Lesson 47 The great escape大逃亡主语从句 并列句

Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.

economy ^{n. 1.  经济}

• The Chinese economy grows at an annual rate of 8 per cent.
• By 1988 the economy was booming. ^{到1988年为止经济一直很繁荣。}
• The economy is in recession. ^{经济处于衰退之中。}

economy ^{n. 2. 节约}

• To save for their new house, they had to practice economy in every aspect of their lives. ^{为了买新房，他们必须在生活的方方面面厉行节约。}
• We decided to fly economy class to save money for the actual sightseeing. ^{我们决定坐经济舱，以便把钱省下来用于实际观光。}
• Large factories benefit from economies of scale, allowing them to lower the price per unit. ^{大型工厂受益于规模经济，这使他们能够降低单位成本。}

motive ^{n.动机(抽象名词)}

• His motive for studying abroad was purely academic. ^{他出国留学的动机纯粹是学术上的。}
• The police are investigating the possible motive for the crime. ^{警方正在调查这起犯罪的可能动机。}
• A powerful motive can drive a person to achieve great things. ^{一个强大的动机可以驱使一个人成就伟大的事业。}

• Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving.
• The motive for / behind the bombing is revenge. ^固定搭配
• the motive of revenge ^所有格

outlay on / upon … ^{the spending or disbursement of money 花费；支出 （在某事上的）开支；经费；投入（通常指为某一特定目的或项目投入的大笔款项）}

• the weekly outlay on groceries
• The initial outlay on new equipment was quite high, but it saved money in the long run. ^{新设备的初始投入很高，但从长远来看它节省了资金。}
• The project requires a significant capital outlay for infrastructure. ^{该项目需要大量的基建投资。}
• The project required a considerable outlay upon new technology. ^{这个项目需要相当大的新技术的开支。}

But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or (it is) even the greatest (one).

Contrary to a popular assumption, spiders are far from being insects, or even related to them.  ^{仿写第2课}

contrary to ^与...相反

• Contrary to popular belief, the earth is not flat. ^{与普遍的看法相反，地球不是平的。}
• His actions were contrary to the company's policy. ^{他的行为与公司的政策相反。}
• Contrary to what she said, the meeting was very productive. ^{与她所说的相反，这次会议富有成效。}

far from … ^{根本不是…，远非…}

• Your work is far from (being) satisfactory.
• The show was far from (being) a failure; it was a great success. 
• Far from relieving my cough, the medicine aggravated it.
• The solution they proposed is far from being ideal. ^{他们提出的解决方案远非理想。}
• His account of the event was far from being complete. ^{他对事件的描述远非完整。}
• The negotiations are far from being concluded. ^{谈判远未结束。}

The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his 20 pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley.

manoeuvre / maneuver ^{v. to move or turn skillfully or to move or turn sth. skillfully, esp. sth. large and heavy 运用技巧移动或使转弯}  

• The pilot maneuvered to avoid the bird.
• We attempted to maneuver the canoe closer to him.
• The truck driver had to manoeuvre carelessly into the narrow alley. ^{卡车司机不得不粗心地移动到狭窄的巷子里。}
• She expertly manoeuvred the car into the tiny parking spot. ^{她熟练地将车操纵进入那个微小的停车位。}
• The politician tried to manoeuvre himself into a position of power. ^{这位政客试图将自己操纵进入一个权力地位。}

金钱 + worth of + 物品

• fifty pence worth of trouble
• They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.

Ross: Well, how was the date? Rachel: Well I’m alone and I just bought fifteen dollars worth of candy bars, what do you think? ^{《老友记》}

myriad ^{adj. (fml.) uncountably many 无数的}

• the myriad fish in the ocean
• There are myriad stars in the night sky. ^{夜空中存在着无数的星星。}
• The city offers a myriad of cultural experiences. ^{这座城市提供了大量的文化体验。}
• They face myriad problems in their daily operations. ^{他们在日常运营中面临无数的问题。}

More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.

to ^{紧靠着，面对着}

• stand face to face sit back to back
• dance cheek to cheek
• cars queuing bumper to bumper 

hub to hub ^{紧密相邻，肩并肩}

• In the crowded parking lot, the cars were parked hub to hub. ^{在拥挤的停车场里，汽车紧密相邻地停着。}
• The tents at the festival site were pitched hub to hub. ^{音乐节现场的帐篷紧密相邻地搭着。}
• They stood hub to hub in the packed subway car. ^{他们肩并肩地站在拥挤的地铁车厢里。}

made for ^{为...制作/设计}

• I’d like to reserve a table for two.
• This dress seems to be made for you. ^{这条裙子似乎是为你量身定做的。}
• The tools were specifically made for precise work. ^{这些工具是专门为精确工作制作的。}
• A bicycle made for two is called a tandem. ^{一辆为两个人制作的自行车被称为双人自行车。}

That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all.

That ^{引导主语从句（不可省略）}

• That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. 

yearly ^{adv.每年地，年度地；一年一次地（等同于 annually）adj.每年的；一年一度的（通常修饰事件、活动或费用）}

• The company publishes its financial results yearly. ^{该公司每年公布其财务业绩。}
• Our membership fees are paid yearly. ^{我们的会员费是每年支付的。}
• The technology improves yearly, offering new features. ^{技术每年都在进步，提供新的功能。}
• The company publishes its yearly report every January. ^{公司每年一月发布年度报告。adj.}
• This festival is held yearly in the heart of the city. ^{这个节日每年都在市中心举行。adv.}

get away ^{去度假；（从繁忙中）抽身；走开}

• I’ve been working so hard lately that I really need to get away for a few days. ^{我最近工作太努力了，真的需要抽身去度假几天。}
• You need to get away from it all for a couple of months.
• We decided to go to a remote island to get away from it all. ^{我们决定去一个偏远的岛屿远离一切烦恼。}

sophisticated ^{精密的，复杂的，先进的}

• Modern communication systems are incredibly sophisticated. ^{现代通信系统非常精密。}
• The security system is too sophisticated for a casual hacker to breach. ^{这个安全系统太复杂了，一般的黑客无法攻破。}
• She has a very sophisticated taste in music and art. ^{她对音乐和艺术有着非常成熟的品味。}

It also provides — and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon — an escape of another kind.

student ^{n.实习的；见习的}

• As a student teacher, she spent the semester observing experienced educators and leading her own classes. ^{作为一名实习教师，她整个学期都在观察经验丰富的教育工作者，并亲自带领班级。}
• The student nurse carefully monitored the patient’s vital signs under the supervision of a senior sister. ^{在资深护士长的监督下，这名实习护士仔细监测病人的生命体征。}

care for sth. / to do sth. (fml.) = want sth. / to do sth. ^{愿意(想要)做某事}

• Would you care for a drink?
• Would you care to go to a walk? 
• I don't think he would care to join us for dinner. ^{我不认为他会愿意和我们一起吃晚餐。}
• If you care to inspect the damage, you'll see how serious it is. ^{如果你愿意检查损坏情况，你会发现它有多严重。}
• Would you care to elaborate on your previous point? ^{你愿意详细说明你刚才的观点吗？}

base … on / upon … ^{基于...，以...为基础}

• The entire theory is based upon a flawed premise. ^{整个理论是基于一个有缺陷的前提。}
• The book is based upon real events that happened during the war. ^{这本书是基于战争期间发生的真实事件。}
• They decided to base their new marketing strategy upon customer feedback. ^{他们决定将他们的新营销策略基于客户反馈。}

 phenomenon ^现象

• Global warming is a serious environmental phenomenon. ^{全球变暖是一个严重的环境现象。}
• The aurora borealis is a natural phenomenon that occurs in high-latitude regions. ^{北极光是一种发生在高纬度地区的自然现象。}

The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them.

not … but … ^{不是...而是...}

• What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life.
• Success is not a matter of luck but a result of hard work. ^{成功不是靠运气，而是努力的结果。}

It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. ^{考研[英译汉]}

shun ^{v. to deliberately avoid sb. or sth. 避免，避开，回避}

• He shunned the media spotlight after the scandal broke. ^{丑闻爆发后，他躲避了媒体的聚光灯。}
• The villagers began to shun anyone who disagreed with the custom. ^{村民们开始回避任何不同意习俗的人。}
• She shuns modern technology, preferring old-fashioned methods. ^{她回避现代技术，更喜欢老式的方法。}

comforts ^{n. [pl.] the things that make your life nicer and more comfortable, esp. things that are not necessary 使人感觉舒适享受的事物}

• hotels with all the modern comforts
• After the trip, it was nice getting back to a few home comforts.
• By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts.
• Despite their wealth, they did not care much for material comforts. ^{尽管他们很富有，但他们不太在乎物质享受。}
• He gave up a life of material comforts to pursue a spiritual path. ^{他放弃了物质享受的生活，转而追求精神道路。}
• Modern society places a high value on material comforts. ^{现代社会高度重视物质享受。}

Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. 

Affluent he may be ^{他可能很富裕（主题性前置）= He may be affluent.}

• Rich he may be, but money doesn't buy happiness. ^{他可能很富有，但金钱买不到幸福。}
• Tired she may be, but she continues to work hard. ^{她可能很累，但她继续努力工作。}
• Skilled they may be, but they still need practice. ^{他们可能很熟练，但他们仍然需要练习。}

What ^{问费用(How much问价格)}

• What’s the interest rate?
• What’s the balance in my account?
• What’s today’s exchange rate for U.S. dollars?

by no means ^{绝不，一点也不}

• The report is by no means finished; there is still a lot to do. ^{这份报告绝没有完成；还有很多事情要做。}
• Winning the game was by no means an easy task. ^{赢得比赛绝不是一件容易的事。}
• The small setback is by no means a reason to give up. ^{这个小小的挫折绝不是放弃的理由。}

Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a Maître d'hôtel.

Master in his own house ^{在他自己的家里是主人（独立主格结构或无动词分钟）}

• A man of few words, David declined to express his opinion.
• Writer and music lover, Anne was chosen as a co-author of the book. Who is (the) captain of the team?
• President of the company, he made the final decision. ^{作为公司的总裁，他做了最后的决定。}
• A veteran of many wars, he knew how to remain calm under fire. ^{作为经历过许多战争的老兵，他知道如何在炮火下保持冷静。}
• A genius in mathematics, she found the complex equation simple. ^{作为数学天才，她觉得这个复杂的方程式很简单。}

have little idea of ^{对...知之甚少，几乎不知道}

• I have little idea of how to fix a car engine. ^{我几乎不知道如何修理汽车引擎。}
• They have little idea of the challenges ahead. ^{他们对未来的挑战知之甚少。}
• She has little idea of the impact her words had. ^{她几乎不知道她的言语产生了什么影响。}

boo ^{n. sound made to show disapproval or contempt 呸（表示不赞成或唾弃）}

• He is so timid he wouldn't even say boo to a maitre d'hotel. ^{他太胆小了，甚至不敢对餐厅领班表示不满。}
• He sneaked up on his sister and shouted 'Boo!'. ^{他偷偷溜到妹妹身边，然后大喊一声“嘿！”}
• Can Israel now say boo to America? ^{以色列在向美国喝倒彩？}

maître d’hôtel ^{n. the person in charge of a restaurant or of the people who bring food to your table in a restaurant 饭店经理或服务生领班；餐厅领班（法语）}

• The maitre d'hotel escorted us to our table. ^{餐厅领班护送我们到我们的桌子旁。}

From all such fears camping releases him. ^{为承上启下导致语序改变}

Camping releases him from all such fears.  ^正常语序

release ... from ... ^{从...中释放，解脱}

• The new policy releases employees from the burden of excessive paperwork. ^{新政策解除了员工过度文书工作的负担。}
• Exercise can release stress from the mind. ^{运动可以从头脑中释放压力。}
• He was finally released from his promise after many years. ^{多年后，他终于从他的承诺中解除了。}

Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. 

granted , …, but … ^{的确, …, 但是 …（让步转折；并列句）}

• Granted, China is still a developing country, but she is full of potential.
• Granted, the task is difficult, but it's not impossible. ^{诚然，任务很困难，但并非不可能。}
• Granted, he has more experience, but she has better qualifications. ^{的确，他有更多经验，但她有更好的资历。}
• Granted, the car is old, yet it runs reliably. ^{诚然，这辆车很旧，但它运行可靠。}

写作高频并列转折

Admittedly, tradition shapes our behavior, but that is not to say that individuals are completely powerless to change it. ^{(诚然，传统塑造了我们的行为，但这并不意味着个人在改变传统面前完全无能为力。)}

readily ^{adv. 1. willingly 愿意地}

• He readily accepted the offer without hesitation. ^{他毫不犹豫地容易地接受了提议。}
• As a guest, you should accept their goodwill readily. ^{作为客人，你应该欣然接受他们的好意。}
• "Certainly," the young girls readily agreed. ^{“当然。”年轻姑娘们欣然同意。}

readily ^{adv. 2. without difficulty; easily}

• The equipment was cheap and readily available.
• The information is readily accessible on the Internet.
• Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.

snobbery of ^{对...的势利态度}

• The academic snobbery of the old university was hard to endure. ^{这所古老大学的学术势利态度令人难以忍受。}
• There is a subtle snobbery of food choices among the critics. ^{评论家们之间对食物选择存在一种微妙的势利态度。}
• She faced a certain snobbery of wealth when she first moved to the neighborhood. ^{她初搬到这个社区时，面临着一种对财富的势利态度。}

There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.

be superior to ... ^{比...更高级（用原级；不用than）比…更优越；级别更高（反义词为 inferior）}

• This new engine is superior to the previous model in terms of fuel efficiency. ^{这款新引擎在燃油效率方面优于之前的型号。}
• Human numerical instincts are not so superior to those of other mammals as is generally believed. ^{人类对于数字的天赋并不像人们普遍认为的那样优于其他哺乳动物。}

这些以 -ior 结尾的形容词本身含有“比较”含义，因此使用时用原级（不加 more），且后面接 to 而不能用 than。

in the shape / form of ^{以...形式出现}

The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements.

• Help arrived in the shape of a large grant from the government. ^{帮助以政府一大笔拨款的形式出现了。}
• The biggest challenge came in the shape of a sudden market crash. ^{最大的挑战以市场突然崩溃的形式出现。}
• He received criticism in the shape of an anonymous letter. ^{他收到了以匿名信形式出现的批评。}

Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders.

hierarchies ^{等级制度，层级结构}

• The company is moving away from strict corporate hierarchies. ^{该公司正在摆脱严格的公司等级制度。}
• Social hierarchies are less rigid in modern society. ^{现代社会中的社会等级制度不那么僵化。}
• A clear chain of command is essential in military hierarchies. ^{明确的指挥链在军事层级结构中至关重要。}

To such motives, yet another must be added.

yet / still another / one more… ^{又一个；再一个（强调“已经很多了，居然又来一个”，常带有一丝惊讶、无奈或强调数量之多）}

• yet one more question
• still another example
• This led to yet another angry argument.
• She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck.
• Just as I thought I had finished the report, the boss gave me yet another task to complete. ^{正当我以为已经写完报告时，老板又给了我一个任务。}
• The company launched a successful product, and now they are preparing yet another one. ^{该公司推出了一款成功的产品，现在他们又在准备另一个。}
• After solving one problem, they were immediately faced with yet another challenge. ^{解决了一个问题之后，他们立即又面临了另一个挑战。}
• We had finished all the tasks, but the manager assigned us yet another urgent report. ^{我们完成了所有的任务，但经理又给我们分配了另一份紧急报告。}

Another 常接单数名词；Yet another 则强烈暗示这只是漫长序列中的最新一个（"one more in a long series"）。

The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails.

be to do ^{(fml.) 的四种用法}

• The strange noise is to be explained before anyone can rest easy. ^{在任何人能安心之前，这个奇怪的噪音有待解释。}

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. ^{— Francis Bacon}

not least ^{(fml.) especially, in particular 尤其是，特别是}

• The film caused a lot of bad feeling, not least among the workers whose lives it described.
• My mother was upset about his appearance here, not least because she felt it was invading her privacy.
• The success of the project was achieved not least by the dedication of the team. ^{这个项目的成功尤其归功于团队的奉献。}
• His reputation grew, not least by his groundbreaking research. ^{他的声誉有所增长，特别是由于他的开创性研究。}
• The event was memorable, not least by the presence of the celebrity guest. ^{这个活动令人难忘，特别是由于名人的出席。}

a sense of + n. ^...感

• The sense of humor is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.
• No  matter  how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung.
• Everybody admires him for his great sense of humour -- everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny.
• He simply had no sense of danger at all.

To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.

Camping gives an exquisite refinement to this pleasure. ^正常顺序

exquisite ^{adj. very sensitive and delicate in the way you behave or do things 高雅的}

• She has exquisite taste in art.
• The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves—an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.

refinement ^{n. [U & C] a small change that is made to something in order to improve it 改进，改良}

• These refinements have increased the machine's accuracy by 25%. ^可数
• Clearly, the hypothesis does need some refinement, in the light of these surprising results. ^不可数
• The chef added an exquisite refinement to the classic dish. ^{这位厨师为这道经典菜肴增添了精美的改进。}
• Her piano playing showed an exquisite refinement of technique. ^{她的钢琴演奏展示了精致的技术提升。}
• The latest model features an exquisite refinement in design and functionality. ^{最新型号在设计和功能上都具有精美的改进。}

gives a refinement ^{给予/带来提升}

• The use of high-quality materials gives the product a noticeable refinement. ^{使用高质量的材料为产品带来了明显的提升。}
• Reading classical literature gives your vocabulary a refinement. ^{阅读古典文学为你的词汇带来了提升。}
• A good education gives a refinement to one's manners and speech. ^{良好的教育为人的举止和言语带来了提升。}

From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand.

home ^{adj. in one’s own country, domestic 国内的}

• the home market ^国内市场
• home news ^国内新闻
• The company is expanding into both home and foreign markets. ^{公司正在向国内外市场扩张。}

当使用 and、or、but 等连词将两个或多个词连接在一起时，它们通常属于相同的词性或语法结构，以保持句子的平衡和节奏感。在 home and foreign 中，home 虽然常作名词，但在修饰名词（如 markets, policy）时充当形容词，因此与 foreign 词性是匹配的。

sand ^{n. [U and C] an area of beach 沙滩}

• miles of golden sands
• Now I can cross the Shifting Sands. ^{现在我可以穿越大漠流沙了。}
• ...miles of golden sands.  ^{…数英里的金色沙滩。}

to hand ^{Br.E. sth. that is to hand is close to you, so that you can reach it easily 近在咫尺，近在手边，容易得到}

• For those of you who don't have an atlas to hand, Newcastle is a city in the north-east of England. 
• Make sure you keep all the necessary documents to hand. ^{确保你把所有必要的文件放在手边。}
• If you need any tools, they are all to hand in the shed. ^{如果你需要任何工具，它们都在棚子里，容易得到。}
• We kept our phones to hand in case of an emergency. ^{我们把手机放在手边，以防发生紧急情况。}

Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) are there, outside -- or, as likely, part of -- the tent.

Not only are... but... ^{不仅...而且...（倒装结构）}

• Not only are the clothes stylish, but they are also very comfortable. ^{这些衣服不仅时尚，而且非常舒适。}
• Not only is he a talented musician, but he is also a skilled writer. ^{他不仅是一位有才华的音乐家，而且还是一位熟练的作家。}
• Not only was the film a critical success, but it was also a box office hit. ^{这部电影不仅在评论界获得了成功，而且票房也很成功。}

command ^{n. [U, sing] ability to use or control sth., mastery 使用或控制某事物的能力，掌握}

• He has (a) good command of the French language. ^{他精通法语。}
• He has enormous funds at his command. ^{他掌握着巨额资金。}
• The success of the mission was entirely within one's own command and keeping. ^{任务的成功完全在自己的掌控和保管之下。}
• With this system, all the data security remains within one's own command and keeping. ^{有了这个系统，所有的数据安全都保持在自己的掌控和保管之下。}
• The budget management is strictly within one's own command and keeping. ^{预算管理严格地在自己的掌控和保管之下。}

keeping ^{n. 保管，保存}

• I’ll leave the keys in your keeping. ^{我把钥匙交你保管。}

inclement ^{adj. (fml.) inclement weather is unpleasantly cold, wet etc 严寒的，狂风暴雨的，恶劣的(常用于正式报告或旅行延误通知）}

• The football match was postponed due to inclement weather. ^{由于天气恶劣，足球比赛延期了。}
• The hike was cancelled due to inclement weather. ^{徒步旅行因恶劣天气而被取消。}

as likely = as likely as not ^{very probably 很可能}

• As likely as not, the meeting will take place in the village pub. As likely as not she's forgotten all about it.
• The delay was caused by technical issues or, as likely, human error. ^{延误是技术问题造成的，或者很可能是人为错误。}
• As likely as not, the meeting will be cancelled due to the storm. ^{这次会议多半会因为风暴而取消。}
• It is just as likely to rain today as it was yesterday. ^{今天下雨的可能性和昨天一样大。}

means of ^{...的手段/方法}

• Writing is a powerful means of self-expression. ^{写作是一种强大的自我表达的手段。}
• He is cogitating upon some means of revenge. ^{他正在考虑采取某种报复手段。}
• I've struck on a novel means of doing the job. ^{我突然想到一个干这活的新方法。}

Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited.

object to (doing) sth. ^{反对（做）某事；不赞成（to 为介词，后接名词或动名词）}

• Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract.
• I objected to having to rewrite the article.
• Many citizens object to the proposal to build a new factory near the river. ^{许多市民反对在河边建造新工厂的提议。}
• She objects to being called by her nickname in professional settings. ^{她反对在专业场合被叫昵称。}
• We strongly object to the way the evidence was presented. ^{我们强烈反对证据的呈现方式。}
• Many local residents object to building a new highway through the park. ^{许多当地居民反对修建一条穿过公园的新公路。}

package tour ^{n. a vacation arranged by a travel company for a fixed price that includes the cost of your hotel and transportation, and sometimes meals and entertainment 由旅行社安排一切的一揽子旅游}

• We have a full package tour. ^{我们有包价旅游。}
• You can have a package tour. ^{你可以跟团旅行。}
• If we go on a package tour. ^{如果我们的旅游由旅行社承包。}
• There is a three-day package tour. ^{有一个三天的包价旅游。}
• I'd prefer a package tour. ^{我喜欢由旅行社安排一切的旅游。}
• Well, I'd recommend a package tour. ^{那么，我建议您参加包办旅行。}

Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as (idealists have objected) to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. ^{状语从句的省略}

• On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as (they have done it out of curiosity or for sport) in riding the bow waves of a ship.

thereby ^{adv. (fml.) with the result that sth. else happens 藉以，从而，由此}

• He became a citizen in 1978, thereby gaining the right to vote.
• He retired early, thereby giving up a substantial part of his pension. ^{他提前退休，从而放弃了大部分养老金。}

deny oneself sth. ^{(fml.) to refuse to let yourself have sth. that you would like to have, esp. for moral or religious reasons 不让自己拥有…克制自己，剥夺自己}

• He denied himself all pleasures and luxuries.
• She denied herself many luxuries to save money for her studies. ^{她克制自己享受许多奢侈品，以便为学习省钱。}
• We should try to deny ourselves from indulging in computer games. ^{我们应该尽力克制自己，不使自己沉溺于电脑游戏。}

get to like / know / understand sb. / sth. ^{to gradually begin to like, know, or understand sb. or sth. 逐渐去...（喜欢、理解）某事某物}

• It'll take a while for you to get to know everyone.
• After a while, I got to like him.

Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand.

it is argued that insularity and self-containment go hand in hand. ^正常语序
Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. ^突出重点

• It seems that dogs love to chew up money. ⇒ Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money. ^突出重点

self-contained ^{adj. (of a person) not needing the company of others, reserved （指人）不需与他人来往的，拘谨的；独立自足的；内敛的；寡言的}

• He is a very self-contained man who rarely shares his feelings with others. ^{他是个非常内敛的人，很少与他人分享自己的感受。}
• Each settler is given a self-contained complete unit with residential, arable and grazing lot. ^{给每个定居者一个独立的完整的单元住宅，耕地和牧场。}
• His emotional self-containment made it hard for others to get close to him. ^{他情感上的自我封闭使得别人很难靠近他。}

go hand in hand ^{if two things go hand in hand, they are closely connected 紧密相连；密切相关，相辅相成}

• Wealth and power go hand in hand in most societies.
• Success and hard work often go hand in hand. ^{成功和努力工作通常密切相关。}
• Poverty and disease frequently go hand in hand in developing countries. ^{贫穷和疾病在发展中国家经常相辅相成。}
• The quality of the ingredients and the skill of the chef go hand in hand. ^{食材的质量和厨师的技艺密切相关。}

The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place.

survive ^{v. continue to live or exist in spite of nearly being killed or destroyed by sth.经历…幸存;经受住...的}

• survive an earthquake
• Few buildings survived the bombing raids intact. 
• The plants may not survive severe winters.
• His idealism did not survive experience of the harsh reality of politics. ^{他的理想主义经受不住残酷政治现实的考验。}
• The old car miraculously survived experience of a severe flood. ^{这辆旧车奇迹般地经受住了严重洪水的经验。}
• The theory will not survive experience of real-world application. ^{这个理论经受不住实际应用的经验。}

Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. 

tend to ^{倾向于，往往会}

• People often tend to avoid conflict when possible. ^{人们往往会尽可能避免冲突。}
• Children tend to learn new languages more quickly than adults. ^{儿童倾向于比成年人更快地学习新语言。}
• The prices of vegetables tend to rise in the winter months. ^{蔬菜的价格往往会在冬季上涨。}

_(Br.E.) cater for sb./sth. = _(Am.E.) cater to sb./sth. ^{to provide the things that a particular person or situation needs or wants 满足，迎合（需要）}

• The class caters for all ability ranges.
• Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.
• an LA bank catering to Asian businesses
• They only publish novels which cater to the mass market.
• The menu is designed to cater for a variety of dietary needs. ^{菜单旨在迎合各种饮食需求。}
• The training course caters to beginners as well as experienced users. ^{这个培训课程既迎合初学者也迎合经验丰富的用户。}
• This particular magazine mainly caters to the teenage market. ^{这本特定的杂志主要迎合青少年市场。}

exclusively ^{adv. used for emphasizing that sth. is available to or limited to one specific thing or group 独享地，排他地，独有地}

• a club exclusively for women
• The club is exclusively for members who have been invited. ^{这个俱乐部专门为被邀请的成员服务。}

Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan.

by contrast ^{相比之下，与此相反}

• Her brother is very outgoing; by contrast, she is quite shy. ^{她哥哥非常外向；相比之下，她相当害羞。}
• The first presentation was dull; by contrast, the second one was very engaging. ^{第一次演讲很乏味；与此相反，第二次演讲非常引人入胜。}
• Life in the city is fast-paced; country life, by contrast, is slow and quiet. ^{城市生活节奏快；相比之下，乡村生活缓慢而安静。}

cosmopolitan ^{世界性的，国际性的}

• London is a truly cosmopolitan city with people from all over the world. ^{伦敦是一个真正的世界性城市，有来自世界各地的人。}
• She has a very cosmopolitan outlook on life due to her travels. ^{由于她的旅行，她对生活有着非常国际化的看法。}
• The restaurant serves a variety of cosmopolitan cuisine. ^{这家餐厅提供各种国际性的美食。}

Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage.

a preponderance of sb./sth. ^{if there is a preponderance of people or things of a particular type in a group, there are more of that type than of any other（数量上的）优势，多数}

• There is a preponderance of female students in the music department.
• A preponderance of the students in the program came from overseas.
• There is a preponderance of evidence pointing to his guilt. ^{有大量的证据指向他的罪行。}
• The committee has a preponderance of members from the finance department. ^{委员会中来自财务部门的成员占多数。}
• Despite the preponderance of rainy days, we still enjoyed our holiday. ^{尽管下雨天占多数，我们仍然享受了我们的假期。}

as yet ^{until now 到现在为止，迄今为止（常用于否定句）}

• an as yet unpublished document
• As yet little is known of the causes of the disease.
• The treasure remains undiscovered as yet. ^{到目前为止，宝藏仍未被发现。}
• As yet, we have not received any official confirmation of the news. ^{迄今为止，我们尚未收到任何关于该消息的官方确认。}
• The problem, as yet, has no simple solution. ^{到目前为止，这个问题还没有简单的解决方案。}

specialized ^{adj. trained, designed, or developed for a particular purpose, type of work, place etc.专门的}

• specialized training for specific jobs
• the highly specialized plants that live in desert areas
• Everything has gone smoothly so far. ^{到目前为止，一切都很顺利。}

patronage ^{n. customer’s support for a shop, restaurant, etc. 光临，惠顾}

• We thank you for your patronage.
• The small bakery relies heavily on local patronage. ^{这家小面包店严重依赖当地顾客的光顾。}

Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch.

water point ^{n. 供水点，饮水点}

• In the distance, people filled large water containers at a central water point. ^{远处，人们正在一个取水点用容器取水。}
• Now, with the water point located far closer, her burden will be less, as the distance will be shorter. ^{而现在，取水点要近得多，需要走的路短了，她的负担也减轻而来。}

dance ^{n. [C] social gathering at which people dance 舞会}

• to hold a dance in the village hall

At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic.

odour ^{(US: odor) n. (pleasant or unpleasant) smell （香的或臭的）气味}

• the delicious odor of freshly-made coffee
• the unpleasant odor of over-ripe cheese
• The entire room was filled with the sweet odour of freshly baked bread. ^{整个房间充满了新鲜出炉面包的甜美气味。}
• An unusual odour of gas prompted the staff to call the maintenance team. ^{一种不寻常的煤气味促使工作人员打电话给维修队。}
• The gentle odour of the roses wafted through the window. ^{玫瑰花的淡淡气味透过窗户飘进来。}

sauerkraut ^德式酸菜

• The hot dog was topped with mustard and sauerkraut. ^{热狗上面放着芥末和德式酸菜。}

vie with ^{v. to compete with other people to achieve or obtain sth. 与...竞争，相抗衡(与对手)}

• The two older children tend to vie with the younger one for their mother's attention. 
• Several companies are vying with each other for the lucrative government contract. ^{几家公司正在相互竞争，争夺这份利润丰厚的政府合同。}
• The noise of the traffic vied with the music coming from the restaurant. ^{交通噪音与餐厅里传出的音乐相抗衡。}
• In the dense forest, the trees vied with each other for sunlight. ^{在茂密的森林里，树木为了阳光而相互竞争。}

The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.

compete with ^{与...竞争，相媲美}

• The new smartphone model is designed to compete with the leading brands. ^{这款新的智能手机型号旨在与领先品牌竞争。}
• The small theatre cannot compete with the grand opera house in terms of funding. ^{这家小剧院在资金方面无法与大歌剧院相媲美。}
• His enthusiasm for the job competes with his desire for a higher salary. ^{他对工作的热情与他对更高薪水的渴望相抗衡。}

Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say.

remarkable growth ^{显著的增长}

• The company has seen a remarkable growth in its market share this year. ^{该公司今年的市场份额出现了显著的增长。}
• The city's population experienced remarkable growth over the last decade. ^{这座城市的人口在过去十年经历了显著的增长。}
• The startup's success is attributed to the remarkable growth of its user base. ^{这家初创公司的成功归功于其用户群的显著增长。}

eventual death ^{最终的消亡/终结}

• The critic predicted the eventual death of print media in the digital age. ^{评论家预测印刷媒体在数字时代最终会消亡。}
• The scientists are studying the factors contributing to the eventual death of the coral reef. ^{科学家们正在研究导致珊瑚礁最终消亡的因素。}
• Despite the initial popularity, the game faced its eventual death due to lack of updates. ^{尽管最初很受欢迎，但由于缺乏更新，这款游戏最终走向了消亡。}

Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom.

municipality ^{n. a town, city or district with its own local government; the group of officials who govern it 自治市；市政当局；市政府}

• The local Municipalities are responsible for road maintenance and waste collection. ^{地方市政当局负责道路维护和垃圾收集。}
• The new recycling program was implemented by the city Municipalities. ^{新的回收计划由市政府实施。}
• Municipalities often compete to attract tourism and investment. ^{市政当局经常竞争以吸引旅游和投资。}

secure ^{v. obtain sth., sometimes with difficulty 得到某事物（有时有困难）}

• We’ll need to secure a bank loan.
• They’ve secured government backing for the project.
• It is essential to secure a good location for the new store. ^{为新店获得一个好的位置是至关重要的。}
• The team worked hard to secure the necessary funding for their research. ^{该团队努力工作以确保其研究所需的资金。}
• We need to secure the borders against illegal activities. ^{我们需要确保边境安全，防止非法活动。}

custom ^{n. [U] regular purchases from a tradesman, shop, etc. 经常向某商人、商店等购物，惠顾}

• We would like to have your custom. ^{我们欢迎您经常惠顾。}
• We’ve lost a lot of custom since our prices went up. ^{自从提价以后, 我们失去了许多顾客的生意。}
• The local shopkeepers rely on the tourists' custom during the summer. ^{当地店主依靠游客在夏季的光顾。}

Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls.

wary ^{adj. looking out for possible danger or difficulty; cautious （对可能发生的危险或困难）留意的，小心的，警惕的}

• She was wary of strangers. ^{她很警惕陌生人。}
• The government remains wary of external interference in its internal affairs. ^{政府对外部干预其内部事务保持警惕。}
• Consumers are becoming increasingly wary of misleading advertisements. ^{消费者对误导性广告越来越警惕。}
• He was wary of the stranger who offered him a ride. ^{他对那个给他搭车的陌生人保持警惕。}

trace sb./sth. to sth. ^{to find or discover sb./sth. by looking carefully for them/it 追踪行迹；追溯到，查到}

• We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.
• The source of the contamination was eventually traced to a broken pipe. ^{污染源最终被查到是一根破裂的管道。}

four walls ^{(spoken) the room that you are in, esp. considered as a private place 私人住处}

• I don't want anything repeated outside these four walls.
• I should hate to be confined within the four walls of an office all day. ^{我讨厌整天给关在办公室的小天地里。}
• But the four walls of housekeeping legislation, treatment with triple brachial not Qi. ^{持家但有四立壁，治病不蕲三折肱。}

But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. 

heath ^{n. area of flat uncultivated land, esp. one covered with shrubs; moorland 荒地（尤指灌木丛生之处）; 荒野(通常为沙土的空旷土地，尤指有石楠植被的地方)}

• Visitors are warned about the risk of starting heath fires during the dry season. ^{游客被警告在旱季有引发荒地火灾的风险。}
• The place where Macbeth met the witches was a desolate heath. ^{麦克白遇见女巫的地方是一片荒原。}

Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.

scouting ^{n. [U] the activities that Scouts take part in 童子军活动}

• Scouting is a risky maneuver but it can pay off. ^{侦察是一项危险的行动，但这个险值得冒。}
• Cub Scouting encourages closeness to family. ^{童子军鼓励亲密的家庭关系。}
• Let's just forget about the Scouts and Scouting altogether. ^{还是让我们忘记童子军什么的吧。}

eternal adj. without beginning or end; lasting or existing for ever 永久的，永恒的，不朽的

• the Eternal God ^上帝
• eternal life ^永生
• eternal love ^永恒的爱
• They promised each other eternal love and commitment. ^{他们彼此承诺永恒的爱和承诺。}

Boy Scout ^{n. a member of a worldwide organization of young men and boys, founded in England in 1908, for character development and citizenship training 童子军}

• He is a Boy Scout. ^{他是男童子军成员。}
• He's a great guy, a basketball player, you know. And a Boy Scout.^{他是个好孩子，篮球小将，也是一名童子军。}
• It goes without saying that a boy scout should be brave and honest. ^{一个童子军本来就应该又勇敢又诚实。}

dear to the heart of ^{对...来说非常珍贵/重要}

• The old family photo album is dear to the heart of every family member. ^{这本旧家庭相册对每个家庭成员来说都非常珍贵。}
• The preservation of the historical site is dear to the heart of the local community. ^{保护历史遗址对当地社区来说非常重要。}
• That particular song is especially dear to the heart of the veteran musician. ^{那首特定的歌曲对这位资深音乐家来说特别珍贵。}