Lesson 4 Seeing hands能看见东西的手 定语从句 状语从句

Seeing hands ^{看得见(东西)的手}

= Hands that can see things ^定语从句

• The device is designed for seeing hands that can interact with virtual objects. ^{这个设备是为能与虚拟物体互动的看得见的手设计的。}
• She described her ability as having seeing hands that could sense hidden items. ^{她描述自己的能力为拥有能感知隐藏物体的看得见的手。}
• Children with seeing hands can explore the world in unique ways. ^{拥有看得见的手的孩子们能以独特的方式探索世界。}

Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. ^{改变正常语序 使句式平衡}

cases of people who ... ^{人的[定语从句]事例}

cases 与 of people 之间隔着谓语、地点状语、时间状语。原因是 cases of people 的定语从句太长了，所以改变了正常的语序。这也是导致【长难句】的原因。

• We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. ^{这句话时间放到了地点的前面}
• He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. ^{原语序为：turn to sb. for sth.}
• If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp. ^{invest 与宾语从句之间插入了 with significance 导致宾语后置}

What is an intellectual? I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems. ^考研英语
His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. 
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

• Several reports have surfaced of scientists who can predict outcomes with high accuracy. ^{出现了几份关于科学家能高精度预测结果的报告。}
• There are stories of adventurers who explored uncharted lands. ^{有关于探险家探索未知土地的故事。}
• News spread of volunteers who dedicated their lives to charity. ^{有关志愿者将一生奉献给慈善事业的消息传开了。}

detect ^{v. perceive; discern 费力察觉}

• I detected a hint of irony in her words. ^{我在她的话中察觉到一丝讽刺。}
• ... but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, ... ^{下文中出现}
• She can detect things with different parts of her skin. ^{她能用皮肤的不同部位察觉事物。}
•  In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began.

see through ^{看穿/坚持完成/帮助度过难关}

• We can all see through your little game.
• I could see through his lies immediately. ^{我立刻就能看穿他的谎言。}
• She promised to stand by him, and once you make that commitment you have to see it through. ^{《绝望主妇》}

《老友记》
Rachel: Oh God, I hate my job, I hate it, I hate my job, I hate it. 
Monica: I know honey, I'm sorry.
Rachel: Oh, I wanna quit, but then I think I should stick it out.

嵌套结构 vs. 并列结构  ^语言现象

One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls.

concern ^{v. be about sb. or sth. 关于}

• A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.
• A recent piece of news concerns Luo Jing, a popular CCTV newscaster, who died of cancer. ^{最近一则新闻关于罗京，中央电视台的著名播音员，因癌症去世。}
• The documentary concerns the challenges faced by endangered species. ^{这部纪录片关于濒危物种面临的挑战。}

vision ^{视力（不可数）}

This ability was first noticed by her father.

notice ^注意到

• Her father was the first to notice her unusual ability. ^{她的父亲是第一个注意到她不寻常能力的人。}
• I noticed a strange smell coming from the kitchen. ^{我注意到厨房里传来一股奇怪的气味。}
• Teachers often notice when students are struggling with their work. ^{老师们常常会注意到学生在学习上遇到困难。}

One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe.

happen to do ^{碰巧发生(偶然的)}

• I happened to meet an old friend in town. ^{我碰巧在镇上遇到了一个老朋友。}
• It happened that I met an old friend in town. ^{it happen that ...}
• It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.

Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.

lock sth. away / up ^{把…锁在安全的地方}

• He locked his money away in the safe. ^{他把钱锁在保险箱里。}
• Valuable documents are often locked up in a secure vault. ^{贵重文件通常被锁在安全的保险库里。}
• She locked her diary away to keep it private. ^{她把日记锁起来以保护隐私。}

the way (in which / that / 省略)  ^{定语从句的省略（正如）}

• The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. ^{社会的条件使得技能必须像商店里支付商品一样被支付。}
• John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom...
• One of the strengths of this essay is the way in which it thoughtfully considers the opposing claim. ^{这篇文章的优点之一是它认真考虑对立方观点的方式。}

do … up = fasten ... ^捆起来

• He stopped to do up his shoe lace. ^{他停下来系鞋带。}
• All the packages are done up and ready for the post. ^{所有包裹都已捆好，准备邮寄。}
• She did up the gifts in colorful wrapping paper. ^{她用彩色包装纸把礼物捆起来。}

in + 数量词 ^成组地

• Lions often hunt in pairs. ^{狮子常常成对狩猎。}
• People began to arrive in twos and threes. ^{人们开始三三两两地到达。}
• The books were packed in bundles for shipping. ^{书籍被捆成捆准备运输。}

Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic.

be brought to sb.’s notice / attention ^{受到某人注意(sb. 太长需要换成 the notice of sb.)}

• Their working conditions were only brought to public notice last year. ^{他们的工作条件直到去年才引起公众的注意。}
• And the more brought to the attention of the people. ^{而且越加受到人们的重视。}
• It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff. ^{希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。}

give sb. a test ^{给某人做测试}

• She was given a test to assess her unique abilities. ^{她接受了一项测试以评估她的独特能力。}
• The students were given a test to evaluate their understanding of the material. ^{学生们接受了一项测试以评估他们对材料的理解。}
• The doctor gave him a test to check his reflexes. ^{医生给他做了一项测试以检查他的反应能力。}

a series of ^一连串的

• She attended a series of lectures on modern science. ^{她参加了一连串关于现代科学的讲座。}
• a series of lectures / rainy days / math books ^丛书
• In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences ...

the Ministry / Department of ^部门

• The proposal was reviewed by the Ministry of Health. ^{该提案由卫生部审查。}
• She works for the Department of Education in the U.S. ^{她在美国教育部工作。}
• The policy was issued by the Ministry of Finance. ^{该政策由财政部发布。}

During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers,（she was able） to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet.

stranger still ^{更奇怪的是}

• She could read through walls, and stranger still, she could sense colors with her elbows. ^{她能透过墙壁阅读，更奇怪的是，她能用肘部感知颜色。}
• Stranger still, smoke began at once to ascend. ^{更奇怪的是，烟马上开始飘了起来。}
• Stranger still, the braincase was little bigger than a walnut. ^{更为奇怪的是，大脑甚至比胡桃还要小。}

let alone ^{在Gre里的写作范文}

• In short, without better evidence that the survey is statistically reliable the chairperson cannot rely on it to draw any firm conclusion about the overall recycling commitment of West Egg residents —let alone about how quickly the landfill will reach capacity.  ^{let alone 放到否定，后面句型一致}
• Moreover, the author has not shown any correlation, let alone a cause-and-effect relationship, between the number of hours a person spends watching television and that industry's profits.
• Without ruling out all other possible explanations for the grade-average increase, the dean cannot convince me that by terminating the evaluation procedure Omega would curb its perceived grade inflation, let alone help its graduates get jobs.
• In short, without ruling out other possible reasons for the strong sales the vice president cannot convince me that Plainsville residents are exercising regularly, let alone that they would be interested in buying the sorts of food and other products that NW sells.

并列句省略主语和谓语 ^{省略重复部分}

• In 1975, the number of students in our school was about five hundred, and in 1981, over two thousand. ^{1975年，我们学校的学生人数大约为五百，而在1981年，超过两千。}
• He was tired after work, and later, too exhausted to eat. ^{他工作后很累，之后太疲惫而吃不下饭。}

make out  ^{see or hear sb. or sth.with difficulty 依稀看见/听见}

• I could just make out a figure in the darkness. ^{我在黑暗中只能依稀看见一个身影。}
• He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars.
• I couldn’t make out what he was saying. ^{我听不清他在说什么。}
• She made out the outlines of the picture under the carpet with her foot. ^{她用脚依稀辨认出地毯下图片的轮廓。}

Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity.

sensitivity ^敏感性

• Her knees and shoulders showed a remarkable sensitivity to colors. ^{她的膝盖和肩膀对颜色表现出惊人的敏感性。}
• The device has a high sensitivity to detect faint signals. ^{该设备对检测微弱信号有很高的敏感性。}
• His sensitivity to light made it hard to work outdoors. ^{他对光的敏感性使他在户外工作很困难。}
• Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk.

During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and indeed, except when (she was) blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin.

indeed ^事实上

• She was talented, and indeed, her skills amazed everyone. ^{她很有天赋，事实上，技能令人惊叹。}
• The task was difficult, indeed, impossible without help. ^{这项任务很难，事实上，没有帮助是不可能的。}
• It was cold, indeed, freezing outside. ^{天气很冷，事实上，外面冷得要命。}

状语从句省略 ^{省略主语和be动词(状语从句的主语如果与主句主句统一，从句是be动词词可省略主谓)}

• He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. ^{因此，如果他晚到晚宴会被原谅。}
• Metals expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. ^{金属加热时膨胀，冷却时收缩。}
• Francis Preston Blair Jr., although (he was) born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri. 
• Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes. ^{法官无论多么睿智或杰出，都是人，可能会犯错。}
• While (he was) on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman.
• We’ll resolve the Vladivostok issue with peaceful means when (it is) ever possible, with force when (it is) necessary. ^{虚主语省略}

It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.

cease to do / doing ^{停止做某事}

• That department has ceased to exist. ^{那个部门已经不复存在。}
• There are instances when patriotism ceases to be an empty slogan. 
• The factory has ceased making bicycles. ^{工厂已经停止生产自行车。}

the moment (when/at which/that/省略) + 定语从句

• From the moment he arrived there, everything changed. ^{从他到达那里的那一刻起，一切都变了。}
• I felt nervous the moment I stepped into the room. ^{我一踏进房间的那一刻就感到紧张。}
• She smiled the moment she saw her friend. ^{她一看到朋友的那一刻就笑了。}

wet ^{湿的（表面有水、或者吸饱了水）}

• Her hands were wet, so her ability ceased. ^{她的手湿了，因此她的能力消失了。}
• We got wet through. ^{我们浑身上下都湿透了。}
• Her wet clothes were sticking to her body. ^{湿衣服贴在她身上。}