Lesson 55 Not a gold mine并非金矿非谓语动词 Be used to do

主语	谓语		修饰整句
Dreams of finding lost treasure^{(finding 主动找)}	almost ^adv.	came true	recently ^adv.
找到失踪宝藏的梦想	差不多; 几乎	实现了^(来到)	最近

come true ^{变成现实，（预言、期望等）成为事实，（愿意）实现}

His dream to travel around the world at last came true.

dream ^梦	n. 梦想	dreams ended ^{梦想破灭了, 梦断了}
	dream of … ^…的梦	Dream of flying in the sky comes true.
	v. 做梦	She dreamed about her baby. ^{她梦见了她的小宝贝。}
	dream of doing sth.	I dream of flying in the sky.

A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.

一句话中只有一个动词, 如果再出现动词, 可以用 and 并列连接, 也可以变成复合句, 用 when, because连接, 还可以使这个动词表示动词意思, 但不做谓语, 即非谓语动词过去分词做定语, 表示 “被”，如 ploughed field。

长难句解析 ^{通过连接词断开为3个句子：and、which → 找到谓语动词(三态 + 一否) → 按简单句理解即可}

主语			谓语^{(现在完成被动)}	连词	主语	谓语^{(现在的之前被)}	目的状语	关系词	谓语^(从句)	定语^(从句)
A new machine	called	'The Revealer'	has been invented	and	it	has been used	to detect gold	which	has been buried	in the ground.
A new machine is called 'The Revealer'			has been invented	and	主句^{（形式主语）}			定语从句

n. + called ^{被称之为…的…}

used to do ^过去常常

the plane called a “Pilatus Porter” be used to do sth. ^{被用来…（如果用短语修饰其他词, 则把短语放在被修饰词的后边）}

The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where -- it is said -- pirates used to hide gold.

-- it is said -- 是插入语 ^{当“据说”讲，后插入到句子中间做补充说明的，与句子并没有实际的关系(不重要)。}

where = in which ^{翻译时译为 “在那儿”，修饰 cave；}

This is the river which I swim in.
This is the river where I swim.

* The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. ^{就算没有often通过would也能表示“常常”}

would 表示过去的习惯性动作, 但此处表示 “used to” 过去常做。当我们提到过去某一特定时间时, 我们有时可用 would 来代替 used to，有时则不可以，而且 would 需要指出具体时间，used to 则不需要。

used to do sth. ^{过去常常做(现在不做了)}	would do sth.^{过去常常做(不与现在对比)}
I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car.^{过去常常做某事，但现在不做了}	I would go to work by bus. ^{表示一种过去的习惯或惯例}
I used to be a student.^{表示过去的状态（静态的事）} I used to have many pen-friends. ^{我过去有笔友(静态的)}	The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where pirates would hide gold.^{(可换为used do)} The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.^{(可换为used do)}
would do sth. ^{不能故事的开头，只能用于事物的后续描述中。} When I was a boy, I used to spent my holiday in a factory. I would get up at 5:00 and would start working at 6:00.

used to do ^{过去常常做,现在不了}	暗示与现在的对照时，不可用 would 替换	I used to drink heavily, but I have given up drinking now. I never used to eat a large breakfast, but I do now.
	描写过去的状态时，不可与 would 互换	This sort of novel used to be very popular. ^{这种小说过去很流行} I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver. would ^{只表示过去特有的习惯或行为}
	不强调与现在的对比时，可与 would 互换	When I was a boy we always spent / used to spend our holidays on a farm.^{但一个故事开头时不用 would} We would get up at 5 and we would help milk the cows.^{首先用一般过去时或 used to 描述背景，然后用 would 表示习惯性动作}

fail to do sth. ^{未能、不能、忘记做某事项（fail 后面接动词不定式表示否定）}

Hefailed to see the reason why they sent him away.
If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!
Once, however, it failed to give the correct time.

collect ^{的含义之一为“（去）取，接”}

Don’t fail to collect me before you go to the party. ^{不要忘记接我}
I’ll collect my post on my way home. ^{我会在回家的路上取邮件的}

* Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.

arm(ed) with ^{可以表示“带着、装着、穿着”等}

Don’t worry. I’m armed with an umbrella. ^{带了一把伞}
You’d better arm yourself with a warm coat. ^{你最好带(装备)一件暖和的外套。}

修饰整句话做状语 §		主 + 谓 + 宾	非谓语		buried 修饰 treasure
Armed with ^非谓语	the new machine,	a search party went into the cave	hoping	to find^(隐宾)	buried treasure.
如果几个句子的主语是同一事物, 则可以把几个句子合并为一个句子。保留一个句子做主句, 其他的变成非谓语动词。非谓语动词采用何种形式, 则根据其与主语的关系, 如果是主动关系, 用-ing, 被动关系, 则用动词的-ed 形式主句与其他句子的位置安排要保持句子的平衡, 还要注意动作的连贯。 The boy went home. ^回家 The boy was crying. ^在哭 The boy was beaten. ^被打了 Beaten by sb., the boy went home, crying. ^{三件事一起说(男孩被某人打了，哭着回了家)}

The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground.

一大包一小的句型，先使用连接词断开句子再理解。时间状语从句里再包括了一个宾语从句。

The leader of the party	was examining	the soil	near the entrance to the cave	when	the machine	showed	that	there	was	gold under the ground.
主语	谓语	宾语	定语	状语	主语	谓语	连接词	表	系	主
							宾语从句^{(there be 是倒装)}
时间状语主句				时间状语从句

理解长难句 ^{很多时候名词加入了多个修饰词后会变得不好理解，我们可以原子化处理，断开连接、分析主谓，按简单句理解就会变成很容易。}

The leader was examining the soil. ^{x正在检查土壤。}
When the machine showed gold under the ground. ^{当机器发现地下有金子的时候。}

原子化^{(深入理解)}
The leader	of the party	was examining	the soil	near the entrance	to the cave	when	the machine	showed	that	there was	gold	under the ground.
首领^{(带头大哥)}	属于这个队伍的	正在调查^(检查)	土壤	入口附近的	到洞穴	当	机器	显示出	连接(宾从)	有(客观存在)	黄金	在地下
主语(队伍的首领)		谓语	宾语	修饰 soil 做定语		时状从	主语	谓语	连接(宾从)	Gold under the ground was there. ^原顺序

Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep.

Very exciting, …^{形容词短语做状语}

Tired of sleeping on the floor, …

two feet deep ^{“数词+量词+形容词”结构可以做定语；也可以做表语}

I am five years old.
The street is five meters wide/long/wide/high/deep^{人有多高用 “tall”}

句子顺序不同, 表达的意思也不同
Tired, I went home.^{我累了，就回家了。}	I went home tired.^{我回家时很累。}
Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. ^{大家非常兴奋，挖了一个两英尺深的洞。}	The party dug a hole two feet deep, very excited.^{大家兴奋地挖了一个两英尺深的坑。}

In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.

in spite of + 词	In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
though + 句	for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.
even if ^尽管	The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.
despite ^{prep. 尽管（介词只能接词，不能接句子）}	She told friends she will stand by husband, despite reports that he sent another woman love notes. ^{她告诉朋友说，她将支持丈夫，尽管有报道说他在给别的女人递情书。}

something of value ＝something valuable ^{有价值的事}	of value＝valuable ^有价值的
The news is of great importance to us.	of small value^{价值很小(= almost worthless)}
something important = something of importance someone patient = someone of patience ^{形容词要放在不定代词的后边}

语法知识非谓语动词更新于:2024-02-26 09:27:22

什么是非谓语动词？

非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语（主要动词）的动词形式。它们不具备时态和人称的变化，并且通常以动词的基本形式、动名词或过去分词的形式出现。非谓语动词在句子中通常用作动词、形容词或副词的补语，或者用作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。

当名词使用^{(宾/主/表)}	to do ^不定式	to eat、to swim、to study ...	It was his job to repair bicycles and... ^{形式主语(真正主语为 to do;当doing做主语太长也可以使用it代替哟~)}
当名词使用^{(宾/主/表)}	doing^动名词	eating、swimmin、studying ...	Fishing is my favourite sport.^{（To fish可替换Fishing，N年前区别在于doing经常做、to do 偶尔做，但现在无区别）}
做状语、定语	doing^动名词	eating、swimmin、studying ...	Passing planes can be heard night and day.^定语
	done^过去分词	eaten、swum、studied ...	I was the only passenger left on the bus.^定语 Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up ... ^做状语
	to do	to + v. ^{(动词原型)}...	I have a lot of homework to do.^定语

非谓语动词在句子中的使用方式和功能取决于它们在句子结构中的位置和上下文。常见的用法包括不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语、独立非谓语动词等。非谓语动词的正确使用对于理解和构建复杂句子非常重要。

分类	doing ^主动	to do ^目的	done ^被动
特殊用法	相当于名词来做主语、宾语、表语等		只能用于定语、状语
非谓语动词？	单独出现在句子里^{(句子里已有谓语或者特殊用法时)}，否则 be doing 是正在进行时、have done 是现在完成时等
做为主语	Fishing is my favourite sport.	To fish is my favourite sport.	-
做为主语	Repairing bicycles was his job.(不能换为形式主语)	It was his job to repair bicycles.
做为(介)宾语	I often fish for hours without catching anything.	介后可以接：名词、代词和doing
做为(动)宾语	Both men started running through the trees.	Both men started to run through the trees.
做为表语	My dream is travelling around the world.	My dream is to travel around the world.
修饰句子/名词做定语	Passing planes can be heard night and day.	I have a lot of homework to do.	I was the only passenger left on the bus.
修饰句子/名词做状语	Looking round, I realized that I was the only passenger.	I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view...	Armed with the new machine, they went into the cave..

什么时候用非谓语动词？

动词的宾语	I enjoy swimming in the pool.^{（我喜欢在泳池里游泳。）} She wants to learn a new language.^{（她想要学一门新语言。）}
作为主语	Reading is my favorite hobby.^{（阅读是我的最爱。）} Swimming in the ocean can be dangerous.^{（在海洋中游泳可能很危险。）}
作为定语	The cooking class starts at 3 PM.^{（烹饪课下午3点开始。）} The book written by the famous author is on the shelf.^{（那本由著名作家写的书在书架上。）}
作为状语	She left the room crying.^{（她边哭边离开了房间。）} He worked hard to pass the exam.^{（他努力学习以通过考试。）}
宾语补足语	She found it easy to solve the math problem.^{（她觉得解决数学问题很容易。）} They consider him a promising actor.^{（他们认为他是一位有前途的演员。）}

单词句型替换同义词写作更新于:2024-02-26 11:27:59

高分区	低分区
In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.	something of value = something valuable ^{（of + 抽象名词 = 对应的形容词）} something of great value = something very valuable
Your final exam is of great importance.	Your final exam is very important.
Chinese and English are of great difference.	Chinese and English are very different.
Studying English is of great importance.^（85分）	Studying English is very important.^(75分)
It is of great importance to study English.^（90分）	To study English is very important.^(75分)

use ^{vt. 用，使用，运用，应用}		May I use your dictionary/car? I don’t know how to use the word.
used to do sth.	过去常常做某事(现在不这样做了)	The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where pirates used to hide gold. I used to see him often. He used to buy two bars of chocolate.
be used to do sth.	被用来去做某事	The machine has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.
be used to sth. / doing sth.	习惯于某物 / 做某事	I am used to staying up late. She didn't like this district at first, but she is used to it now. I am used to swimming in cold water. I couldn't stand the noise at first but I am used to it now.

原型^{(Base Form)}	过去式^{(Past Tense)}	过去分词^{(Past Participle)}	现在分词
dig	dug	dug	digging

over the moon ^{兴高采烈；欣喜若狂}

共有5题需要完成

练习题

‘The Revealer’ has been used for gold.^（单选）

A、to detect
B、detecting
C、detect
D、detected
Pirates used to hide gold there. .^（单选）

A、and they always do
B、and they still do
C、and they still do sometimes
D、that's what they would do
How was the hole?^（单选）

A、deeply
B、depth
C、deep
D、down
‘The Revealer’ is a very good .^（单选）

A、machine
B、engine
C、machinery
D、mechanic
The coin was almost worthless. So it was of small .^（单选）

A、worthy
B、honour
C、price
D、value

Lesson 54 Sticky fingers

Lesson 56 Faster than sound!

Lesson 55 Not a gold mine并非金矿非谓语动词 Be used to do

与课文关联的单词

gold *

mine *

invent *

detect *

bury *

arm *

soil *

finally *

value *

Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently.

Dreams come true 梦想成真(精简后)

come true 变成现实，（预言、期望等）成为事实，（愿意）实现

dream 梦

A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.

长难句解析 通过连接词断开为3个句子：and、which → 找到谓语动词(三态 + 一否) → 按简单句理解即可

n. + called 被称之为…的…

used to do 过去常常

The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where -- it is said -- pirates used to hide gold.

-- it is said -- 是插入语 当“据说”讲，后插入到句子中间做补充说明的，与句子并没有实际的关系(不重要)。

where = in which 翻译时译为 “在那儿”，修饰 cave；

* The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. 就算没有often通过would也能表示“常常”

would do sth. 不能故事的开头，只能用于事物的后续描述中。

collect 的含义之一为“（去）取，接”

* Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.

arm(ed) with 可以表示“带着、装着、穿着”等

The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground.

理解长难句 很多时候名词加入了多个修饰词后会变得不好理解，我们可以原子化处理，断开连接、分析主谓，按简单句理解就会变成很容易。

Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep.

Very exciting, … 形容词短语做状语

two feet deep “数词+量词+形容词”结构可以做定语； 也可以做表语

In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.

什么是非谓语动词？

什么时候用非谓语动词？

练习题

‘The Revealer’ has been used for gold.（单选）

Pirates used to hide gold there. .（单选）

How was the hole?（单选）

‘The Revealer’ is a very good .（单选）

The coin was almost worthless. So it was of small .（单选）

Lesson 55 Not a gold mine

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gold ^*

mine ^*

invent ^*

detect ^*

bury ^*

arm ^*

soil ^*

finally ^*

value ^*

Dreams come true ^{梦想成真(精简后)}

come true ^{变成现实，（预言、期望等）成为事实，（愿意）实现}

dream ^梦

长难句解析 ^{通过连接词断开为3个句子：and、which → 找到谓语动词(三态 + 一否) → 按简单句理解即可}

n. + called ^{被称之为…的…}

used to do ^过去常常

-- it is said -- 是插入语 ^{当“据说”讲，后插入到句子中间做补充说明的，与句子并没有实际的关系(不重要)。}

where = in which ^{翻译时译为 “在那儿”，修饰 cave；}

* The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. ^{就算没有often通过would也能表示“常常”}

would do sth. ^{不能故事的开头，只能用于事物的后续描述中。}

collect ^{的含义之一为“（去）取，接”}

arm(ed) with ^{可以表示“带着、装着、穿着”等}

理解长难句 ^{很多时候名词加入了多个修饰词后会变得不好理解，我们可以原子化处理，断开连接、分析主谓，按简单句理解就会变成很容易。}

Very exciting, …^{形容词短语做状语}

two feet deep ^{“数词+量词+形容词”结构可以做定语；也可以做表语}

‘The Revealer’ has been used for gold.^（单选）

Pirates used to hide gold there. .^（单选）

How was the hole?^（单选）

‘The Revealer’ is a very good .^（单选）

The coin was almost worthless. So it was of small .^（单选）