Lesson 47 The great escape 【单词列表】

paradox ^{n. 1. person, thing or situation displaying contradictory features 矛盾的人、事物或情况}

• He was a paradox―a loner who loved to chat to strangers.
• It is a curious paradox that professional comedians often have unhappy personal lives.

paradox ^{n. 2. statement that seems to be absurd or contradictory but is or may be true 似非而是的话，看似矛盾而实际（或可能）正确的说法}

• 'More haste, less speed' is a well-known paradox.
• The learning paradox is at the heart of "productive failure". ^{学习悖论是“生产性故障”的核心。}

paradoxical ^{adj. 矛盾的；似非而是的}

• Some sedatives produce the paradoxical effect of making the person more anxious.
• It is paradoxical that if you drink a cup of hot tea it seems to cool you down.

specious ^{adj. seeming to be true or correct, but actually false 似是而非的}

• At first glance, it sounds logical, but it is actually a specious argument designed to deceive. ^{乍一看听起来逻辑通顺，但其实是旨在误导人的似是而非的论点。}
• The politician’s specious reasoning failed to convince the skeptical audience. ^{那位政客似是而非的推理未能说服持怀疑态度的听众。}
• The beauty of the proposal was specious, hiding several major flaws. ^{该提议的华丽外表是虚假的，掩盖了几个主要的缺陷。}

“dox” / “dogma” = opinion ^{观点、看法}

• paradox ^{“para” = contrary to n. 矛盾的人、事物或情况；似非而是的话}
• paradoxical ^{adj. 矛盾的；似非而是的}
• orthodox ^{“ortho” = right adj. 正统的，传统的，被普遍接受的}
• dogma ^{n. 教义，教理，教条，信条}
• dogmatic ^{adj. 教条的，教义的；武断的，自以为是的}
• dogmatism ^{n. 教条主义，武断}

cynic ^{n. person who believes that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage 愤世嫉俗者}

• Don't be such a cynic!
• Even hardened cynics believe the meeting is a step towards peace.

cynical ^{adj. unwilling to believe that people have good, honest, or sincere reasons for doing sth.愤世嫉俗的}

• a cynical view of human nature cynical about
• The public is cynical about election promises.

cynicism ^{n. [U] cynical attitude 愤世嫉俗(的态度)}

• In a world full of cynicism she was the one person I felt I could trust. ^{在这个人人都互相猜忌的世界里，只有她一个我认为是可以信赖的。}
• In an era of growing cynicism about politicians, Mr. Mandela is a model of dignity and integrity. ^{在一个对政治家越来越不信任的时代，曼德拉先生是高尚和正直的榜样。}
• Three manners should be avoided: laziness brutehood and cynicism. ^{三种做法必须避免：懒惰、野蛮和嘲讽。}
• Has both terseness and cynicism. ^{既有简洁，又有玩世不恭。}

affluent ^{adj. (fml.) having a lot of money and a good standard of living 富有的，富裕的}

• Children from affluent families often have access to better educational resources. ^{来自富裕家庭的孩子通常能获得更好的教育资源。}
• The consumption patterns in affluent Western countries significantly impact the global environment. ^{富裕西方国家的消费模式对全球环境有显著影响。}
• The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. ^{《富足社会》是一部现代经典著作，因为它帮助定义了人类处境的一个新时刻。}

affluence ^{n. [U] (fml.) 富有，富裕}

• The 1950s were an age of affluence in America. 
• Despite their affluence, the couple lived a very modest and simple life. ^{尽管生活富裕，这对夫妇过着非常谦逊简朴的生活。}

表“穷”的词汇

entail ^{v. if one thing entails another, it involves it or causes it 需要，带来}

• That will entail an early start tomorrow morning.
• It will entail driving a long distance every day.
• All mergers entail some job losses.
• Such a decision would entail a huge political risk.
• The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails.

entail sb. doing sth. ^{牵涉到某人做某事；使某人必须做某事}

• I’ll never accept parole because that entails me accepting guilt.
• The restructuring of the department will entail some staff working longer hours. ^{部门重组将使部分员工不得不延长工作时间。}
• I didn't realize that my promotion would entail my moving to another city. ^{我没意识到我的晋升会意味着我必须搬到另一个城市。}
• The simple procedure entails no patients staying overnight in the hospital. ^{这个简单的手术不需要任何病人留在医院过夜。}

But can we blame those who looked and failed to see what Galileo saw, if we remember that to use a telescope at the limit of its powers calls for long experience and intimate familiarity with one's instrument?

necessitate sth. ^{使…成为必要；迫使；需要}

• Recent budget cuts necessitated a complete rethink of our marketing strategy. ^{最近的预算削减使得我们不得不彻底反思营销策略。}
• A prolonged drought necessitated the introduction of water rationing.

It takes sth. to do sth. ^{做某事需要…（强调付出努力、时间、勇气等特质）}

• It takes great courage to admit when you are wrong. ^{承认错误需要巨大的勇气。}
• It takes stamina to be a long-distance runner.
• It takes a lot of patience to look after a disabled child. 

insular ^{adj. 1. of an island 岛的，岛上的}

• Because of its geography, the region has an insular climate with mild temperatures year-round. ^{由于地理位置的原因，该地区具有全年气候温和的岛屿气候。}
• The villagers lead an insular way of life, rarely interacting with the outside world. ^{村民们过着一种与世隔绝的生活，很少与外界往来。}

insular ^{adj. 2. (disapproving) only interested in your own country, ideas, etc. and not in those from outside 偏狭的思想狭隘的；守旧的（喻义扩展）}

• His insular attitude makes him unwilling to consider any ideas that aren't his own. ^{他那狭隘的态度使他不愿考虑任何非他自己的想法。}
• The British are often accused of being insular.

insularity ^{n. 岛国性质或状态；偏狭;与世隔绝；思想狭隘}

• The insularity of the community has preserved its unique traditions for centuries. ^{该社区的封闭性使其独特的传统得以延续数百年。}
• Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand.^{他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。}
• But not as hard as getting the profession to eschew its natural insularity. ^{但是，再难也没有让这个职业科避开其自然的偏狭那样难。}

“insul” / “isl” / “isol” = island ^岛

• insular ^{adj. 岛的，岛上的；偏狭的}
• insularity ^{n. 岛国性质或状态；偏狭}
• insulate ^{v. 使隔绝，使绝缘}
• insulation ^{n. 隔绝，绝缘}
• insulator ^{n. 绝缘体}
• peninsula ^{“pen” = almost n. 半岛}
• island ^{n. 岛}
• isle ^{n. 岛}
• islet ^{“et” = little n.  小岛}
• isolate ^{v. 使孤立，使隔离}
• isolation ^{n. 孤立，隔离}

cosmopolitan ^{adj. containing people from all over the world 世界性的，国际性的，有各国人的}

• the cosmopolitan gatherings at the United Nations Assembly ^{联合国国际大会}
• New York has always been a cosmopolitan city, attracting people from every corner of the globe. ^{纽约一直是一座国际化大都市，吸引着来自世界角落的人们。}
• The university’s cosmopolitan club aims to promote understanding between students of different nationalities. ^{大学的世界主义俱乐部旨在增进不同国籍学生之间的理解。}
• Studying abroad helped her develop a more cosmopolitan outlook on life. ^{出国留学帮助她形成了更具全球视野的人生观。}

cosmopolis ^{n. large city inhabited by people from many different countries 国际性大都市;世界性城市；国际都市（强调人口与文化的多元融合）}

• Ancient Alexandria was a true cosmopolis, where Greek, Egyptian, and Jewish cultures intertwined. ^{古代亚历山大港是一个真正的世界性城市，希腊、埃及和犹太文化在这里交织。}

metropolitan ^{adj. relating or belonging to a very large city 大城市的，大都会的;大都市的；首府的（常用于描述行政、交通或地区范围）}

• The metropolitan area has a highly efficient public transport system. ^{这个大都市区拥有非常高效的公共交通系统。}
• Fist, the earthquake would shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. ^{首先，地震将波及包括西雅图和波特兰在内的大都会地区。}
• None of the chain's stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed. ^{这家连锁店在华盛顿市区的所有分店都不会关闭。}

metropolis ^{n. 大城市，大都会;}

• Tokyo is a vast metropolis that never seems to sleep. ^{东京是一个似乎永不眠的庞大都市。}
• Gratuity is customary in this money-mad metropolis. ^{在这个金钱至上的大都市里，给小费是司空见惯的。}
• Shanghai is a bustling metropolis, highly cosmopolitan. ^{上海是个包罗万象的大都市。}

“polis” / “polit” = city ^城市

• cosmopolis ^{“cosmo” = world n. 国际性大都市}
• cosmopolitan ^{adj. 世界性的，国际性的，有各国人的}
• metropolis ^{“metro” = mother n. 大城市，大都会}
• metropolitan ^{adj. 大城市的，大都会的}
• acropolis ^{“acro” = high n.（古希腊城市的）卫城（多位于山丘之上）}
• megalopolis ^{“megalo” = great n. 大都会区，城市集群}
• megalopolitan ^{adj. 大都会区的，城市集群的}
• necropolis ^{“necro” = death n. 大型墓地}

itinerant ^{n. an itinerant is someone whose way of life involves travelling around, usually someone who is poor and homeless 巡回者，四处游荡者}

• The city provides shelters for homeless itinerants during the harsh winter months. ^{城市在严冬月份为无家可归的流浪者提供避难所。}
• As an itinerant musician, he traveled from town to town with just his guitar. ^{作为一名巡回音乐家，他只带着一把吉他穿梭于各个城镇之间。}
• The most difficult people to count are the poor, the homeless, the itinerant and those in overcrowded buildings. ^{最难统计的人是穷人，无家可归者、游历人士和住在过度拥挤的大楼里的人。}

itinerant ^{adj. from place to place, esp. to work 巡回的，流动的，四处游荡的}

• itinerant workers / musicians to lead
• an itinerant life
• The farms rely heavily on itinerant workers during the harvest season. ^{农场在收获季节严重依赖流动工人。}

itinerary ^{n. a plan or list of the places you will visit on a journey 行程，旅行计划}

• Visits to four different countries are included in your itinerary.
• We need to finalize our itinerary before we book the flights. ^{我们在订机票之前需要确定行程安排。}

“it” = to go ^走、去

• itinerant ^{n. 巡回者，四处游荡者；adj. 巡回的，流动的，四处游荡的}
• itinerary ^{n. 行程，旅行计划}
• initial ^{“in” = into adj. 最初的；n. 姓名首字母；v. 签姓名首字母}
• initiate ^{v. 发起，创始；接纳…为新成员}
• initiation ^{n. 发起，创始；入会}
• initiator ^{n. 发起人，创始者}
• initiative ^{n. 积极性，主动性；主动权}
• circuit ^{“circu” = round n. 环行线，周线；电路}
• circuitous ^{adj. 迂回的，曲折的}
• transit ^{“trans” = across n. 运输}
• transition ^{n. 过渡}
• transitional ^{adj. 过渡性的}

alienate ^{v. to do sth. that makes sb. unfriendly or unwilling to support you 使不友好，使疏远， 使反目}

• The latest tax proposals will alienate many voters.
• The government cannot afford to alienate either group.

alienated ^{adj. feeling that you do not belong in a particular society, place, or group 疏远的，疏离的}

• Many single parents feel alienated from society. ^{与社会脱节}
• Gina had become increasingly alienated from her family. ^{远离原生家庭}

alienation ^{n. [U] the feeling of not being part of society or a group 疏远，疏离（的状态）}

• Unemployment may provoke a sense of alienation from society. 
• The modern urban environment can often lead to a sense of alienation and loneliness. ^{现代城市环境往往会导致一种疏离感和孤独感。}

“ali” = other ^{其它的；别的；另外的}

• alias ^{n. 别名，化名，假名}
• alibi ^{“bi” = place n. 某人不在犯罪现场的申辩或证明}
• alien ^{n. 外国人，外星人；adj. 外国的，外星的，陌生的，格格不入的}
• alienate ^{v. 使不友好，使疏远，使反目}
• alienated ^{adj. 疏远的，疏离的}
• alienation ^{n. 疏远，疏离}
• alienable ^{adj. 可转让的，可让渡的}
• unalienable ^{“un” = not adj. 不可剥夺的}

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. ^{― Thomas Jefferson}