Lesson 28 Patients and doctors病人与医生定语从句 表语从句 并列句

This is a sceptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs.

sceptical age ^{怀疑的时代(不能翻译成“可疑的...”； suspicious adj. 怀疑的，可疑的...)}

• This is a sceptical age where old beliefs are questioned. ^{这是一个怀疑一切的时代，旧的信仰受到质疑。}
• This is a critical age for challenging traditions. ^{这是一个批判传统的时代。}
• That was a traumatic age marked by war. ^{那是一个留下战争创伤的时代。}

faith ^{信心、信赖、信任...}

• Maybe we put too much faith in doctors and medicine. 
• All her life she had implicit faith in socialism.
• We have faith in modern medicine’s curative powers. ^{我们对现代医学的治疗能力有信心。}
• She had implicit faith in socialism all her life. ^{她一生对社会主义有绝对的信心。}
• Opinion polls show voters lost faith in the administration. ^{民调显示选民对政府失去了信心。}

 Relative Clauses 定语从句 ^{在正式书面语中，若关系代词做介词宾语，需将介词置于关系代词之前，非正式文体无此限制。}

Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended.

• The things in which our forefathers believed. ^{我们的祖先所相信的事物。}
• This is the house in which I lived for 10 years. ^{这是我住了十年的房子。}
• The poem of which she is speaking is famous. ^{她谈到的那首诗很有名。}

It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.
Many species can communicate an amazing^(A) amount of information via^(B) sound, information which^(C) both the life of an individual and the continued^(D) existence of the species may depend. ^{老托福语法改错题(on which)}

weaken ^{(vi. / vt.)to make sb/sth less strong or powerful; to become less strong or powerful （使）虚弱，衰弱；减弱；削弱}

• Our faith has weakened over time. ^{我们的信仰随着时间减弱了。}
• The storm began to abate by evening. ^{风暴到傍晚开始减弱。}
• Enthusiasm for the project started to ebb. ^{对项目的热情开始衰退。}

In an era of rapid change, while people’s faith in traditional institutions may falter, many still believe in the power of individual effort, and their confidence in technology’s ability to solve any crisis remains unshakable.^{在这个飞速变革的时代，尽管人们对传统制度的信仰可能在动摇，但许多人依然相信个人努力的力量，且他们对技术解决任何危机的信心依然不可撼动。}

property ^{n.[C, usually pl.] (formal) a quality or characteristic that sth has 性质；特性}

• The curative properties of medicine are trusted. ^{药物的治疗特性受到信任。}
• The plant has medicinal properties. ^{这种植物具有药用特性。}
• The material’s properties make it durable. ^{这种材料的特性使其耐用。}

This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise.

annual ^{adj. 每年的；一年一次的；年度的}

• The company's annual income has increased significantly this year. ^{公司今年的年度收入大幅增加。}
• The company holds an annual meeting. ^{公司每年举行一次会议。}
• The tree’s annual rings show its age. ^{树的年轮显示其年龄。}

service ^{n.(政府的)部门、机构}

• The Health Service faces rising costs. ^{卫生服务机构面临成本上升。}
• The Civil Service employs thousands. ^{公务员系统雇佣了数千人。}
• She joined the Diplomatic Service. ^{她加入了外交部门。}

mount to ^{vi.go up; ascend 增加到;(把硬盘)挂载上去}

• He mounted the steps to receive his award. ^上台领奖
• The drug bill is mounting to astronomical figures. ^{药品账单增加到天文数字。}
• The death toll mounted to 100. ^{死亡人数增加到100人。}

signs of  ^{...迹象;...的表现}

• I couldn’t see any signs of improvement.
• No signs of ceasing to rise in drug costs. ^{药品成本没有停止上升的迹象。}
• I saw no signs of improvement. ^{我没有看到改善的迹象。}

Our monthly telephone bill is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise.

The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements.

attend ^{v.出席/就诊}

• Patients attending outpatient departments seek remedies. ^{门诊部的就诊患者寻求治疗方法。}
• She attends college part-time. ^{她半工半读上大学(= go to college)。}
• Many attend hospital weekly. ^{许多人每周去医院就诊(强调功能用“零冠词”)。}
• They attend church on Sundays. ^{他们礼拜天上教堂。}

outpatient ^{门诊病人(out + patient)}

• Patients in the outpatient(s) department expect tangible remedies. ^{门诊部(OPD)的患者期待具体的治疗方法。}
• Inpatients stay overnight, unlike outpatients. ^{住院病人需过夜，不同于门诊病人。}
• The emergency room handles urgent cases. ^{急诊室处理紧急病例。}

receive ^{接受(receive + noun 受到…，得到…，遭到…)}

• The exhibition received much attention. ^{展览获得了很多关注。}
• She received a warm welcome at the monastery. ^{她在修道院受到热烈欢迎。}
• No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.
• This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie.

in the shape of ^以…形式

• A remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine. ^{以一瓶药形式出现的治疗方法。}
• Help came in the shape of a loan. ^{帮助以贷款的形式到来。}
• No proposals in any shape were received. ^{没有收到任何形式的提议。}
• Help came in the shape of a $10,000 loan from his parents. 
• We haven’t received proposals from him in any shape / form.
• There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.

too … to … ^{太…而不会}

• The doctor is only too ready to provide remedies. ^{医生非常乐于提供治疗方法。}
• I’m too pleased to help you. ^{我非常高兴帮助你。}
• He was too excited to speak / say a word. ^{他激动得说不出话。}

too … to …^{（包含以下4种类型的形容词的时候，表示）做某事非常... / 太 ...}

(only / all / but) too … to … ^{表示“做某事非常...”时，前面可加语气副词}

• It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong. 
• I’m only too pleased to help you.
• They're but too glad to do so.
• …, and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements.

Let it deceive them, then, a little longer; it cannot deceive them too much.  ^双城记
As for the time of attack, Hitler told his reluctant generals, ‘the start  cannot take place too early. It is to take place in all circumstances this autumn.’ ^{第三帝国的兴衰}

There is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.

method of doing sth. ^{做某事的方法}

• No quicker method of disposing of patients than giving remedies. ^{没有比给药更快的打发患者的方法。}
• The method of solving the issue was simple. ^{解决问题的方法很简单。}
• A new method of teaching was introduced. ^{引入了一种新的教学方法。}

dispose of ^打发走

• Disposing of patients by giving remedies is quick. ^{通过给药打发患者很快。}
• It took hours to get rid of him. ^{花了几个小时才把他打发走。}
• They disposed of the problem swiftly. ^{他们迅速处理了这个问题。}

状语从句省略 ^{Ellipsis in Adverbial Clauses 否定比较表最高级}

• No quicker method than by giving them what they want. ^{没有比给他们想要的东西更快的办法。}
• No quicker method than the method of disposing by giving remedies. ^{没有比通过给药打发更快的办法。}

There is no quicker method of disposing of an unwelcome guest than by repeatedly looking at the watch. ^{再也没有比频频地看表更快的打发一个不受欢迎的客人的方法了。}

medical ^{adj. 医学的；药的；内科的}

• medical staff / expenses / ethics 
• She is a medical student. ^{她是一名医学生。}
• Medical expenses are rising. ^{医疗费用正在上涨。}

over- ^{过分、过度… (复合形容词 Compound Adjectives)}

• Overworked doctors have little time for advice. ^{过度工作的医生几乎没有时间提供建议。}
• Time-consuming advice is rarely offered. ^{耗时的建议很少被提供。}
• The city is overcrowded during festivals. ^{节日期间城市过于拥挤。}

-consuming ^消耗的

• This is an energy-consuming process. ^{这是一个耗能的过程。}
• Manual data entry is a time-consuming process that can be easily automated. ^{手动数据输入是一个费时的过程，其实可以轻松实现自动化。}
• Old appliances are often more energy-consuming than modern, eco-friendly models. ^{旧电器通常比现代环保型号更加耗能。}
• Rice cultivation is a water-consuming agricultural activity.^{水稻种植是一项耗水的农业活动。}
• The large antique piano was beautiful but very space-consuming in the small studio.^{那架大型古董钢琴很漂亮，但在小工作室里非常占地方。}

Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.

ill-educated ^{复合形容词 Compound Adjectives ( ill- 过去分词 = badly adv. 不好地;修饰后面的动词 )}

• Not only the ill-educated trust in medicine. ^{不仅受教育不足的人相信药物。}
• Ill-treated animals need better care. ^{受虐待的动物需要更好的照顾。}
• His ill-mannered behavior was noticed. ^{他的无礼行为引人注目。}

nor ^否定语气

nor 单独放在句首、或放在肯定句的后面，此时不翻译为“也不”，只是加强否定语气；翻译为“绝不、一点也不”

• Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. ^{否定句后，翻译为“也不”}
• Nor is it only the ignorant who trust medicine. ^{前面没有否定，用于加强语气，翻译为：“绝不”}
• Haier is China's leading electric appliances manufacturer; nor is this an accident. ^{海尔引领家电行业，这绝非偶然。}

It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's.

Thomas Carlyle ^{托马斯·卡莱尔}

British historian and essayist whose major works include ‘The French Revolution’. ^{托马斯·卡莱尔撰写了《法国大革命》。}

• Carlyle was a prominent British historian. ^{卡莱尔是英国著名的历史学家。}
• His essays influenced many readers. ^{他的散文影响了许多读者。}

it is recounted / related of sb. that … ^据说…

• It is recounted of Confucius that he at one time desired a governmental position.
• It is related of Caesar that when speaking of the ease with which he subdued Egypt, he made use of the laconic saying, ‘I came, I saw, I conquered.’

go off / out to ^{动身去 ... (不强调方式)}

• Carlyle went off to visit Taylor. ^{卡莱尔动身去探望泰勒。}
• We go out to bars. We go out to some restaurants. We go to art openings at galleries. ^{我们一起去酒吧。有时也会一起去一些餐馆聚餐，或者去画廊看艺术展。}
• You decide to go off to medical school, become a doctor. ^{你决定去读医学院，将来成为一个医生。}
• The first virtue they possess is courage, the willingness to go off to a strange place. ^{他们有的第一个美德是勇气，心甘情愿去一个陌生的地方。}
• They set off on a journey at dawn. ^{他们在黎明时分出发旅行。}
• The Titanic started off across the Atlantic. ^{泰坦尼克号开始横渡大西洋。}

Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out.
It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment.

what remained of... ^{（主动）剩下的}

• What remained a bottle of medicine. ^{剩下的一瓶药。}
• Dogs ate what was left of the cake. ^{狗吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。}
• What remained of the supplies was scarce. ^{物资的剩余很少。}

prescribe sth. for sth(病). ^{为了治疗某个病而开出的药}

• Medicine prescribed for Mrs. Carlyle’s illness. ^{为卡莱尔夫人疾病开的药。}
• The doctor prescribed antibiotics for the infection. ^{医生为感染开了抗生素。}
• Tablets were prescribed for his condition. ^{为他的病情开了药片。}

Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry Taylor's house.

be ignorant of / about ... ^{对...一无所知（带有贬义的色彩，本来应该知道的，却...）}

Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, (Carlyle was entirely ignorant) of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and (Carlyle was entirely ignorant) of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine …

• In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers (live) by selling wisdom and priests (live) by selling spiritual comfort. ^{并列后以介词结尾的，介词要保留下来。}
• We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and (lay) more (stress) on a good memory, (lay more stress) on applied psychology, and (lay more stress) on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens.
• For in a university, science majors look down on humanities majors, foreign language majors (look down) on Chinese majors, Chinese majors (look down) on philosophy majors, philosophy majors (look down) on sociology majors, and sociology majors (look down) on education majors. Since education majors have no one to look down on, they can only despise the professors in their own department. ^{——‘Fortress besieged’ by Zhongshu Qian}
• She was ignorant about the risks involved. ^{她对相关风险一无所知。}
• He remained ignorant of the new rules. ^{他对新规则一无所知。}

work ^{v.to have a particular effect or result 有某种效果/起作用}

• The strategy is working effectively / seems to be working. ^{这个策略正在有效运作。}
• Criticizing your former employers works against you in the interview. ^反作用
• The system worked so well it was adopted globally. ^{该系统效果很好，被全球采纳。}
• The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.

be of + 名词 ^{描述人或事物的特征}

• be of equal = be equally beneficial ^课文替换
• Medicine would be of equal benefit in another illness. ^{药物在另一种疾病中会有同等效果。}
• It is of no use to argue now. ^{现在争论毫无用处。}
• He is of middle height. ^{他中等身高。}

of ^{在句子中做的成分}

The mayor’s inference that the new municipal golf course and resort hotel which worked so well to Ocean View’s economy in the past will surely be of equal benefit in the future rests on the poor assumption that during the past two years all the conditions upon which their effectiveness depends have remained unchanged.

History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did.

in all probability ^{很可能;十之八九}

• In all likelihood, it will rain later. ^{很可能会下雨。}
• In all sincerity, I appreciate your help. ^{我非常真诚地感谢你的帮助。}

John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family.

Dear Edward: I’ve gone back and forth the last few days trying to decide whether or not I should even  write this. In the end, I realized I would regret it if I didn’t. So, here goes. I know, the last time we saw each other, we weren’t exactly hitting the sweetest notes. It certainly wasn’t the way I wanted our trip to end. I suppose I’m responsible, and for that I’m sorry. But in all honesty, if I had the chance, I'd do it again.

Good afternoon. My name is Edward Cole. I do not know what most people say on these occasions, because in all honesty I've tried to avoid them.

The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, and that is what all patients demand of their doctors—to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.

make no demands on sb. beyond that of doing sth. ^{除了做某事之外，没有别的要求}

• I make no demands on you beyond that of studying hard.
• I make no demands on you beyond that of quitting smoking. 
• I make no demands on you beyond that of not nagging at me. 
• I make no demands beyond studying hard. ^{我除了努力学习外没有其他要求。}
• She makes no demands beyond quitting smoking. ^{她除了戒烟外没有其他要求。}

demand sth. of sb. ^{像某人要求某事}

• He demands little of others but a lot of himself.
• Patients demand of doctors a cure with no inconvenience. ^{患者要求医生提供无不便的治疗。}
• He demands little of others but much of himself. ^{他对别人要求少，对自己要求多。}
• Celestial navigation demands a fantastic map sense of animals. ^{天文导航要求动物有惊人的地图感。}

Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navigators use stars and planets, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense. ^{Gre阅读真题}

at one's convenience ^{在某人方便的时候}

• Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting? ^{你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面？}
• Please reply to me at your earliest convenience.^{请在您方便时给我们答复。}
• I hope that you can reply to my letter at your convenience. ^{我希望你方便时能够给我回信。}