Lesson 46 Hobbies业余爱好形式主语 并列句

Winston Churchill^(1874~1965) 

British politician and Prime Minister, widely regarded as the greatest British leader of the 20th century.
His courage, decisiveness, political experience and enormous vitality enabled him to lead the country through the Second World War.
Churchill was also known for the many books on British history and politics he wrote throughout his life.
His command of the English language not only made him a great orator but earned him the Nobel Prize for literature in 1953.

A gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.'

catch hold of … ^{抓住；握住}

• I managed to catch hold of the railing just before I fell. ^{就在摔倒前，我设法抓住了栏杆。}
• Catch hold of this rope when I throw it to you. ^{我把绳子扔给你时，抓住它。}
• Are you beginning to catch hold of our methods now? ^{现在你对我们的办法有所了解了吗？}
• When the news broke, the public's attention quickly caught hold of something sensational.^{当新闻爆出时，公众的注意力迅速抓住了轰动性的东西。}

get hold of ^{find sb. or obtain sth. 得到；联系上；理解}

• Where can I get hold of some stamps?
• Could you tell me how I can get hold of a doctor?
• It’s hard to get hold of fresh produce in this remote mountain village. ^{在这个偏远的村庄很难买到新鲜蔬菜。}

 let … go = release ^{释放；放开；解雇}

• Please release me, let me go. For I don't love you anymore.
• To waste our lives would be a sin. Release me and let me love again.
• After questioning the suspect for hours, the police decided to let him go. ^{在审问了嫌疑人几个小时后，警察决定放他走。}
• She became obsessed with the minor mistake and would not let it go for the rest of the day.^{她对这个小错误变得痴迷，一整天都不肯罢休。}

It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition.

It is useless to do / doing … ^{做……是没有用的}

• It is useless to argue with someone who refuses to listen to reason. ^{与不讲理的人争论是没有用的。}
• It is useless to speculate why he did it. ^{对他为什么这么做妄加猜测毫无用处。}
• It is useless to fight with him. ^{和他抵抗是没有用的。}
• It is useless to flog a dead horse. ^{鞭死马无益；勿旧调重弹。}
• When someone is emotionally overwhelmed, it is useless to argue with them logically.^{当某人情绪激动时，与他们进行逻辑争论是徒劳的。}

The stronger the will, the more futile the task.^{意志越强，任务越徒劳}

The stronger the will is, the more futile the task will be. ^补全谓语

• The stronger the will, the more futile the task of trying to force a change in opinion through sheer force.^{试图通过纯粹的力量来强行改变意见，意志越强，任务越徒劳。}
• The paradox of grief is that the stronger the will, the more futile the task of suppressing the memories.^{悲伤的悖论在于，意志越强，压抑记忆的任务就越徒劳。}

One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp.

insinuate A into B ^{使A巧妙地进入B；使A潜入B}

• The spy managed to insinuate himself into the enemy's organization by using a false identity. ^{那个间谍通过使用假身份，设法混入了敌方组织。}
• The therapist advised the patient to gently insinuate something else into their thoughts to distract from the anxiety.^{治疗师建议患者温和地将别的东西悄悄引入他们的思绪中，以分散对焦虑的注意力。}
• He tried to insinuate himself into the boss's favor. ^{他设法巧妙地渐渐取得老板的欢心。}

And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.

并列的2个条件状语从句

attend ^{v.出席，参加；注意，专心；处理，照料；致力于}

• All department heads are required to attend the meeting scheduled for tomorrow morning. ^{所有部门负责人必须参加定于明天上午举行的会议。}
• She plans to attend college in the fall to study architectural design. ^{她计划秋季入学上大学，攻读建筑设计专业。}
• She is attended by a 24-hour nursing staff. 

attend ^{v.随同，陪同；伴随……而至，（作为结果）伴随}

• The queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting.
• The occasion was attended by an air of sadness.
• The difficult problem in physics was finally solved, attended by the illumination of another field of interest, specifically, advanced mathematics.^{这个困难的物理问题最终得到解决，伴随着另一个兴趣领域，特别是高等数学的启发。}

双 if 条件状语主句

The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man.

cultivation ^{耕作；培养；教养}

• The cultivation of organic vegetables requires a lot of patience and specific knowledge. ^{有机蔬菜的耕作需要大量的耐心和专业知识。}
• Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa is hundreds of years old.^{历史学家保罗·洛夫乔伊提到，在西非，可乐果已有数百年的种植历史。}
• The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown. ^{随着人口密度的增长，农作物的种植已经扩展到了越来越干旱的地区。}

cultivate ^{v.(衍生出)培养}

• Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate. ^{许多公司都致力于培养和谐的关系。} 
• We must cultivate compassion for ourselves, for others and for our survival. ^{我们必须为了自己，他人及我们的生存去培养怜悯之心。} 
• The word "culture" comes from the Latin "colere", which literally means "to cultivate". ^{“文化”这个词来自拉丁语“colere”，字面意思是“培养”。}
• We encourage the cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest to prevent professional burnout.^{我们鼓励培养爱好和新形式的兴趣，以防止职业倦怠。}

policy ^{n.(处事) 原则，策略；做法}

• Honesty is the best policy.
• We are not about to change our editorial policy. 我们不打算改变我们的社论方针。

importance ^{n.重要，重要性；傲慢；名望}

• This is a mission of importance.
• The discovery of this document is of great historical importance. ^{这一文件的发现具有重大的历史重要性。}
• This is a matter of the utmost importance. ^{这是个极其重要的问题。}

But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will.

swiftly improvised ^{迅速地即兴创造/仓促地应付}

• The value of any financial asset can change swiftly. ^{任何金融资产的价值都会迅速发生变化。}
• However, some actors can improvise. ^{而且有的演员还会即兴发挥。}
• The unexpected presentation had to be swiftly improvised due to a last-minute change in the agenda.^{由于议程的临时变动，这份意料之外的演示不得不迅速地即兴创造。}

The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process.

alternative ^{adj. different from the one you have and can be used instead 其他的，另外的}

• Have you any alternative suggestions?
• After retiring, he developed alternative mental interests, such as learning philosophy and painting. ^{退休后，他培养了其他的精神寄托，比如学习哲学和绘画。}
• For retired professionals, the growth of alternative mental interests is key to maintaining cognitive health.^{对于退休专业人士来说，替代性心智兴趣的成长是保持认知健康的关键。}

The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.

at hand ^{触手可得;近在手边}

• I always keep a dictionary close at hand. ^随时可用
• The signature must be given by hand. ^用手
• The work is in hand, and will soon be completed. ^{正在进行中}
• They are always on hand whenever you need them. ^{有空，有时间}
• I can’t remember his phone number off hand. ^{立即；一时之间}

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real.

to be + adj. ^{做目的状语}

• He exercises every day to be healthy. ^{他每天锻炼是为了（保持）身体健康。}
• To be really happy and really safe in the digital age, understanding cybersecurity is crucial.^{要在数字时代真正快乐和真正安全，了解网络安全至关重要。}
• Check the flight status again to be sure of the departure time. ^{再次检查航班状态，以确保起飞时间无误。}
• We arrived at the theater early to be ready for the opening act. ^{我们早早到达剧院，以便为开场演出做好准备。}
• Companies must innovate to be competitive in the global market. ^{企业必须创新，以便在全球市场中保持竞争力。}
• To be brief, the project was a total success. ^{简单地说，这个项目非常成功。}

It is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.'

it is no use doing ^{…是没有用的}

• It’s no use crying over spilt milk. ^覆水难收
• When planning for retirement, it is no use starting late in life to say you will save enough money.^{在规划退休时，在晚年开始说你会存够钱是没有用的。}

take an interest in =  be interested in … ^{对…产生兴趣;开始关注}

• Recently, many young people have started to take an interest in traditional crafts. ^{最近，许多年轻人开始对传统手工艺产生兴趣。}
• It is encouraging to see young people take an interest in local politics and community service.^{看到年轻人对地方政治和社区服务产生兴趣是令人鼓舞的。}

Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort.

strain ^{stress / tension / pressure n.压力}

• The long hours of computer work put a severe strain on his eyes. ^{长时间的电脑工作给他的眼睛带来了严重的负担。}
• When you are already exhausted, such an attempt only aggravates the strain and leads to burnout.^{当你已经筋疲力尽时，这样的尝试只会加重负担，并导致倦怠。}
• Taking regular breaks is vital for reducing the strain of mental effort during long work sessions.^{定期休息对于减少长时间工作期间的精神努力负担至关重要。}

A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief.

relief ^{n.宽慰，减轻，缓解}

• The booklet contains information on pain relief during labour. ^{这本小册子介绍了减轻分娩疼痛的知识。}
• Relief workers are still searching through collapsed buildings. ^{救援人员仍在塌了的建筑物里搜寻。}
• A shortage of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief. ^{资金短缺使得联合国无法监督救济工作。}
• Despite the minor adjustments, the team still got hardly any benefit or relief from the excessive workload.^{尽管做了微小的调整，团队仍然几乎得不到任何益处或解脱于过重的工作量。}

It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.

Antimetabole ^{回环 / 倒复}

• Eat to live, not live to eat. ^{— Socrates}
• Forty is the old age of youth, fifty is the youth of old age. ^{— Victor Hugo}
• Where there is marriage without love, there will be love without marriage. ^{— Benjamin Franklin}
• The reasonable man adapts himself to the world, the unreasonable man persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man. ^{— G. B. Shaw}
• So let us begin anew —remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. ^{— John F. Kennedy}
• And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. ^{— John F. Kennedy}

Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.

broadly ^{adv. generally 大体上；概括地说}

• Broadly speaking, there are two main schools of thought on this issue. ^{总的来说，关于这个问题主要有两种流派。}
• Generally speaking, people are more likely to succeed if they stay consistent. ^{通常而言，如果人们能保持一致，就更容易成功。}
• Broadly speaking, the new legislation aims to improve both environmental and public health standards.^{广义上讲，这项新立法旨在改善环境和公共卫生标准。}

状语主语无需与主语一致的情况^{(习语；宏观与旁观...)}

• Strictly speaking, the whale isn’t a fish.
• Judging from his face, he must be ill.
• To make a long story short, he wanted money, and tried to get it without working.
• But as they are about to return, an unprecedented storm descends on the area and blocks their way home.
• To make things worse something unexpected happens.

toil ^{v. to work very hard for a long period of time 长期辛苦工作，苦干}

• Farm laborers have to toil in the fields all day.
• He was toiled to death.
• I have nothing to offer, but blood, toil, tears and sweat.

Broadly speaking, leaders may be divided into two classes: those who are created by demands placed upon them, and those who are ‘self-created’ through hard work and achievements. Fortune’s favored children belong to the former, whereas the latter, I believe, are the majority. ^{GRE写作范文（分类句型）}

It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon.

be tired out / exhausted ^{精疲力竭；筋疲力尽}

• By the end of the marathon, the runners were completely tired out. ^{马拉松结束时，跑步者们都已精疲力竭。}
• After working in the fields all day, he was physically exhausted and fell asleep immediately. ^{在田里干了一整天活后，他体力耗尽，立刻睡着了。}
• Preparing for the final exams left the students mentally exhausted. ^{准备期末考试让学生们感到心力交瘁。}

offer sb. sth. / sth. to sb. ^{向某人提供某物/ 把某物提供给某人}

• The company decided to offer him the job because of his impressive experience. ^{因为他出色的经验，公司决定向他提供这份工作。}
• She offered some coffee to the guests as soon as they arrived. ^{客人们一到，她就给他们端上了咖啡。}

It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.

working or worrying about ^{正在工作或担心（动名词形式） to work or worry about 去工作或担心（不定式形式）}

• The habit of working or worrying about tasks late at night can lead to insomnia. ^{深夜工作或担心任务的习惯会导致失眠。}
• You need to find time to relax instead of continuing to work or worry about your career. ^{你需要找时间放松，而不是继续为事业工作或操心。}
• The executive needed to disconnect entirely, not work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.^{这位高管需要完全脱离工作，而不是在周末工作或担心琐碎的事情。}

As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.

command ^{v. 掌管，掌握}

• command great wealth
• command a large vocabulary

gratify ^{v. satisfy 使满意；使高兴；满足（愿望等）}

• It gratified him to see his students succeed in their careers. ^{看到学生们在事业上取得成功让他感到很欣慰。}
• The new product was designed to satisfy the needs of professional photographers. ^{这款新产品旨在满足专业摄影师的需求。}

get / lay one’s hands on sth. ^{obtain sth. 得到某物}

• I would read any book I could get / lay my hands on.
• I’ve been trying to get my hands on a copy of that rare book for years. ^{多年来我一直试图弄到那本稀有书籍。}
• I know the contract is in this office somewhere, but I can't lay my hands on it right now. ^{我知道合同就在这个办公室的某个地方，但我现在找不着。}

get / lay one’s hands on sb. ^{to catch sb. you are angry with 抓住惹你生气的人}

• Just wait till I get / lay my hands on you!
• Wait until I get my hands on him; he will have to explain where he went. ^{等我捉住他，他必须解释清楚去哪儿了。}
• He warned the bully never to lay his hands on his younger brother again. ^{他警告那个恶霸再也不准碰他弟弟一下。}

In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion.

in vain ^{without success in spite of your efforts 徒劳地/白费力气地}

• Obviously all her complaints were in vain.
• Police searched in vain for the missing boy. 
• They searched for the lost keys for hours, but their efforts were in vain.^{他们找了丢失的钥匙好几个小时，但他们的努力是徒劳的。}

For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.

discipline in  ^{在…方面的(自律/学科)}

• Success in long-distance running requires great discipline in training and diet. ^{长跑的成功需要在训练和饮食方面的高度自律。}
• Successful artists understand that discipline in one form or another is essential for consistent creative output.^{成功的艺术家明白，某种形式的纪律对于持续的创造性产出至关重要。}
• The teacher can't keep discipline in her classroom. ^{这位教师无法维持她的课堂纪律。}

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first,those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly those whose work and pleasure are one.

It may also be said ... ^{也可以这样说;也可以说；同样可以说}

• It may also be said that true success is measured by happiness, not just wealth. ^{也可以说，真正的成功是以幸福来衡量的，而不不仅仅是财富。}
• It may also be a good move to suggest she talks things over. ^{建议她仔细讨论一下这些事情可能也是一个好的做法。}
• It may also depend on your relationship with the other person. ^{这也可能取决于你和对方的关系。}

Of these the former are the majority.

the majority ^大多数

• The majority of the population is Protestant. ^{这里的人大多数都信奉新教。}
• The majority of men have hair on their chest. ^{大多数男人长有胸毛。}
• The majority of the time, I brown-bagged my lunch. ^{大多数时间，我都是自带午餐。}

be (in) the majority ^{...是大多数}

• Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still (in) the majority.
• Of course, the former are (in) the majority. ^{本句的简单表达}

They have their compensations.

They have their compensations for their hard work. ^补充说明

compensation ^{补偿，弥补}

• The low salary is a heavy burden, but the interesting work serves as a good compensation. ^{工资低是一个沉重的负担，但有趣的工作是一种很好的补偿。}
• They were offered financial compensation for the inconvenience. ^{他们获得了因不便而提供的经济补偿。}
• Hard work often comes with a great sense of achievement as a compensation. ^{努力工作往往伴随着一种巨大的成就感作为回报。}

The long hours in the office or the factory bring  with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms.

bring with them ^带来

• Changes often bring with them new challenges. ^{变化常常带来新的挑战。}
• The new policy brings with it both benefits and risks. ^{新政策带来了益处和风险。}
• Difficult times often bring with them opportunities for growth. ^{困难时期常常带来成长的机会。}

means of sustenance ^{生计手段，维持生计的方式}

• Farming was traditionally the primary means of sustenance for the village. ^{农业传统上是这个村庄主要的生计手段。}
• Finding a stable means of sustenance is a priority for many people. ^{找到稳定的生计手段是许多人的首要任务。}
• She relies on her writing as her main means of sustenance. ^{她依靠写作作为她的主要生计手段。}

But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class.

favour / favor ^{vt. 喜爱偏爱 = prefer}

• She favors her youngest child.
• The father tried not to favour one child over the other. ^{这位父亲尽量不偏爱其中任何一个孩子。}

Fortune’s favored children ^{天之骄子;命运的宠儿}

• As a Nobel laureate, she is considered one of Fortune's favoured children in the scientific community. ^{作为诺贝尔奖获得者，她在科学界被认为是命运的宠儿之一。}
• He seems to be one of Fortune's favoured children; everything goes well for him. ^{他似乎是命运的宠儿之一；一切对他都很顺利。}
• Not everyone can be Fortune's favoured children; most people have to work hard for success. ^{不是每个人都能成为命运的宠儿；大多数人必须为成功努力工作。}

Their life is a natural harmony.

harmony ^{和谐，融洽}

• The colors in the painting work in perfect harmony. ^{这幅画中的颜色完美和谐。}
• The group is working in complete harmony on the project. ^{这个小组在项目上完全和谐地工作着。}
• They strive to live in harmony with nature. ^{他们努力与自然和谐相处。}

For them the working hours are never long enough. 

long enough ^足够长

• The break was not long enough for everyone to relax completely. ^{休息时间不够长，不能让每个人都完全放松。}
• Make sure the rope is long enough to reach the ground. ^{确保绳子足够长，能到达地面。}
• The meeting lasted long enough for all issues to be discussed. ^{会议持续了足够长的时间，讨论了所有问题。}

Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation.

be grudged as sth. ^{被当做…而耿耿于怀，拒绝接受}

• He is spending his precious vacation in a country retreat and any visit now will be grudged as disturbance to his privacy.
• He grudged the time he had to spend on administrative tasks. ^{他舍不得花在行政工作上的时间。}
• They secretly grudged her success and happiness. ^{他们暗自嫉妒她的成功和幸福。}
• I don't grudge him his promotion; he truly deserves it. ^{我不嫉妒他的升职；他确实应得的。}

enforce ^{v. 强迫人们服从，执行}

• The main role of the police is to uphold and enforce the law.
• In practical terms this law may be difficult to enforce. ^{从实际的角度来看，这项法律可能难以执行。}
• It's not yet clear who will actually enforce the blockade. ^{目前还不清楚到底谁会来执行封锁。}

enforced ^{adj. 被迫的，自己无法控制的}

• enforced absence
• enforced isolation
• The strict security measures were enforced after the incident. ^{事件发生后，严格的安全措施被强制执行。}
• We had to take an enforced detour due to the road closure. ^{由于道路封闭，我们不得不进行一次被迫的绕行。}
• The government imposed an enforced period of quarantine. ^{政府实施了一段强制隔离期。}

absorbing ^{引人入胜的，极有趣的}

• The lecture was so absorbing that no one looked at their phone. ^{讲座如此引人入胜，没有人看手机。}
• She and Ned sat silently for a moment, absorbing the peace of the lake. ^{她和内德默默地坐了片刻，享受着那湖泊的宁静。}
• It became the absorbing topic of village talk immediately. ^{这立刻成为全镇人谈论的热门话题。}

vocation ^{职业，使命（认为特别适合自己的）圣职；天职；使命感}

• Teaching is not just a job for her, but a true vocation. ^{对她来说，教学不仅仅是一份工作，而是一个真正的使命。}
• Nursing is more than just a job to her; it is a vocation. ^{护理对他而言不仅仅是一份工作，更是一种天职。}

Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.

diversion ^{n. change in the direction or use of sth. 改变（方向或用途）}

• the diversion of a ship
• the diversion of a stream
• This would result in massive diversion of funds.

alternative outlook ^{另一种观点/看法}

• We should always be open to considering an alternative outlook on a situation. ^{我们应该始终对考虑一个情况的另一种观点保持开放态度。}
• Seeking an alternative outlook can lead to better solutions. ^{寻求另一种观点可以带来更好的解决方案。}
• The debate presented two contrasting and alternative outlooks. ^{这场辩论提出了两种对比鲜明的替代观点。}

diversion of effort ^{精力的转移}

• A hobby can provide a necessary diversion of effort from stressful work. ^{一个爱好可以提供从压力大的工作中必要的精力转移。}
• He found fishing to be a beneficial diversion of effort. ^{他发现钓鱼是一种有益的精力转移。}
• The crisis required a complete diversion of effort toward relief operations. ^{这场危机要求将全部精力转移到救援行动上。}

Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

it may well be that ^{很可能，很可能是}

• It may well be that the meeting will be postponed due to the weather. ^{很可能是因为天气原因会议会被推迟。}
• It may well be that the old building contains some valuable historical documents. ^{很可能那座老建筑里藏有一些有价值的历史文件。}
• Considering the evidence, it may well be that the suspect is innocent. ^{考虑到证据，嫌疑人很可能是无辜的。}

Indeed, it may well be that those who … are those who most need … at intervals … ^实用句型

• Indeed, it may well be that those who hardly see a doctor are those who most need take time off from their work at intervals to have a thorough checkup. ^{其实，很可能那些平时几乎不看病的人最需要每隔一段时间从工作中抽空做一次全面的体检。}

banish from ^{驱逐出，排除出}

• Try to banish negative thoughts from your mind before you sleep. ^{在睡觉前试着将负面想法从你的脑海中排除。}
• The general managed to banish the invaders from the country. ^{将军设法将入侵者从国家驱逐出境。}
• He tried to banish the memory of the accident from his consciousness. ^{他试图将事故的记忆从他的意识中排除。}