上学后，我学到了很多知识。}

'You must give up fishing!' my friends say.

give up doing sth. ^{放弃做某事 = stop doing}

• Give up smoking. ^{戒烟：停止吸烟，戒除烟瘾。}
• Did he give up or keep on trying?^{他是放弃了，还是在继续努力？}

I'm not really interested in fishing.

be interested in (doing) sth. ^{对…感兴趣}

• I’m interested in collecting stamps. ^集邮
• I'm not interested in sport.^{我对体育运动不感兴趣。}
• I'm very interested in history.^{我很喜欢历史。}

I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all！

be only interested in ^{我只对.. 有兴趣。}

• I am only interested in sitting in a boat. ^{我只对坐在船上感兴趣。}
• I am only interested in doing nothing at all！^{我只对什么都不做感兴趣!}

介宾 ^{（介宾后接宾语）}

• without catching anything  ^{《一册》知识点：宾语可以是动名词、名词、代词等。}
• Instead of catching fish
• After having spent whole mornings
• with an empty bag
• give up fishing
• a waste of time
• interested in fishing / sitting in a boat / doing nothing

动词+ing 作名词时称为动名词，它仍有动词的属性，可以接宾语、也可以代替名词做主语和宾语或介词宾语。

动名词用表示完成时的 having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前面，可以带动名词的介词有：before，after，without^{(I can’t watch TV without falling asleep.)}，instead of 等。动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加 not。

跟动名词的短语

• be keen on doing sth.（^{热忠于…）}
• be fond of,be interested in,enjoy doing sth.^{（喜欢做某事）}
• congratulations on doing sth. ^{（祝贺…）}
• be afraid of be up to=be capable of ^{(capable adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的)}

动词什么时候 + ing

大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。以-ed 结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用，表示人的情绪、状态、喜好等；以-ing 结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用，表明事物的某种特征、性质等。

简化句子的步骤^{(主语必须是同一个)}

doing 与having spent都是动名词，doing一般情况下表示的是主动或者正在进行。having spent 也是do+ing的形式，但他比普通的doing更高级，多了一层强调发生在之前的含义。这是因为having spent的原型是have spent现在完成时态变成的do+ing。所以都是doing但强调了发生在之前。

I have spent whole mornings on the river.I always go home with an empty bag. ^(after)

• After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.
• I always go home with an empty bag, after having spent whole mornings on the river.

He sat there. He did not say anything. ^(without)

• He sat there without saying anythin.