Lesson 33 Education教育

Education is one of the key words of our time.

key words ^{关键词/核心概念}

• Education is one of the key words of our time.^{教育是我们这个时代的关键词之一。}
• Freedom of speech is a key word in democratic societies.^{言论自由是民主社会的一个关键词。}
• "Sustainability" has become a key word in development debates.^{“可持续性”已成为发展辩论中的一个关键词。}

A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities.

deprived of ^{被剥夺了/缺乏}

• They were deprived of basic human rights.^{他们被剥夺了基本人权。}
• A man without an education is deprived of one of the greatest opportunities.^{一个没有受过教育的人被剥夺了最伟大的机会之一。}
• The lack of funding means the program will be deprived of essential resources.^{资金的缺乏意味着该项目将被剥夺基本资源。}

Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders.

convinced of... ^{坚信…/确信…}

• The jury was convinced of his guilt.^{陪审团确信他有罪。}
• Convinced of the importance of education, modern states invest in institutions of learning.^{现代国家坚信教育的重要性，投资于教育机构。}
• I am convinced of her ability to handle the job.^{我确信她有能力胜任这份工作。}

invest in... ^投资于…

• The company decided to invest heavily in renewable energy.^{公司决定大力投资于可再生能源。}
• Modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning.^{现代国家“投资”于学习机构。}

Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks -- those purchasable wells of wisdom - what would civilization be like without its benefits?

cycles of instruction ^{教学周期/教学循环}

• The curriculum is organized into four distinct cycles of instruction.^{课程被组织成四个不同的教学周期。}
• Education has its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out.^{教育有其精心设计的教学周期。}

punctuated by... ^{被…打断/点缀/标出}

• His speech was punctuated by bursts of applause.^{他的演讲不时被一阵阵掌声打断。}
• The silence was punctuated by a distant gunshot.^{寂静被一声远处的枪声打断。}
• Education's cycle is punctuated by textbooks.^{教育的周期由教科书来“点缀”（或“标明阶段”）。}

wells of wisdom ^{智慧的源泉/智慧的宝库}

• The philosopher's writings are a profound well of wisdom.^{这位哲学家的著作是深奥的智慧源泉。}
• Textbooks are described as those purchasable wells of wisdom.^{教科书被描述为那些可购买的智慧源泉。}

What would civilization be like without its benefits? ^{没有其好处，文明会是怎样的？（虚拟语气反问）}

• What would life be like without electricity?^{没有电，生活会是怎样的？}
• What would the modern world be like without the Internet?^{没有互联网，现代世界会是怎样的？}

So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births -- but our spiritual outlook would be different.

So much is certain: that... ^{如此确定的是…（固定句式）}

• The author uses this phrase to introduce a firmly held premise about the hypothetical bookless world: So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants...^{如此确定的是：我们仍将有医生、传教士、律师和被告、婚姻和生育…}
• So much is certain: that the project will not be finished on time.^{如此确定的是：该项目将无法按时完成。}

spiritual outlook ^{精神面貌/精神视野}

• Our spiritual outlook would be different in a bookless world.^{在一个没有书本的世界里，我们的精神面貌将有所不同。}
• Meditation can profoundly change a person's spiritual outlook.^{冥想可以深刻地改变一个人的精神面貌。}

We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens.

lay stress on... ^{强调/重视}

• The company lays great stress on customer service.^{该公司非常重视客户服务。}
• We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory.^{我们对“事实和数据”的重视会减少，而对良好的记忆力会更加重视。}

get along with... ^{与…和睦相处}

• It is important to get along with your colleagues.^{与同事和睦相处很重要。}
• He has the capacity to get along with his fellow-citizens.^{他有与同胞和睦相处的能力。}
• Despite their differences, the two neighbours get along well.^{尽管他们之间有分歧，但这两个邻居相处得很好。}

If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable.

be fashioned after... ^{仿照…制作/设计}

• The new building is fashioned after an old Roman temple.^{这座新建筑是仿照一座古罗马神庙设计的。}
• If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past, we would have the most democratic form of 'college'.^{如果我们的教育系统仿照其没有书本的过去来设计，我们将拥有可以想象到的最民主的“大学”形式。}

the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable ^{可以想象的最民主的“大学”形式}

• This is **the most effective method imaginable** for solving the problem.^{这是解决这个问题可以想象到的最有效的方法。}
• The phrase emphasizes the **idealized, egalitarian nature** of the proposed system.^{这个短语强调了所提出的系统理想化、平等主义的本质。}

Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.

in this respect ^{在这一方面}

• The two companies are similar in this respect: both prioritize innovation.^{这两家公司在这一方面是相似的：都优先考虑创新。}
• All knowledge is shared by all, so in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.^{所有知识都被所有人共享，因此在这一方面，每个人都为生活做好了平等的准备。}

be equipped for... ^{为…做好准备/具备…能力}

• The training program aims to ensure that all graduates are equipped for the challenges of the modern workplace.^{该培训计划旨在确保所有毕业生为现代工作场所的挑战做好准备。}
• Among tribal people, everybody is equally equipped for life.^{在部落人民中，每个人都为生活做好了平等的准备。}

It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.

the ideal condition of the 'equal start' ^{“平等起跑线”的理想状态}

• The author contrasts the tribal system with modern education, stating the former offers the ideal condition of the 'equal start'.^{作者对比了部落制度和现代教育，指出前者提供了“平等起跑线”的理想状态。}
• This concept implies that everyone has **access to the same foundational knowledge**, leveling the field for all participants.^{这个概念意味着每个人都能接触到相同的基本知识，从而为所有参与者创造平等的机会。}

try to regain ^{试图重新获得/恢复}

• Only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain this ideal.^{只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图重新获得这种理想。}
• The company is trying to regain the trust of its customers after the scandal.^{丑闻发生后，该公司正试图重新获得客户的信任。}

In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all.

obligation to do sth. ^{做某事的义务/责任}

• The obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all in primitive cultures.^{在原始文化中，寻求和接受传统教育的义务对所有人都有约束力。}
• Employees have an obligation to follow the company's code of conduct.^{员工有义务遵守公司的行为准则。}

be binding to all ^{对所有人都有约束力}

• The contract terms are binding to all parties involved.^{合同条款对所有相关方都具有约束力。}
• The law is **binding to all** citizens.^{法律对所有公民都有约束力。}

There are no 'illiterates' -- if the term can be applied to peoples without a script -- while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations.

illiterates ^{文盲/不识字的人}

• In tribal societies, there are no **'illiterates'** (even though they lack a script) because all traditional knowledge is shared.^{在部落社会中，没有“文盲”（尽管他们没有文字），因为所有传统知识都得到共享。}
• Reducing the number of illiterates is a key goal for the national education program.^{减少文盲数量是国家教育计划的一个关键目标。}

compulsory school attendance ^{义务教育/强制性学校教育}

• The historical dates show the relatively recent establishment of **compulsory school attendance** laws in European countries.^{这些历史日期显示了欧洲国家相对较晚才建立强制性学校教育法。}
• **Compulsory school attendance** aims to ensure universal access to basic education.^{义务教育旨在确保普及基础教育。}

non-existent ^{不存在的/缺乏的}

• Compulsory school attendance is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations.^{义务教育在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。}
• The budget for the arts program was virtually non-existent this year.^{今年的艺术项目预算几乎不存在。}

This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries.

deemed it necessary to do sth. ^{认为做某事有必要}

• The committee deemed it necessary to postpone the meeting.^{委员会认为有必要推迟会议。}
• The sentence highlights how long it took for modern society to deem it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge.^{这句话强调了现代社会花了多长时间才认为有必要确保我们所有的孩子都能分享知识。}

how long it was before... ^{花了多长时间才…（强调时间之久）}

• The phrasing shows how long it was before we began to value universal education.^{这种措辞表明了我们花了多长时间才开始重视普及教育。}
• The final bell struck thirteen times **before it stopped**.^{最后的铃响了十三次才停下来。（强调主句时间长，before译为“才”）}

the 'happy few' ^{少数幸运儿/少数精英阶层（讽刺或特指）}

• This phrase, often used with a sense of irony, refers to the **elite** who historically had access to knowledge and education.^{这个短语，通常带有讽刺意味，指的是历史上能够接触到知识和教育的精英阶层。}
• The knowledge was accumulated by **the 'happy few'** during the past centuries.^{知识是由“少数幸运儿”在过去几个世纪中积累的。}

Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start.

monetary means ^{金钱手段/经济能力}

• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.^{荒野中的教育不是金钱的问题。}
• The project failed due to a lack of monetary means.^{由于缺乏经济能力，该项目失败了。}
• The charity relies on donations rather than its own monetary means.^{该慈善机构依靠捐款，而不是自身的经济能力。}

be entitled to ^{有资格享有/有权获得}

• Everyone is entitled to an equal start in the primitive education system.^{在原始教育体系中，所有人都有权享有平等的起跑线。}
• All citizens are entitled to free healthcare.^{所有公民都有权获得免费医疗。}
• You may be **entitled to a refund** if the product is faulty.^{如果产品有缺陷，您可能有权获得退款。}

There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality.

hamper ^{妨碍/阻碍}

• Lack of experience may hamper his progress.^{缺乏经验可能会妨碍他的进步。}
• The author contrasts the slow, careful pace of wilderness education with the **hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality**.^{作者将荒野教育缓慢、谨慎的节奏与“在我们社会中经常妨碍成长中人格充分发展的仓促”进行了对比。}
• Bad weather will hamper rescue efforts.^{恶劣的天气将阻碍救援工作。}

the full development of a growing personality ^{成长中人格的充分发展}

• A balanced education is essential for the full development of a growing personality.^{平衡的教育对于成长中人格的充分发展至关重要。}
• Excessive pressure can hinder the full development of a growing personality.^{过度的压力会阻碍成长中人格的充分发展。}

There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parent; therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency'.

ever-present attention ^{无时不在的关注}

• The child grows up under the **ever-present attention** of his parent.^{孩子在父母无时不在的关注下成长。}
• The problem of climate change is an **ever-present** concern for scientists.^{气候变化问题是科学家们一直关注的问题。}

know of no... ^{不知道有…/没有…}

• The jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency'.^{丛林和稀树草原不知道有“青少年犯罪”。}
• The peaceful village knows of no violence.^{这个和平的村庄不知道有暴力。}

juvenile delinquency ^{青少年犯罪}

• The lack of parental supervision is often cited as a cause of **juvenile delinquency**.^{缺乏父母监督常被认为是青少年犯罪的一个原因。}
• The text suggests that **juvenile delinquency** is absent in tribal societies due to continuous parental attention.^{文中暗示，由于父母持续的关注，青少年犯罪在部落社会中并不存在。}

No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.

necessity of doing sth. ^{做某事的必要性}

• The necessity of making a living away from home does not exist in the wilderness system.^{在荒野系统中，在外谋生的必要性不存在。}
• There is no necessity of making an immediate decision.^{没有必要立即做出决定。}

neglect of children ^{对孩子的忽视}

• The lack of necessity to be away from home results in no neglect of children.^{没有必要离家在外，就不会发生对孩子的忽视。}
• The social worker reported a case of severe neglect of children.^{社会工作者报告了一起严重的忽视儿童案件。}

be confronted with... ^{面对/遭遇}

• No father is **confronted with his inability** to 'buy' an education for his child.^{没有父亲会面对他无法为孩子“购买”教育的问题。}
• The government is **confronted with the challenge** of rising unemployment.^{政府正面临失业率上升的挑战。}
• He was suddenly confronted with the truth.^{他突然面对了真相。}