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加里开车速度非常快，于是警察拦住了他。警察告诉加里，他当时肯定是以每小时七十英里的速度行驶的。加里对此予以否认，但警察坚持说，在超过他时他确实是以每小时八十英里的速度行驶的。当警察询问限速标志的情况时，加里声称自己一定是睡着了。安立刻反驳加里，并解释说她一直叫他开慢点。由于她的解释，加里承认自己没有看到那个标志。警察这次决定不对加里进行处罚，但警告他不要再这样做了。加里承诺会更加小心，而安则提醒他下次要听从她的建议。
Gary was driving very fast, so a policeman stopped him. The policeman told Gary that he must have been driving at seventy miles an hour. Gary denied this, but the policeman insisted that he had been doing eighty when he overtook Gary. When the policeman asked about the speed limit sign, Gary claimed that he must have been dreaming. Ann immediately contradicted Gary and explained that she had been telling him to drive slowly. Because of her words, Gary admitted that he had not seen the sign. The policeman decided not to charge Gary this time, but he warned Gary not to do it again. Gary promised to be more careful, and Ann reminded him to take her advice next time.
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* Where do you think you are?（插入语）
| 特殊疑问词 | 插入语 | 其它 |
|---|---|---|
| Where | do you think | |
| When | ||
| How | do you feel | he will do it? 你认为他会怎么办？ |
Where… you are? 插入语让疑问变陈述句语序
| Who are you? | Who do you think you are? 你以为你是谁啊？ |
| When will he come？ | When do you think he will come？你认为他什么时候会来？ |
| How will he do it？ | How do you feel he will do it？你认为他会怎么办？ |
为什么添加插入语后需要陈述句语序？因为变成了一般疑问句的【宾语从句】
| 原句 | 修改后(一般疑问句的宾语从句) |
|---|---|
| What do you suppose he will do? | Do you suppose (that) what he will do? |
分析句型结构
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语从句 |
|---|---|---|
| You | suppose | what he will do.（一般疑问句的主谓宾结构） |
宾语从句规则：一定是陈述句，不可以提问 (插入语从疑问句变成了陈述句语序的原因)
You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour. 你当时一定是以 70 英里的时速开车的。
fifty miles an hour 每小时50英里 at 以 ... 时速在 ...
| I can’t have been. | I can't have been driving at seventy miles an hour. |
| 在上下文都明白的情况下，是可以使用这样简约的方式回答问题的。 | |
I was doing eighty when I overtook you.
| I was driving at eighty 我正在做80？ | I was driving at eighty miles an hour when I overtook you. |
| 描述了在过去某一时刻以每小时80英里的速度正在进行的驾驶行为（避免重复表达）。 | |
That’s why I didn’t see the sign. 这就是我没有看见那牌子的原因。
That’s why + 句子 那就是 ... 原因(why)
- That’s why I learn English. 这就是我学英语的原因。
- That’s why I hate you. 这就是我讨厌你的原因。
- That’s why I invited him to my birthday party. 这就是我邀请他我的生日派对的原因。
- That’s why I charge you ¥100. 这就是我罚你 100 元的原因。
I’ll certainly be more careful. 我以后肯定会更加小心的（副词表推测）
It will certainly be more expensive. 这以后肯定会更贵的。
certainly adv. 肯定/一定 表决心，强调观点
You’d better take my advice.
take one’s advice(不可数) 听取劝告
- take her advice
- take his advice
- take your advice
| 一般现在时态的推测 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 情态动词 + be + 非动词 | 情态动词 + 动词 | ||
| must be… 肯定是 | This structure must be stable. | must … 肯定是 | Claire's car wasn't there, so she must have gone to her mother's. |
| can’t be… 不可能 | I can't be in two places at once. | can’t … 不可能 | He can’t know that. |
| may be… 可能是 | The horse may be nervous of cars. | may … 可能是 | I may be back next year. |
| 一般过去时态的推测(借用现在完成时) | |||
| 情态动词 + have been + 非动词 | 情态动词 + have + done(过去分词) | ||
| must have been… 那时肯定是 | He must have been tall when he was young. | must have … 那时肯定… | He must have played basketball well when he was young. |
| can’t have been… 那时不可能是 | He can’t have been rich before. | can’t have … 那时不可能… | He can’t have made a lot of money before. |
| may have been… 那时可能是 | She may have been scarred for life. | may have … 那时可能… | He may have put pressure on her to agree. |
| 现在进行时态的推测 | 过去进行时态的推测(借用现在完成时) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| must be doing… 此刻肯定正在… | He must be sleeping now. | must have been doing… 那时肯定正在… | She must have been studying all night. |
| can’t be doing…此刻不可能正在… | He can’t be studying now. | can’t have been doing…那时不可能正在… | I can’t have been dreaming at class. |
| may be doing…此刻可能正在… | They may be shredding documents. | may have been doing…那时可能正在… | She may have been waiting for you at the cafe. |
在英文中一般不会使用【现在完成时】来表推测，因为现在完成时是已完成，既然已完成就无需再推测。
| had to ... 不得不(过去式) | must have been ... 过去肯定表推测 |
|---|---|
|
|
交通警察（traffic policeman）、交通信号灯（traffic lights）、罚单（a ticket）、"No Parking"（禁止停车）、"No right turn"（禁止右转）和"No U-turn"（禁止掉头）是常见的交通相关词汇。
相关短语
| 英文短语 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|
| Drive a car | 开车 |
| Hit the road | 出发，上路 |
| Buckle up | 系好安全带 |
| Fasten your seatbelt | 系好安全带 |
| Start the engine | 启动引擎 |
| Put the pedal to the metal | 踩油门，加速 |
| Change lanes | 换道 |
| Merge into traffic | 合并进入交通流 |
| Keep a safe distance | 保持安全距离 |
| Come to a full stop | 完全停下来 |
| Pull over | 靠边停车 |
| Park the car | 停车 |
| Give way | 让行 |
| Yield to pedestrians | 给行人让路 |
| Stay in your lane | 保持在你的车道内 |
| Signal a turn | 打转向灯 |
| Follow the speed limit | 遵守限速 |
| Check blind spots | 注意盲点 |
| Navigate through traffic | 在交通中驾驶 |
| Be a defensive driver | 保持主动防御驾驶 |
练习题
-
do you think has stolen your pen? 单选题
A、 WhoB、 WhomC、 WhoseD、 What -
What do you suppose ? 单选题
A、 will he doB、 he will doC、 do he willD、 will he -
That man must be Sarah’s husband. — No, he be her husband. She is still single. 单选题
A、 can’tB、 mustn’tC、 mayD、 must -
Peter come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure. 单选题
A、 can’tB、 mayC、 mustD、 mustn’t -
What is it? - It be a mail box, for it is moving. It be a car. 单选题
A、 can; mustB、 can't; mustC、 mustn't; mustD、 mustn't; can