Episode 1 46 Linden Street ACT I 林登大街46号 （第一幕）

Excuse me. My name is Richard Stewart. I'm a photographer. ^{与陌生人搭讪并介绍自己}

Excuse me ^{对不起，劳驾 §}

自我介绍时可以先介绍自己的名字(先说自己名字，再问人家名字是一个礼貌的行为)，再说明自己的职业。请通过替换下的句子，进行口语练习。

• My name is ________. ^{介绍自己的名字时，可以像Richard一样}
• I'm ______. ^{也可以像Mrs. Vann那样,也可以介绍自己的职业}
• My name is Kwok, I'm a programmer. ^{请尝试替换并自然的说出来[练习口语]}

photographer ^{n. a person whose job is to take pictures with a camera 摄影师}

• After leaving college, he set himself up as a freelance photographer. ^{大学毕业后，他干起了特约摄影师。}
• She became a photographer, roving the world with her camera in her hand. ^{她成了摄影师，手拿相机，四海漂泊。}
• How come you're a photographer? ^{你是如何成为一名摄影师的？}

May I take a picture of you and your little boy? ^{我可以...吗？}

Ask for permission ^{征求意见（用过去式更委婉）}

• May I borrow your newspaper? ^{把你的报纸借我看行吗？}
• May I offer you some refreshment? ^{可以请您吃点喝点什么吗？}
• Can I speak off the record? ^{我可以私下里说吗？}
• Could you take a picture of us with the sea in the background? ^{你能帮我们以大海为背景拍张照吗？}

take a picture of ... ^给...拍照

• Could you take a picture of us with the Eiffel Tower? ^{你能帮我们和埃菲尔铁塔合个影吗？}
• I want to take a picture of this beautiful sunset. ^{我想把这美丽的日落拍下来。}
• Don't move! I'm trying to take a picture of that bird. ^{别动！我正想给那只鸟拍张照。}

What's it for? ^{(拍照片)是干嘛用的？}

What's ... for? ^{…是用来做什么的？}

• What's this button for?  It's for ... ^{这个按钮是干什么用的？用来...}
• I found this tool in the drawer, what's it for? ^{我在抽屉里发现了这个工具，它是干嘛使的？}
• What's all this extra money for? ^{这么多额外的钱是用来干什么的？}

You're writing a book? ^{口语表达之升调陈述句疑问句}

Declarative Question ^{陈述式疑问句(句尾升调)}

• You're writing a book? ^{口语（没想到、很意外）} ⇒ Are you writing a book? ^{标准书面语}
• You are tired. ⇒ You're tired? ^{（你累了？）}
• He knows her. ⇒ He knows her? ^{（他认识她？）}
• It is true. ⇒ It's true? ^{（这是真的？）}

【陈述句原样，不倒装】功能：口语里替代一般疑问句，表惊讶 / 确认。正式度：极口语化，书面和考试不能用。

I call it Family Album, U.S.A. ^{我管它叫《走遍美国》。}

call it ... ^{把它称作…}

• My friends call it a day after eight hours of work. ^{我的朋友们工作八小时后就收工了。}
• Some people call it luck, but I call it hard work. ^{有人管这叫运气，但我管这叫努力。}
• Let's call it a deal. ^{那咱们就成交吧。}

Well, it's fine if you take our picture. ^{行啊，你可以拍。}

It's fine if ... ^{没问题 / 没关系 / 可以}

• It's fine if you can't make it to the party tonight. ^{如果你今晚来不了聚会也没关系。}
• It's fine with me if we change the meeting time. ^{改会议时间我这边没问题。}
• Don't worry about the broken glass, it's fine. ^{别担心碎玻璃的事，没事儿。}

I appreciate your help. ^{多谢你的帮忙。}

这是在受别人帮助或听了别人的忠告之后的感谢语。在 Richard 向 Mrs. Vann 说明了照片的用途后，Mrs. Vann 欣然接受拍照的请求，之后 Richard 立即向对方表达了感谢。这里也可以说: I really appreciate it.

appreciate sth. ^{感激 ...  / 欣赏}

• I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else.  ^{欣赏 \ 鉴赏...}
• Children always appreciate small gifts of money. ^{欣赏，感激}
• I really appreciate you taking the time to talk to me. ^{真的很感激你抽空和我谈话。}
• We appreciate all the hard work you've put in. ^{我们非常感谢你付出的所有努力。}
• I would appreciate it if you could keep this a secret. ^{如果你能保守这个秘密，我将不胜感激。}

How old are you, Gerald? ^{问小朋友的年龄(套近乎)}

How old ^{多大了.../多少岁}

在英语文化里，年龄是很强的隐私，尤其是对成年人，能不能问主要看「关系亲疏 + 对方年龄 + 场合」，女士年龄 = 顶级隐私；第一次见面、陌生人、普通同事等，初次社交、商务场合、职场，严禁问年龄、收入、婚姻，都是隐私雷区。小孩随便问，熟人同龄人可以问；不熟的女性、长辈、职场陌生人，千万别问。

• How old are you, little boy?  ^{问小朋友、小孩、中小学生不会有太大的问题。}
• How about you? / And you? ^{对方先说自己几岁，你可以反问。}
• Which year were you born?^{【非要问，可以委婉点】（你哪年出生的？）}
• When’s your birthday?^{（你生日什么时候？） 如果对方愿意说就会说，不愿意也不会尴尬。}

And where do you live? ^{接着问：你住哪儿啊【大概区域】？}

顺着话题聊^{(让气氛缓和一点)}

• Whereabouts do you live? ^{你住哪一片儿呀？（更委婉，只问大概位置）}
• Do you live in New York? No, no. I'm from Florida.
• Which part of town do you live in?  ^{你住在城里哪边呀？}
• Do you live around here?  ^{你就住这附近吗？（最自然，零尴尬）}
• Which area do you live in?  ^{你住哪个区域呀？}
• You live nearby?  ^{你住附近呀？（像上面的 You're writing a book?）}
• Oh, that’s a really nice area!  ^{哦那片儿挺不错的！}
• That’s not far from here.  ^{离这儿还挺近的嘛。}
• I know that place! It’s really convenient. ^{我知道那地方！特别方便。}
• That’s a cool neighborhood.  ^{那片地段挺好的。}

实战演示

A: Nice to meet you! 
B: Nice to meet you too. 
A: Do you live around here? 
B: Yeah, I live in the east part of the city. 
A: Oh, that’s a really nice area! Is it quiet there? 
B: Yeah, it’s pretty quiet.

让聊天不尴尬

• Is it easy to get around from your place?  ^{你住那边出行方便吗？}
• Do you like living there?  ^{你喜欢住在那边吗？}
• Any good cafes near your home?  ^{你家附近有不错的咖啡馆吗？}

下面是尬聊示范^{（打探隐私）}

• Where exactly do you live? 
• What’s your address?
• Which apartment do you live in?

Well, welcome to New York.

表示欢迎^{（口语替换）}

• Welcome to the Big Apple!
• Enjoy your stay in [城市名字]! ^{或者 Enjoy New York!}
• So nice you made it to New York!
• Have a good time in NYC! ^{聊天软件(缩写)}
• Cool you’re here in ________. ^熟人之间
• Welcome to China. / Welcome to our school.

较正式^{(尝试填空[你的城市名])}

• Great to have you in ________ . 
• So glad you’re here in _______.
• Nice to have you in _________.
• It’s a pleasure to have you in __________.
• We’re happy to welcome you to ________.
• We welcome you to our city, ____________. ^{后面是同位语}

回答：Thank you for the warm welcome.^{（感谢热烈欢迎）}

实战练习

A: Well, welcome to ________. _{[请补充为你的城市、地区、地点]} 
B: Thanks a lot! It’s my first time here. 
A: Oh, really? Are you just visiting, or do you live here? 
B: I’m just visiting for a week. 
A: That’s nice! Which part of the city are you staying in? 
B: Midtown / Downtown, near _________. ^{[补充的市中心附近]} 
A: Oh, that’s a really busy area! Super convenient.

OK, just a second. I'm almost ready here. 

表示马上就好

• OK, one second. I’m almost ready.
• Alright, just a moment. I’m nearly done here.
• Hang on, I’m almost finished.
• One sec, I’m almost good to go.
• Gimme a sec, I’m nearly ready.
• Hold up, I’m just about ready.
• Just a tick, I’m almost there. 

稍微礼貌一点^{（对不太熟的人）}

• Just a moment, I’ll be ready shortly.
• Bear with me, I’m almost set.
• Could you wait a second? I’m nearly done.

just a second = one second / one sec / just a moment / just a tick
I'm almost ready = I'm nearly done / I'm almost finished / I'm just about ready / I'm almost good to go

Hold Gerald's hand, please. ^{牵着杰拉德的手。}

Hold one's hand ^{牵手/握手}

• Hold my hand while we cross the street. ^{过马路时牵着我的手。}
• She held his hand tightly during the movie. ^{看电影时她紧紧握着他的手。}
• The nurse held the patient's hand to comfort him. ^{护士握住病人的手来安慰他。}

Now point to the buildings. Terrific! Give Mommy a kiss, Gerald.

Imperative Sentence ^祈使句

用来表示命令、请求、叮嘱、指令、号召的句子，专门用来让对方做某事。主语永远是 you（你 / 你们），默认省略，不写出来（口语中通常是面对面的）。

• Don't do that. Give it to me.  ^{Don’t + 动词原形}
• Now point at the buildings. Great! Give a kiss to Mommy, Gerald. ^替换表达

point to ^{指向（远处 / 具体的事物）} 

• Point at the buildings. ^{更强调 “指着近处的具体东西”，和 point to 日常几乎互换}
• Show me the buildings. ^{指给我看那些建筑（更温柔）}
• Look at the buildings. ^{看那些建筑（语义相近，指令更温和）}

Terrific ^{夸孩子、夸表现(语气热情);太棒了！了不起！好极了！}

• Great! ^{（最通用）}
• Awesome! ^{（超棒！）}
• Wonderful! ^{（太好了！）}
• Excellent! ^{（优秀！）}
• Fantastic! ^{（太棒啦！）}
• Perfect! ^{（完美！）}
• Well done! ^{（做得好！）}
• Nice / Good job! ^{（干得不错！）}
• Brilliant! ^{（英式口语，绝了！）}

give  ^{“双宾语动词”}

间接宾语（人）：动作的接受者【中间人】；直接宾语（物）：动作的对象。

• Give a kiss to Mommy. ^{可替换（但遵守“礼让弱小”原则，谁短谁放前面）}

We'll be looking for your book. ^{我们会关注你的新书的。}

look for ^{寻找/期待/关注}

• I'm looking for a new job in New York. ^{我正在纽约找新工作。}
• What are you looking for in your bag? ^{你在包里翻什么呢？}
• We'll be looking for your latest post on Instagram. ^{我们会关注你社交媒体上的动态的。}

Oh, my pleasure. ^{噢，不用谢 / 我的荣幸。}

(It's) My pleasure ^{不客气 / 乐意效劳}

• "Thanks for the gift!" "My pleasure, I'm glad you like it." ^{“谢谢你的礼物！”“别客气，你喜欢就好。”}
• It was my pleasure to host you and your family. ^{接待你和你家人是我的荣幸。}
• My pleasure. Always happy to help a friend. ^{没关系。总归是很乐意帮朋友忙的。}

Oh, you're welcome. ^{噢，不客气。}

You're welcome ^{不客气 / 应该的}

• "Thanks for the ride." "You're welcome!" ^{“谢谢你载我。”“不客气！”}
• You're welcome to join us for dinner. ^{非常欢迎你和我们一起吃晚饭。}
• "Thank you for the advice." "You're welcome, anytime." ^{“谢谢你的建议。”“不用谢，随时效劳。”}

let me take your picture! ^{让我给你拍张照吧！}

let me ... ^{让我…（主动提议帮忙或做某事）}

• Let me carry that heavy bag for you. ^{让我帮你提那个重包吧。}
• Let me know if you need anything else. ^{如果你还需要别的就告诉我。}
• Let me check my schedule and get back to you. ^{让我查下日程再回复你。}

Are you from New York? ^{你是纽约人吗？}

Do you come from New York? ^可替换

be from ... ^{来自… / 是…人}

• Are you a New Yorker?^{（最地道，本地人常用）}
• Are you from around here? = Are you from around here? ^{你是这附近的人吗？}
• I'm originally from China, but I live in LA now. ^{我老家是中国，但现在住洛杉矶。}
• She is from a very small town in Italy. ^{她来自意大利的一个小镇。}

肯定/否定的其它回答方式

• Yes, I am. I was born and raised here.是的，我土生土长的。
• No, I’m not. I’m from …
• Actually, I’m just visiting. ^{其实我只是来玩的。}
• I’m from China. I’m here on vacation.

纽约是美国最大且最著名的国际性城市（美国的首都是：华盛顿，纽约与华盛顿的知名度相当于中国的上海与北京进行比较），这里的人来自世界各地，肤色杂陈，语言的种类繁多，可以说是整个世界的缩影，其地标则为：自由女神像。当然也有很多借住在当地美国人家中的外国留学生，通过与本地人接触来了解美国的生活习惯与文化。

I'm an exchange student.

exchange student ^交换生

Oh, Greece! That’s so cool! How are you enjoying New York as an exchange student? ^{顺着聊下去}

• That’s really interesting! How do you like New York so far? ^{真有意思！你到现在觉得纽约怎么样？}
• How are you finding life in ________? ^{你在[城市名]的生活过得怎么样？回答：It’s great, but a little busy.}
• An exchange student? That’s awesome! How long are you staying here? ^{交换生呀？太棒了！你要在这儿待多久？}
• Greece is amazing! Do you miss home a lot? ^{希腊超棒的！你会很想家吗？}

When did you come here? ^{你什么时候来这儿的？}

come here ^来这里

• Why did you come here so early today? ^{你今天怎么来这么早？}
• I came here to study art. ^{我来这儿是为了学艺术。}
• Please come here for a second, I need your help. ^{请过来一下，我需要你帮忙。}
• How do you like New York so far? ^{你觉得纽约怎么样？}
• Do you like living here?
• How long have you been here? = When did you come here? ^{你来这儿多久了？}
• Are you here for work or for fun?

Three months ago. ^{三个月前。}

months ^{的发音[舌尖轻抵上齿]发“吃”}

绝大多数 native speaker 会把 months 直接读成 /mʌns/，略掉咬舌音 /θ/，直接读：曼斯。

• month /mʌnθ/ ^{月份（单数）}
• months /mʌnθs/  ^{口语常读 /mʌns/（复数）}
• mouths /maʊðz/ ^{嘴巴（复数，浊辅音，和 months 不一样）}

... ago ^{…之前（通常配合过去时）}

• I graduated from college two years ago. ^{我两年前大学毕业。}
• The movie started ten minutes ago. ^{电影十分钟前就开始了。}
• Long ago, there was a king in this castle. ^{很久以前，这座城堡里住着一位国王。}

I studied English in school. ^{我在学校学过英语。}

study ... in school ^{在学校学习（某学科）}

• Did you study French in school? ^{你在学校学过法语吗？}
• We studied world history in school last year. ^{我们去年在学校学了世界史。}
• I studied hard in school to get into a good university. ^{我在学校很努力学习，为了考上好大学。}

Would you like some coffee?

Would you like... ^{你想要…吗？（礼貌提议）}

• Would you like a refill on your soda? ^{你的汽水要续杯吗？}
• Would you like me to give you a ride home? ^{需要我开车送你回家吗？}
• Would you like another piece of cake? ^{你想再来一块蛋糕吗？}
• Would you like to try it?
• Would you like something to eat?

回答示例

• Yes, please! That’s very kind of you.  ^{好的，麻烦你了！你人真好。}
• Sure, thank you so much!  ^{好呀，太谢谢你啦！}
• Yes, I want some coffee. × ^{字面没有错，出于礼貌应该用上面的委婉表达。}
• No, thank you. That’s very kind of you anyway.  ^{不用啦，谢谢你，你太客气了。}
• I’m okay for now, thanks a lot!  ^{我暂时不用啦，多谢！}

Tell me about your book.

【中式】委婉的拒绝

• Oh, it’s just a small storybook.  ^{哦，就是一本小故事书而已。}
• It’s still a work in progress.  ^{还在写着呢，没写完。}
• Just something I’m writing for fun.  ^{就是随便写写，图个好玩。}
• It’s just a simple book about travel and daily life. ^{就是一本关于旅行和日常生活的简单小书。}
• It’s nothing special, really. ^{其实没什么特别的。}
• I’m not even sure if it’s any good. ^{我都不确定写得好不好。}

tell someone about... ^{告诉某人关于…的情况}

• Can you tell me about your experience in London? ^{能跟我讲讲你在伦敦的经历吗？}
• I need to tell you about what happened at the office today. ^{我得跟你说下今天办公室发生的事。}
• Stop talking and tell me about the movie you saw. ^{别啰嗦了，快跟我说说你看到那部电影。}

It's not finished yet. 

Well, it’s about my life as an exchange student in New York. It’s still a work in progress. ^{角色互换【Alexandra】}

not ... yet ^{还没…（表示动作尚未完成）}

• The results are not available yet. ^{结果还没出来呢。}
• I'm not ready to leave yet, give me five minutes. ^{我还没准备好出发，再给我五分钟。}
• Dinner's not served yet, but it's close. ^{晚饭还没好，但也快了。}
• I am still working on it. ^{我仍在努力完成它。}

the cities, the special places, and the people. ... steel workers, bankers, police, street vendors, ambulance drivers, doctors...

冠词与名词之间的关系 §

• 带 the 的（定冠词）：the cities, the special places, and the people ^{双方都知道、话题里明确的、特定的那一些。前面加 the，就是 “咱们说的这些”，范围是确定的。}
• 不带冠词（零冠词）：steel workers, bankers, police, street vendors, ambulance drivers, doctors ^{复数名词前不加冠词（零冠词）：泛指一类人（统称某一职业、某一群体，不特指哪几个）}

And these are pictures of people working.

a picture of  ^...的照片

• I love looking at pictures of people dancing at weddings. ^{我喜欢看人们在婚礼上跳舞的照片。}
• He has many pictures of people hiking in the mountains. ^{他有很多人们在山里徒步的照片。}
• Show me the pictures of people celebrating the festival. ^{给我看看大家庆祝节日的照片。}

She works for a toy company.

She works for the toy company.^{（特指：我们都知道的那家玩具公司）}

work for... ^{在…工作 / 为…效力}

• Does your brother work for the government? ^{你哥哥是为政府工作的吗？}
• I've worked for this firm for over ten years. ^{我在这家公司干了十多年了。}
• She works for a famous fashion designer. ^{她为一位著名的时装设计师工作。}

顺着话，往下接（聊职场）

• A toy company? That sounds really fun!  ^{玩具公司？听起来好有意思啊！}
• What does she do there exactly?  ^{她具体在那儿做什么工作呀？（回答：She designs toys for kids.）}
• That must be interesting. Does she like her job?  ^{肯定挺有意思的。她喜欢这份工作吗？}
• Wow, toys! I love that kind of job. ^{哇，玩具！我喜欢这种工作。} 

称赞对方的家人，是美国人很重要的一种社交习惯，被人称赞时，与中国儒家谦虚的文化不同的是，美国人会表示乐于接受并愉快地表达感谢。当中国人在海外遇到了别人的称赞时，不要急于否认或自贬，也不要表现出扭捏不安的情绪。

And what about your family?

How about your family? What’s your family like? Tell me about your family. ^替换表达

What about... ^{那…呢？（用于引出话题或征求意见）}

• I'm having pasta, what about you? ^{我吃意面，你呢？}
• What about the plan we discussed yesterday? ^{咱们昨天讨论的那个计划怎么样了？}
• What about going to the beach this weekend? ^{这周末去海滩怎么样？}

回答示例^{（请扮演Alexandra这个角色）}

• They’re fine, thanks.  ^{他们都挺好的，谢谢。}
• I have a big family. I have two brothers and a sister. ^{我家挺大的，有两个兄弟一个妹妹。}
• My parents are back in Greece.  ^{我父母还在希腊。}
• It’s just my mom and dad.  ^{就我和爸爸妈妈。}

Will you excuse me? ^{非常礼貌、正式又得体的告辞用语}

Excuse me ^{失陪 / 抱歉（用于离开或打断）}

• Excuse me for a moment, I have to take this call. ^{失陪一下，我得接个电话。}
• Excuse me, do you know where the nearest bank is? ^{打扰一下，你知道最近的银行在哪吗？}
• Will you excuse me? I need to check on the dinner. ^{失陪一下行吗？我得去看看晚饭做得怎么样了。}

得体的回答

• Sure, no problem. ^{好的，没关系。}
• Of course. ^当然。
• Not at all. ^没事。
• It was nice talking to you. ^{很高兴和你聊天。}
• See you around. ^回头见。

It was nice meeting you. 

(It was) nice meeting you ^{很高兴认识你（was 告别语; is 见面语“缩写为 Nice to meet you! ”）}

• Nice meeting you, I hope to see you again soon. ^{认识你很高兴，希望很快能再见到你。}
• (It was) great meeting you and nice talking about our shared interests. ^{非常高兴认识你并聊了聊咱们共同的爱好。(尤其是初次见面或商务社交后，非常优雅~）}
• It was nice meeting your family at the party. ^{在聚会上见到你家人真是太好了。}

I've got to go. ^{我得走了。}

Sorry, I need to go. / I'm afraid I have to go now. / Excuse me, I have to leave. ^{可替换的表达}

have got to do... ^{必须 / 得做…（口语常用）}

• I've got to finish this report by midnight. ^{我得在半夜前把报告写完。}
• You've got to see that new movie, it's amazing! ^{你一定要去看看那部新电影，太棒了！}
• We've got to leave now or we'll miss the train. ^{咱们得现在就走，不然要错过火车了。}

You left your bag.

参考《新一》第1课里还包的对话~
Whose bag is this? ^{这是谁的包？}
We should give it to the staff.  ^{我们应该把它交给工作人员。}
He must have forgotten it. ^{他肯定是忘了。}

leave something behind ^{把…落下 / 遗留某物}

• I think I left my umbrella on the bus. ^{我觉得我把雨伞落在公交车上了。}
• Don't leave your trash behind after the picnic. ^{野餐完别把垃圾留在后面。}
• Wait! You left your change on the counter. ^{等等！你把零钱落在柜台上了。}

Family Album, U.S.A. It's an album of pictures of the United States. Richard takes many pictures for his album. He photographs the cities like New York... and other special places. He photographs people working: police, ambulance drivers, steel workers, doctors.

Philip Stewart, Richard's father, is a doctor. He's a pediatrician, a children's doctor. And Richard's mother, Ellen Stewart, is a home maker. His brother Robbie, is a student of Riverdale High School. He's 17. Richard has one sister. Her name is Susan. She works for a toy company in New York City. Malcolm Stewart is Richard's grandfather. He's 72 years old and lives in Florida. And this is Richard's wife, Marilyn Stewart. She is a fashion designer and a sales clerk in a boutique in New York City. You'll meet Marilyn Stewart and all of the other Stewarts in Family Album, U.S.A.