Lesson 34 Adolescence 青春期

Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed.

upset ^{adj. unhappy, worried or angry 不是滋味...(不爽...)、不高兴的}

• Don’t upset the apple cart. ^{不要无事生非。}
• We are bitterly upset at what has happened. ^{我们对发生的事感到极其难过。}
• It is little wonder (that) she was so upset. ^{她如此心烦意乱，并不奇怪。}

regard … as a slur on … ^{认为…是对…的诋毁/侮辱}

• The players regarded the referee's decision as a slur on their sportsmanship. ^{球员们认为裁判的决定是对他们体育精神的诋毁。}
• I regard myself as a bad person. ^{我把自己看作一个坏人。}
• We regard her as our younger sister. ^{我们把她当做自己的妹妹。}
• We should regard failure as a chance to learn.^{我们应该把失败视为学习的机会。}
• She regards the suggestion as a serious insult.^{她认为这个建议是对她的严重侮辱。}

be … enough to do sth. ^{足够…以至于可以做某事}

• He was brave enough to speak the truth in front of the crowd. ^{他足够勇敢，敢于在人群面前说出真相。}
• I'm not strong enough to carry him. ^{我不够强壮，抱不动他。}
• I was stupid enough to believe him. ^{我可真够糊涂的，竟然相信他的话。}

annoy ^{v. 使恼怒；打扰}

• The constant noise from the construction site began to annoy the neighbors. ^{施工现场不断的噪音开始让邻居们感到恼火。}
• She tends to annoy people. ^{她的举止往往惹人烦。}
• His constant joking was beginning to annoy her. ^{他不停地开玩笑，已开始惹她生气。}

They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents.

accuse sb. of sth. ^{指控/指责某人某事(情绪化，暴跳如雷)}

• Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. 
• The police accused him of theft.^{警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。}
• The manager accused him of leaking confidential information to the press. ^{经理指责他向媒体泄露机密信息。} 
• He was accused of theft after the missing watch was found in his bag. ^{失踪的手表在他的包里被发现后，他被指控犯有盗窃罪。}

make a remark about / on … ^{对…发表评论/谈论}

• She made a sharp remark about the poor quality of the service. ^{她对服务质量之差发表了尖锐的评论。}
• Let me make a remark about questions, which is — today's mostly business. ^{让我对问题做一个评论，目前最主要的事情是什么。}
• Whan an inept remark to make on such a formal occasion. ^{在如此正式的场合，怎么说这样不恰当的话。}

Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and make them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit.

descent into ... ^{陷入（某种负面状态）；坠入}

• her gradual descent into alcoholism 
• His descent into crime was rapid. 
• The country’s descent into civil war was rapid and devastating. ^{该国陷入内战的过程迅速且具有破坏性。}

on the part of sb. / on sb.’s part ^{由某人作出的}

• It was a mistake on my part. 
• It was a mistake on the part of the authorities. 
• There is a unanimous demand on the part of the parents for a cut in tuition. 

It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.  ^阅读真题

for one’s part ^{就某人而言；对某人来说}

• For my part, I prefer living in the city. 
• Napoleon's army was weakened and the British, for their part, were eager to attack. 
• For my part, I am happy to support the new proposal. ^{就我而言，我很乐意支持这项新提案。}

Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. ^阅读真题
Blacks have significantly shorter life spans, in part due to racism in the health establishment. 

resolve a problem / dispute ^{解决问题 / 争端}

• The two countries are seeking a peaceful way to resolve the border dispute. ^{两国正在寻求和平解决边界争端的方法。}
• Can I get in touch with a guest to resolve a problem? ^{我可以联系客人来解决问题吗？}
• A lawsuit is a method by which persons resolve a dispute.^{诉讼是人们解决纠纷的一种方式。}

in future ^{今后；从今往后（指从现在开始）}

• Please be more careful in future when handling these delicate instruments. ^{今后处理这些精密仪器时请更加小心。} 
• In future, make sure the door is never left unlocked. ^{从今以后，千万别忘记锁好门户。}
• Whether he will continue to be successful in future is open to doubt. ^{他今后能否继续获得成功值得怀疑。}

Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.

before long ^{不久；很快}

• If you keep practicing, you will be able to speak fluently before long. ^{如果你坚持练习，不久你就能说得很流利了。}
• Before long, we were deep in conversation. ^{我们很快就进入深谈。}
• German interest rates will come down before long. ^{德国的利率不久就会降下来。}

will be doing ^{确定的将来（可预见性）}

• He will soon be working in an office. 
• She would be going to a fancy dress party with her husband. 

be secretive about … ^{对…守口如瓶；神神秘秘}

• The company has been very secretive about its new product design. ^{公司对其新产品的设计一直守口如瓶。}
• Godness knows what they're being so secretive about. ^{两个人鬼鬼祟祟的，不知说些什么。}
• There is nothing secretive about the Ombudman's work. ^{司法特派员的工作没有任何秘密可言。}

bring sth. to … ^{给…带来某物；将某事提交给…}

• I’ll bring your tea to you. 
• The new CEO brought a fresh perspective to the company. ^{新任首席执行官给公司带来了全新的视角。}

自作自受的表达

• You deserve it. ^{你应得的。}
• You got what you deserve. ^{你得到了你应得的。}
• You’re asking for it. ^{这是你自找的。}
• It serves you right. ^{你活该;自作自受}
• It’s of your own making. ^{这是你自己造成的。}
• As you’ve made your bed, now you have to lie on it. ^{不作死就不会死，搬起石头砸自己脚。}

Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. ^{插入语突出了主句的重要性}

disillusionment with... ^{对…的幻灭/觉醒}

• Disillusionment with the parents is to some degree inevitable. ^句子主干
• The young men were disillusioned with their quest for cultural identity. ^{这些年轻人对寻找文化认同感到幻灭。}
• But it is also the result of Russian disillusionment with America. ^{但这也是俄罗斯对美国幻想破灭的结果。}
• Many young people express their disillusionment with the current political system.^{许多年轻人表达了他们对当前政治制度的幻灭。}

inevitable ^{adj.必然发生的，不可避免的；总会发生的，惯常的}

Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable. — John F. Kennedy 

• With the clouds gathering, a heavy rainstorm seemed inevitable. ^{随着乌云聚集，一场暴雨似乎不可避免。}
• It was inevitable that there would be job losses. ^{裁员已是不可避免的事。}
• It was an inevitable consequence of the decision. ^{那是这个决定的必然后果。}

Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.

Most children have such a high ideal of their parents that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. ^{结果状语从句}

have a high ideal of sb. ^{对某人有很高的理想化评价；视某人为完美的榜样}

• Try to have a high ideal of ourselves. Don’t have such a high ideal of others. 
• Young students often have a high ideal of their teachers. ^{年幼的学生通常对他们的老师抱有很高的理想化评价。}
• He speaks English with such a perfect accent that I thought he was a native speaker.^{他讲英语的口音如此完美，以至于我以为他是母语人士。}

stand up to sth. = withstand sth.  ^{经受住/顶住（考验、评估等）}

• China has stood up to the Asian financial crisis. 
• I’m afraid that children today can hardly stand up to hardship. 
• The old car somehow managed to stand up to the rigorous test.^{那辆旧车不知何故经受住了严苛的测试。}
• Their idealized view can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.^{他们理想化的观点几乎不可能经受住现实的评估。}
• The new hiking boots are designed to stand up to the roughest terrain. ^{这款新远足靴旨在经受住最崎岖的地形。}

动词 + up to

Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child.

mean ^{v.对...重要}

• It means a lot to me.  = It matters to me. 
• You know how much you mean to me. ^{你知道你对我有多重要。}
• The idea that she witnessed this shameful incident meant nothing to him.  ^{他知道她目击了这可耻的一幕，但这对他来说并不重要。}

表达“对...很重要”

• It weighs heavily with me. 
• It makes a lot of difference to me. 

have belief in … ^{相信…的存在；信仰…}

• Despite the challenges, she still has a strong belief in the basic goodness of people. ^{尽管挑战重重，她依然坚信人性本善。}
• I don't have belief in ads.  ^{我不相信广告。}
• We have a very simple belief that everyone involved in a divorce is a griever. ^{我们有一个非常简单的信念，即离婚的每个人都很痛苦。}

If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

be prepared for... ^{为…做好准备}

• Always be prepared for unexpected expenses.^{始终为意想不到的开支做好准备。}
• The emergency services were prepared for the heavy storm. ^{应急服务部门已为强风暴做好了准备。}

1. Woman: Political science class ran overtime.
2. Man: That’s been happening quite a bit lately, hasn’t it? 
3. Woman: I guess so. Actually, what happens is that a bunch of us hang around for a while after class to talk with our professor and ask him questions. 
4. Man: Who is this twentieth century‘s Socrates?
5. Woman: Professor Howl. Have you heard of him?
6. Man: Hum, he does have a good reputation in the political science department.
7. Woman: And a well deserved one. The same students who fall asleep in discussion groups and seminars fight for front-row seats in his lectures.
8. Man: Oh, no. I hope this isn’t catching.
9. Woman: You can joke. But it‘s great to have a professor who’s not only interesting but prepared to give up time to students.
10. Man:  I know. They are a rare breed. Maybe I should sit in on his class some time. Do you think he’d care?
11. Woman:  Not at all. Lots of students bring their friends, and he says he feels flattered.

power(s) ^{n. ability 能力；智力；功能}

• As he grew older, he began to lose his powers of memory. ^{随着年龄增长，他的记忆力开始衰退。}
• After the accident, he lost the power of speech. 

drive sb. to do … ^{驱使/迫使某人做某事}

• It was his violent behavior that drove her to leave home. 
• His ambition drove him to work eighteen hours a day. ^{他的野心驱使他每天工作十八个小时。}

The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust.

The key word to have closer relations with adolescent children is ‘sincerity’. 

with ^{prep.由于(熟记僻义)}

• She was dying with hunger. ^{因为太饿，所以快要死了。}
•  Gil was white and trembling with anger.  ^{吉尔由于生气，脸色煞白，浑身发抖。}

passion for sth. ^{对…的热情(感情名词后通常接介词 for)}

• His lifelong passion for music led him to become a conductor.^{他对音乐的终身热情使他成为一名指挥家。}
• The new design team showed a great passion for innovation.^{新的设计团队对创新表现出极大的热情。}
• Her passion for him was not reciprocated. ^{她对他的热情没有得到回应。}

What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.

refusal to do sth. ^{(名词)拒绝做某事}

• The bank's refusal to grant the loan caused significant financial difficulty.^{银行拒绝发放贷款造成了重大的财政困难。}
• His stubborn refusal to compromise led to the breakdown of negotiations.^{他顽固地拒绝妥协导致了谈判破裂。}
• His radicalism and refusal to compromise isolated him. ^{他的激进和拒绝让步使他受到了孤立。}

know sb. / sth. to do ^{固定搭配“知道 ...”}

• I know him to be very honest. 
• He didn't know how to begin. ^{他不知道如何开场。}
• How did I know to do this? ^{我怎么知道如何做这些？}

Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt.

keep / maintain / retain one’s dignity ^{保持/维护尊严}

• Even in the face of defeat, he managed to maintain his dignity. ^{即使面对失败，他仍努力保持自己的尊严。}
• Despite the criticism, the CEO managed to keep his dignity.^{尽管受到批评，这位首席执行官仍设法保持了尊严。}
• He always tried to keep his dignity in public, regardless of the circumstances.^{他总是试图在公共场合保持尊严，无论情况如何。}

patriarchy ^{n.父权制；家长统治；父系社会}

• That's not very different from what patriarchy always says about women. ^{这跟父权文化对女人的一贯看法并没有很大差别。}
• Then there is the Middle East, where traditional patriarchy still holds sway. ^{接着便是中东，在这里传统的父系社会仍然占据着统治地位。}
• In ancient China, hierarchy and patriarchy immured women in their home. ^{中国古代：等级制和男权将女性“幽禁”在家庭内部。}

do nothing of the kind ^{绝不那样做；根本没做那回事}

• I can assure you I did nothing of the kind.
• They asked him to resign, but he did nothing of the kind. ^{他们要求他辞职，但他绝不那样做。}

否定 + but ^{不是...而是...}

• But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids. 
• It was not the wind but a stray cat that made the noise. ^{发出响声的不是风，而是一只流浪猫。}

Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent.

on the whole ^{总体而言；大体上}

• On the whole, the project was a success despite the initial delays. ^{总体而言，尽管最初有所延误，项目还是成功的。}
• On the whole, I'm in favour of the idea. ^{大体说来，我赞成这个想法。}
• On the whole she had lived modestly, with a notable lack of ostentation. ^{总体来说，她生活俭朴，不事张扬。}

It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.

face up to sth. ^{勇敢面对/正视（现实、困难等）}

• It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality.^{永远更明智、更安全的是正视现实。}
• He finally had to face up to the fact that he had failed.^{他最终不得不面对他失败的事实。}
• The country must face up to its economic challenges.^{这个国家必须正视其经济挑战。}

however + adj.  ^{无论... (磁铁属性) = No matter how + 形容词 + 主语 + be}

当 however 表示“无论多么…”时，它具有极强的吸引力，必须紧紧贴着它所修饰的形容词或副词，并把这个词从句尾“拽”到句首。

• It may be painful at the moment. ⇒ ... however painful it may be at the moment.
• He runs fast. ⇒ However fast he runs... ^{无论他跑得多快…}
• The task is complex. ⇒ However complex the task is... ^{无论任务多么复杂…}
• It is always better to tell the truth, however difficult it may be.
• He is determined to continue, however difficult the situation may be.^{他决心继续下去，无论情况多么困难。}
• It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.^{永远更明智、更安全的是正视现实，无论它此刻多么痛苦。}