Lesson 3 Matterhorn man马特霍恩山区人

Matterhorn man

alliteration ^头韵

• Writers often use alliteration ^头韵 to create rhythm and emphasis in poetry.
• “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers” is an example of alliteration ^头韵.
• Using alliteration ^头韵 can make headlines more memorable and catchy.

Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.

modern ^现代的

sport ^乐趣

• Swimming in the sea gives you good sport ^乐趣.
• He tormented the cat only for sport ^乐趣.
• They rescued humans out of curiosity or for sport ^乐趣.

比较级句型 ^{越……越……}

• The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. ^{你越努力，就会取得越大的进步。}
• The more he gets, the more he wants. ^{他得到越多，想要的也越多。}
• The stronger the magnet, the greater the number of lines of magnetic force. ^{磁铁越强，磁力线的数量就越多。}

In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.

case ^{真实的情况}

• This is not always the case. ^{这并不总是实情。}
• This is indeed the case. ^{这确实是实情。}
• This might not be the case. ^{这可能不是实情。}

The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before.

the early climbers ^{早期的登山者}

prize ^{荣誉；目标}

• The summit was the prize ^荣誉 they longed for.
• Victory was a prize ^目标 worth any risk.
• He worked hard to win the prize ^奖赏 of promotion.

seek ^{寻求；追求}

• She sought ^寻求 advice from her mentor.
• He sought ^追求 compensation for the damage.
• They sought ^探索 a safer path to the peak.

It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

It is true that..., but... ^{诚然……但……}

• It is true that China is still a developing country, but she is full of potential. ^{诚然中国还是一个发展中国家，但她却充满潜力。}
• It was true that he had just bought a lamb, but his lamb was black. ^{诚然他刚买了一只羊，但那是只黑羊。}
• It is true that they faced danger, but they didn’t seek it. ^{诚然他们面对危险，但他们并非刻意追求。}

It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

It is true that ..., but ... ^{诚然……但……}

but / yet that is not to say that ^{这并不是说}

• He is intelligent, but that is not to say that he is always right. ^{他很聪明，但这并不代表他总是对的。}

be faced / confronted with ^面临着

• China is faced with the problem of overpopulation. ^{中国正面临人口过剩的问题。}
• They were confronted with a serious economic crisis. ^{他们面临着严重的经济危机。}
• Animals confronted with uncontrollable situations may behave passively later. ^{动物在无法控制的情况下可能会表现出消极的行为。}

of a ... nature ^{某种类型的……}

• dangers of the most perilous nature ^{极其危险的危险}
• books of an erotic nature ^{色情性质的书刊}
• articles of a technical nature ^{技术性的文章}

be equipped with ^装备上

• The soldiers were equipped with night vision goggles. ^{士兵配备了夜视仪。}
• This car is equipped with the latest safety system. ^{这辆车配备了最新的安全系统。}
• The city was even equipped with a drainage system. ^{这个城市甚至配有排水系统。}

in a manner ^{以……方式}

• He spoke in a manner that impressed everyone. ^{他说话的方式让所有人印象深刻。}
• She behaved in a manner not suitable for the occasion. ^{她的行为方式不适合这个场合。}
• The machine works in a manner that saves energy. ^{这台机器的工作方式很节能。}

at the thought of ^{一想到……}

• She trembled at the thought of the murder. ^{一想到谋杀她就发抖。}
• He laughed at the thought of his childhood antics. ^{一想到小时候的恶作剧他就笑了。}
• She screamed at the sight of the ghost. ^{一看到鬼她就尖叫。}

go out of one's way (to do) ^{不怕麻烦地特意做……}

• Please don't go out of your way for me. ^{请别为我特意麻烦。}
• He went out of his way to help the new employee. ^{他特意去帮助那位新员工。}
• They went out of their way to welcome us. ^{他们不辞辛劳地欢迎我们。}

They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!

a single aim, a solitary goal ^{唯一的目标}

• She had a single aim, a solitary goal -- to win the championship. ^{她只有一个目标——赢得冠军。}
• He lived his life with a single aim, a solitary goal — to find the truth. ^{他一生的目标就是寻找真理。}
• The explorers pushed forward with a single aim, a solitary goal — the summit. ^{探险者们只有一个目标——登顶。}

词语重复以加强语气 ^{强调情感或语气}

• I'm sick and tired of your excuses. ^{我受够了你的借口。}
• She always complains about her aches and pains. ^{她总是抱怨这疼那疼。}
• He never wants to pick and choose. ^{他从不挑三拣四。}

It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers.

it is hard for us to do sth. ^{我们很难去做某事}

• It is hard for me to believe ^{我很难相信} that he did this.
• It is hard for students to concentrate ^{学生很难集中注意力} during long lectures.
• It is hard for animals to survive ^{动物很难生存} in extreme weather conditions.

Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.

except for / but for ^{除了 / 若没有}

• Except for your help, I couldn’t have finished the project. ^{若没有你的帮助，我无法完成这个项目}
• But for the rain, we would have gone hiking. ^{若不是下雨，我们就去远足了}
• If it were not for her advice, I would be lost. ^{若没有她的建议，我就迷路了}

Zermatt / Chamonix ^{地名：滑雪/登山胜地}

• Zermatt is a famous ski resort in Switzerland. ^{Zermatt是瑞士著名的滑雪胜地}
• Chamonix is the cradle of modern mountaineering. ^{Chamonix是现代登山的发源地}

tend to do ^{往往、倾向于}

• People tend to trust familiar brands. ^{人们往往信任熟悉的品牌}
• Teenagers tend to stay up late. ^{青少年往往熬夜}
• We tend to forget things when we're tired. ^{我们疲惫时往往会忘事}

settlements ^{居民点、村庄}

• Many settlements were established near rivers. ^{许多居民点建立在河流附近}
• The early settlements faced harsh conditions. ^{早期居民点面临恶劣环境}
• These small settlements gradually turned into towns. ^{这些小村落逐渐变成了城镇}

cut off from civilization ^{与文明隔绝}

Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often 12 months old, all washed down with coarse wine.

inn ^{乡下小旅馆}

• We stayed at a cozy inn in the mountains. ^{我们住在山里的一个舒适的小旅馆}
• The old inn has been turned into a museum. ^{这家老旅馆被改成了博物馆}
• They opened a new inn near the hiking trail. ^{他们在徒步小径附近开了家新旅馆}

such ... as ^{像...这样的}

• I want such a phone as you have. ^{我想要你那种手机}
• She needs the same book as I read. ^{她需要我读过的那本书}
• We admire such people as help others. ^{我们敬佩那些帮助他人的人}

accompany ^伴随

• The fever is accompanied by a severe cough. ^{发烧伴随着严重咳嗽}
• Success is often accompanied by stress. ^{成功常伴随压力}
• The meal was accompanied by fine wine. ^{这顿饭配上了美酒}

wash down with ^用…送下

• He washed down the pill with water. ^{他用水把药咽了下去}
• She washed the meal down with beer. ^{她用啤酒把这顿饭吃下去}
• They washed down the cake with coffee. ^{他们用咖啡吃下蛋糕}

Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could --sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.

boast ^{（事物）拥有；（人）自夸}

• The town boasts a rich history. ^{这座城拥有丰富的历史}
• The school boasts excellent facilities. ^{这所学校拥有一流设施}
• He boasts of his achievements constantly. ^{他总是夸耀自己的成就}

shelter ^{住处、庇护所（不可数）}

• They found shelter under a tree. ^{他们在树下找到了避难处}
• Many refugees need food and shelter. ^{许多难民需要食物和住处}
• The cave provided shelter from the storm. ^{山洞为他们挡住了风暴}

Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable.

invariably ^{总是、不变地}

• Invariably, he arrives late. ^{他总是迟到}
• Invariably, the result is the same. ^{结果总是一样的}
• Invariably, she chooses chocolate. ^{她总是选巧克力}

For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

be accustomed to doing ^{习惯于做某事}

• He is accustomed to working late. ^{他习惯了晚工作}
• She is accustomed to the cold. ^{她习惯了寒冷}
• They are accustomed to city life. ^{他们习惯了城市生活}