Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another礼尚往来时态 动词不定式

One good turn deserves another ^{礼尚往来(善有善报)}

turn ^{n.情况的变化（good turn 破天慌了、突然变（good、bad、kind...）了、太意外了）}

• One bad turn deserves another ^恶有恶报
• One kind turn deserves another ^{一次善良的举动值得回报（善有善报）}
• One generous turn deserves another. ^{一次慷慨的举动值得回报}
• One helpful turn deserves another.^{一次有帮助的举动值得回报}
• One thoughtful turn deserves another.^{一次体贴的举动值得回报}
• One considerate turn deserves another.^{一次体贴周到的举动值得回报}

I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.^{（使用过去进行时表强调）}

当一个事情持续进行，另一件事情打断的时态组合 ^{（过去进行时 + 一般过去 = 两件事同时发生）}

• When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.
• While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen.
• When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.

Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank ^(now).

(some/several) years ago ^{名词-s,前面省略了 some}

He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.

always \ never ^{决定了时态为一般现在(现在、经常性的、习惯性的)}

• The teachers in the New Oriental school can get a good salary. ^{获得不错的薪水}

never ^(从不) = not ^{never前面不需要加助动词}

• I never get up early on Sundays. ^{我从不在星期天早起。}
• I don't get up early on Sundays. ^{我在星期天不早起。}
• I get up late on Sunday. ^{我在星期天起来得晚。}

pay back ^{“偿还（债务等）”，、“付，支付（价款、账单）等”}

• How much did you pay^(vi.) for that dress.
• I paid^(vt.) the bill.

Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table.^{(and 连接三个并列的动词)}

Would you like to join us?^{邀请别人加入}

He has never borrowed money from me. ^{过去完成时([到目前为止]他从未向我借过钱。)}

borrow ^借；借入

• He never borrowed money from me. ^{一般过去时（他[过去]从未向我借过钱。）}
• Can I borrow your pen for a moment? ^{我能借一下你的笔吗？}
• I've arranged that we can borrow their car. ^{我已经说好了，我们可以借用他们的车。}
• It's all right to borrow money occasionally, but don't let it become a habit. ^{偶尔借点钱倒没关系，但不要养成习惯。}

'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'

pay for ^{为…而付钱}

• I have paid for you a dinner.
• I have paid 20 dollars for the book.
• Must I pay for my cancel? ^{我需要为我的取消付款吗？}

在英语语法中，动词不定式（Infinitive）是一种非谓语动词形式，由动词的基本形式加上“to”构成。不定式可以起到名词、形容词或副词的作用，并能作为句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语等。

动词不定式有两种形式：带有“to”的to-infinitive和不带“to”的bare infinitive。其中，to-infinitive常用于表示目的、原因、结果、意图、需求等，也常用于某些动词后作宾语。bare infinitive则用于情态动词、感官动词、助动词等后面。

还有一些动词后面用不定式作宾语时，其后通常必须有一名词或代词。这类动词有 allow，advise，help， teach，tell，request 等。

• We were not allowed to see the picture. ^被动语态
• I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.^{ask sb. to do sth.}
• I want to speak to John.^{want to do sth.}
• I want you to speak to John. ^{want sb. to do sth.}

hope ^{一定不能说 hope sb. to do sth.}

hope 觉得某事可能发生或者通过自己努力可以让其发生I hope that you have a good time.；wish 觉得某事不可能或者难以实现（往往是幻想或遗憾）I wish I had studied harder.

动词 + to do sth. ^{主语自己做某事}

动词 + sb. + to do sth. ^{要/让别人做某事}

完形填空

The Taj Mahal was built (build) in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. A few years after he became (become) ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, died (die). The Taj Mahal was built (build) in her honour.

Experts were called (call) in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls. The Taj Mahal which was begun (begin) in 1632 and was completed (complete) in 1654, cost (cost) a fortune. Up to the present day, it has been visited  (visit) by millions of people.

扩展知识 ^{（美国小费(gratuity)文化）}

To everyone acting like tipping rules are written in stone, let’s talk about it.

I had a $612 dinner bill, and suddenly I’m “supposed” to leave over $120 just because the total was higher? Same plates carried, same drinks refilled, same amount of time at the table—but somehow the menu prices decide the server’s pay?

I left $9 That’s still real money for a couple hours of service. But the mood shifted immediately, like I’d broken some unspoken law. Then the manager came over talking about “industry standards,” as if that settles the whole debate.

Since when does a more expensive meal automatically mean more effort? If I order a $50 entrée instead of a $20 one, does the plate suddenly weigh more?

I do tip for good service. But I don’t think a tip should automatically become a percentage-based surcharge just because the restaurant charges more.

So honestly is that fair, or have we just gotten too used to it to question it?