Lesson 55 Not a gold mine 并非金矿

Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently.

… were almost realized / fulfilled. ^{实义前、助系后}

Dreams come true ^{梦想成真(精简后)}

1. Dreams of + 名词 ^{介宾(名、动名、代)}
2. Dreams of finding ...
3. ...lost treasure ^被丢失的

come true ^{变成现实，（预言、期望等）成为事实，（愿意）实现 came into reality / was realized / was fulfilled.}

• His dream to travel around the world at last came true.
• My dream of studying abroad came true.
• His dream ended / was shattered.

A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.

一句话中只有一个动词, 如果再出现动词, 可以用 and 并列连接, 也可以变成复合句, 用 when, because连接, 还可以使这个动词表示动词意思, 但不做谓语, 即非谓语动词过去分词做定语, 表示 “被”，如 ploughed field。

长难句解析 ^{通过连接词断开为3个句子：and、which → 找到谓语动词(三态 + 一否) → 按简单句理解即可}

n. + called ^{被称之为…的…}

• the plane called a “Pilatus Porter”

used to do ^{过去常常(前面无 be)}

• We used to go sailing on the lake in summer. ^{从前的夏天，我们经常泛舟湖上。}
• Don't you remember all those things we used to believe when we were little? ^{难道你不记得我们小时候相信的那些事情了吗？}
• I used to imagine myself as a princess when I was a child. ^{当我还是个孩子的时候，我常想象自己是个公主。}

be used to do sth. ^{被用来…（如果用短语修饰其他词, 则把短语放在被修饰词的后边）}

• Chlorine is used to disinfect water. ^{氯用来给水消毒。}
• A lot of our land is used to grow crops for export. ^{我们很多的土地用来种植出口作物。}
  
• This formula is used to calculate the area of a circle. ^{这个公式用于计算圆的面积。}

The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where -- it is said -- pirates used to hide gold.

-- it is said -- 是插入语 ^{当“据说”讲，后插入到句子中间做补充说明的，与句子并没有实际的关系(不重要)。= people say / they say}

where = in which ^{翻译时译为 “在那儿”，修饰 cave；}

• This is the river which / that I swim in. ^口语 = This is the river in which I swim. ^{正式、书面}
• This is the river where I swim.  ^{（where I swim = in which I swim）where 书面与口语都适合}

* The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. ^{就算没有often通过would也能表示“常常”}

would 表示过去的习惯性动作, 但此处表示 “used to” 过去常做。当我们提到过去某一特定时间时, 我们有时可用 would 来代替 used to，有时则不可以，而且 would 需要指出具体时间，used to 则不需要。

would do sth. ^{不能故事的开头，只能用于事物的后续描述中（即：通常不会出现在文章第一段话...）。}

• When I was a boy, I used to spent my holiday in a factory. I would get up at 5:00 and would start working at 6:00.
• In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner.

1. 讲故事第一次出现时用 used to do；
2. would do 可和 often, always 等词连用，只表示过去习惯性的动作而不能表示过去的状态；used to do 两者都可以。He used to be a taxi driver.
3. would do 主语只能是人，used to do 主语是人是物都可以。There used to be a tree in the backyard.

fail to do sth. ^{未能、不能、忘记做某事项 （fail 后面接动词不定式表示否定）}

• He failed to see the reason why they sent him away.
• If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!
• Once, however, it failed to give the correct time.

collect ^{的含义之一为“（去）取，接”}

• Don’t fail to collect me before you go to the party. ^{不要忘记接我}
• I’ll collect my post on my way home. ^{我会在回家的路上取邮件的}

*  Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.

arm(ed) with ^{可以表示“带着、装着、穿着”等}

• Don’t worry. I’m armed with an umbrella. ^{带了一把伞}
• You’d better arm yourself with a warm coat. ^{你最好带(装备)一件暖和的外套。}
• Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.
• Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.
• Armed with my luggage, I went to the station hoping to catch the last train home. ^{带上行李，我到了车站，希望能赶上最后一班回家的火车。}

The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground.

一大包一小的句型，先使用连接词断开句子再理解。时间状语从句里再包括了一个宾语从句。

理解长难句 ^{很多时候名词加入了多个修饰词后会变得不好理解，我们可以原子化处理，断开连接、分析主谓，按简单句理解就会变成很容易。}

• The leader was examining the soil. ^{x正在检查土壤。}
• When the machine showed gold under the ground. ^{当机器发现地下有金子的时候。}

Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep.

Very exciting, … ^{形容词短语做状语}

• Tired of sleeping on the floor, …

    two feet deep ^{“数词+量词+形容词”结构可以做定语； 也可以做表语。}

• I am five years old.
• The street is five meters wide/long/wide/high/deep ^{人有多高用 “tall”}

数词 + 量词 + 形容词^{（long/wide/high/deep）}

• The rug is 2 meters long.
• The rug is 2 meters wide.
• The tower is 20 meters high.
• The hole is 2 feet deep.

In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.

in spite of + 宾语

• In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
• In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
• In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.

of + 名词 = 形容词 ^{（… which was of little worth.）}

• The meeting is very important. = The meeting is of great importance.
• It’s useless. = It’s of no use.
• … something of value … = … something valuable …
• Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest.

什么是非谓语动词？

非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语（主要动词）的动词形式。它们不具备时态和人称的变化，并且通常以动词的基本形式、动名词或过去分词的形式出现。非谓语动词在句子中通常用作动词、形容词或副词的补语，或者用作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。

非谓语动词在句子中的使用方式和功能取决于它们在句子结构中的位置和上下文。常见的用法包括不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语、独立非谓语动词等。非谓语动词的正确使用对于理解和构建复杂句子非常重要。

什么时候用非谓语动词？