Lesson 3 Matterhorn man马特霍恩山区人定语从句 并列句 比较级

Matterhorn man ^{alliteration 头韵}

• Writers often use alliteration to create rhythm and emphasis in poetry.
• “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers” is an example of alliteration.
• Using alliteration can make headlines more memorable and catchy.

Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.

modern ^现代的

• I had little acquaintance with modern poetry. ^{我对现代诗所知甚少。}
• The rubbish in modern landfills does not rot. ^{现代垃圾填埋场里的垃圾不会腐烂。}
• The gallery houses 2 000 works of modern art. ^{美术馆收藏了2 000件现代艺术作品。}
• Modern fertilizers should be used judiciously. ^{现代化肥应被明智地使用。}

sport ^{n. [U] fun; amusement 乐趣}

• Swimming in the sea gives you good sport.
• He tormented the cat only for sport.
• They rescued humans out of curiosity or for sport.
• …which will give them good sport, … ↔…which will give them good / a lot of fun, …

On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship.

The 比较级 ... , the 比较级 ... ^{比较级句型 (越…越…) 两个the 分别放在句首，前从句(先翻译)，后主句}

• The younger the child is, the more is the child's need of sleep. ^{主句中的【主语太长】可以用【倒装】}
• The younger the child, the more the child's need of sleep. ^{如果谓语是be动词，且主语不是代词，则be动词【可省略】（可省一个留一个）}
• The stronger the magnet is, the greater is the number of lines of magnetic force. ^{主句主语长用倒装（避免头重脚轻）}
• The higher the standard of living is, the greater is the amount of paper used.
• I play (the) better, the more I practice. ^{【变化形式】前半句放句中，后半句放句首（后从前主）The more I practice, the better l' play.}
• They became (the) hungrier ^{（前半句是主句）}, the harder they worked.^{【变化形式】后半句是从句(从后往前翻译)}

A compound is considered the more stable, the smaller its potential energy. ^{翻译真题练习(前主后从)}

• ... of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes.
• ... because the dust becomes thinner the further we travel towards the outer edges of our own solar system.
• Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes is, the higher will be the premium you will have to pay.
• The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. ^{你越努力，就会取得越大的进步。}
• The more he gets, the more he wants. ^{他得到越多，想要的也越多。}
• The more democracy spreads, the stronger become the forces of peace. ^{倒装（谓语不能省）}
• The greater the percentage of such customers is, the weaker is the argument’s evidence as an indication of customer satisfaction with the change.

* In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. 

case ^{真实的情况（实情）}

• No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case.
• This is not the case at all. ^{这完全不是实情}
• This is not always the case. ^{这并不总是实情。}
• This is indeed the case. ^{这的确是实情}
• This might not be the case. ^{这可能不是实情。}
• This is not necessarily the case. ^{这不一定(未必)是实情}

The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before.

the early climbers ^{早期的登山者}

prize ^{荣誉；目标; 奖赏 （暗喻）sense of pride / honor / accomplishment 自豪感、荣誉感、成就感}

• The summit was the prize they longed for. ^荣誉
• Victory was a prize worth any risk. ^目标
• He worked hard to win the prize of promotion. ^奖赏

I came, I saw, I conquered!  ——Julius Caesar ^{(原文是拉丁语：Veni, vidi, vici.)}

seek ^{v. try to achieve sth. 寻求；寻找；探索；搜索}

• seek refuge / asylum
• seek compensation 
• seek advice
• The incumbent president will not seek reelection. ^寻求连任
• Virgo woman seeks Scorpio man. ^找对象
• She sought advice from her mentor. ^寻求
• He sought compensation for the damage. ^追求
• They sought a safer path to the peak. ^探索

It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

* It is true that ..., but ... ^{诚然…但…(让步、转折经常用于议论文)}

• It was true that he had just bought a lamb, but his lamb was black. ^{NCE3 L16}
• It is true that they faced danger, but they didn’t seek it. ^{诚然他们面对危险，但他们并非刻意追求。}
• It is true that she is young, but she is very competent. ^{诚然她很年轻，但她非常能干。}

It is true that China is still a developing country, but she is full of potential / potentialities. ^{诚然中国还是一个发展中国家，但她却充满潜力。}

be faced / confronted with ^{面临着、面对着...}

• China is faced / confronted with the problem of overpopulation. ^{中国正面临人口过剩的问题。}
• They were faced / confronted with a serious economic crisis. ^{他们面临着严重的经济危机。}
• Animals confronted with uncontrollable situations may behave passively later. ^{动物在无法控制的情况下可能会表现出消极的行为。}

But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. ^{六级阅读真题}

of ... nature ^{某种类型的… 做后置定语，修饰前面的名词}

• I can’t approve of things of this nature. ^这种事
• treaties of a political nature ^{政治性的条约}
• books of an erotic nature ^{色情的书刊}
• questions of an academic nature ^{学术性的问题}
• articles of a technical nature ^{技术性的文章}
• dangers of the most perilous nature ^{极其危险的危险}

be equipped with ^装备上

• The soldiers were equipped with night vision goggles. ^{士兵配备了夜视仪。}
• This car is equipped with the latest safety system. ^{这辆车配备了最新的安全系统。}
• The city was even equipped with a drainage system.
• Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.

in a manner ^{以…方式(a manner单数)}

• He spoke in a manner that impressed everyone. ^{他说话的方式让所有人印象深刻。}
• She behaved in a manner not suitable for the occasion. ^{她的行为方式不适合这个场合。}
• The machine works in a manner that saves energy. ^{这台机器的工作方式很节能。}

at the … of … ^{【时间状语短语】一…就...}

• She screamed at the sight of the ghost. ^{一看到就…}
• She trembled at the thought of the murder. ^{一想到就…}
• She woke at the sound of the bell. ^{一听到就...}
• She fainted at the news of her father’s death.  ^{一 获得（消息）就…}
• She wept at the mention of the accident.^{一提到就…} 

Riot police were patrolling the stadium, equipped in a manner which would make a soccer hooligan shudder at the sight. ^{防暴警察在体育场外巡逻，装备得使足球流氓一看到就不寒而栗。}

go out of one's way (to do ...) ^{不怕麻烦地 / 特意做…}

• Please don't go out of your way for me. ^{请别为我特意麻烦。}
• It was very kind of you to go out of your way to meet us at the airport. ^{专门、专程}
• He went out of his way to help the new employee. ^{他特意去帮助那位新员工。}
• They went out of their way to welcome us. ^{他们不辞辛劳地欢迎我们。}

They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top! ^{同义词连用(重要的事情说三遍)}

a single aim, a solitary goal ^{唯一的目标（同义词连用，用于加强语气）}

• She had a single aim, a solitary goal -- to win the championship. ^{她只有一个目标——赢得冠军。}
• He lived his life with a single aim, a solitary goal — to find the truth. ^{他一生的目标就是寻找真理。}
• The explorers pushed forward with a single aim, a solitary goal — the summit. ^{探险者们只有一个目标——登顶。}

词语重复以加强语气 ^{强调情感或语气}

• 虚情假意、山盟海誓、千刀万剐、深仇大恨 ^中文举例
• I'm sick and tired of your excuses / silliness. ^{我受够了你的借口。}
• She always complains of her aches and pains. ^{她总是抱怨这疼那疼。}
• He never wants to pick and choose. ^{他从不挑三拣四。}

It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers.

it is hard for sb. to do sth. ^{sb.很难去做某事}

• It is hard for me to believe that he did this.
• It is hard for students to concentrate during long lectures.
• It is hard for animals to survive in extreme weather conditions.

Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.

except for / but for ^{除了 / 若没有...}

• Except for your help, I couldn’t have finished the project. ^{若没有你的帮助，我无法完成这个项目}
• But for the rain, we would have gone hiking. ^{若不是下雨，我们就去远足了}
• I would buy a Mercedes except / but (that) I am poor.  ^{真实（接宾语从句后面的for要去掉）}
• I would buy a Mercedes if I were rich. ^虚拟

 Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.

Zermatt / Chamonix ^{地名：滑雪/登山胜地}

• Zermatt is a famous ski resort in Switzerland. ^{Zermatt是瑞士著名的滑雪胜地}
• Chamonix is the cradle of modern mountaineering. ^{Chamonix是现代登山的发源地}

tend to do ^{往往（常常）、倾向于（客观的趋势）}

• People tend to need less sleep when they get older. 
• Women tend to live longer than men.
• People tend to trust familiar brands. ^{人们往往信任熟悉的品牌}
• Teenagers tend to stay up late. ^{青少年往往熬夜}
• We tend to forget things when we're tired. ^{我们疲惫时往往会忘事}

settlements ^{居民点、村庄}

• Many settlements were established near rivers. ^{许多居民点建立在河流附近}
• The early settlements faced harsh conditions. ^{早期居民点面临恶劣环境}
• These small settlements gradually turned into towns. ^{这些小村落逐渐变成了城镇}

 (which were) cut off from civilization ^{与文明隔绝(相当于定语从句，定语的关系代词做主语，如果是Be动词，则可以同时省略)}

Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food was simply local cheese accompanied by bread often 12 months old, all washed down with coarse wine. ^{并列句，省掉了谓语动词be（was）}

inn ^{乡下小旅馆}

• We stayed at a cozy inn in the mountains. ^{我们住在山里的一个舒适的小旅馆}
• The old inn has been turned into a museum. ^{这家老旅馆被改成了博物馆}
• They opened a new inn near the hiking trail. ^{他们在徒步小径附近开了家新旅馆}

such / the same / as / so + 先行词 + as … ^{限定性定语从句（不用which和that）}

• I need the same tool as you are using. / I need such a tool as you are using. / I need as useful a tool as you are using.
• I want such a phone as you have. ^{我想要你那种手机}
• She needs the same book as I read. ^{她需要我读过的那本书}
• We admire such people as help others. ^{我们敬佩那些帮助他人的人}

并列句中谓语动词课省略

• …; the food (was) simply local cheese accompanied by bread often 12 months old.
• …,for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never (has) more than six.
• Paul likes poetry, and Peter (likes) fiction.
• Paul likes poetry, and I know that Peter likes fiction. 

accompany ^{vt.伴随（常见被动）}

• The disease is accompanied by sneezing and fever.
• strong winds accompanied by heavy rain ^非谓语
• The fever is accompanied by a severe cough. ^{发烧伴随着严重咳嗽}
• Success is often accompanied by stress. ^{成功常伴随压力}
• The meal was accompanied by fine wine. ^{这顿饭配上了美酒}

wash down with ^{用…送(服)下}

• We ate some sausage, and washed it down with whiskey.
• He washed down the pill with water. ^{他用水把药咽了下去。}
• She washed the meal down with beer. ^{她用啤酒把这顿饭吃下去。}
• They washed down the cake with coffee. ^{他们用咖啡吃下蛋糕。}

Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could --sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.

boast ^{（事物）拥有；（人）自夸}

• The town boasts a rich history. ^{这座城拥有丰富的历史}
• The school boasts excellent facilities. ^{这所学校拥有一流设施}
• He boasts of his achievements constantly. ^{他总是夸耀自己的成就}

shelter ^{住处、庇护所（不可数）}

• Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are basic necessities of daily life. ^{衣食住行【不可数】}
• They found shelter under a tree. ^{他们在树下找到了避难处}
• Many refugees need food and shelter. ^{许多难民需要食物和住处}
• The cave provided shelter from the storm. ^{山洞为他们挡住了风暴}

Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. ^{两个同谓语}

invariably ^{总是、不变地}

• Invariably, he arrives late. ^{他总是迟到}
• Invariably, the result is the same. ^{结果总是一样的}
• Invariably, she chooses chocolate. ^{她总是选巧克力}

For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

be accustomed to sth. / doing ^{习惯于做某事}

• Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen, and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos.
• He is accustomed to working late. ^{他习惯了晚工作}
• She is accustomed to the cold. ^{她习惯了寒冷}
• They are accustomed to city life. ^{他们习惯了城市生活}

法式套餐之7道菜 ^常识

1. appetizer
2. soup
3. fish
4. main dish
5. salad
6. dessert
7. beverage