精讲课 笔记随视频锁定
露营的动机

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

你赢呢~：终于快要完成《新概念》体系的学习了，而本课则为所有的文章里内容最多的课文，笔记量是其它课的 3 倍甚至还多，加油，只差临门一脚了~

Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.

economy n. 1.  经济

  • The Chinese economy grows at an annual rate of 8 per cent.
  • By 1988 the economy was booming. 到1988年为止经济一直很繁荣。
  • The economy is in recession. 经济处于衰退之中。

economy n. 2. 节约

  • To save for their new house, they had to practice economy in every aspect of their lives. 为了买新房，他们必须在生活的方方面面厉行节约。
  • We decided to fly economy class to save money for the actual sightseeing. 我们决定坐经济舱，以便把钱省下来用于实际观光。
  • Large factories benefit from economies of scale, allowing them to lower the price per unit. 大型工厂受益于规模经济，这使他们能够降低单位成本。
false economy 错误的节俭（指看似省钱实则更浪费的行为） Buying cheap tires is a false economy, as they wear out much faster and need replacing sooner. 买廉价轮胎是因小失大，因为它们磨损得快，需要更早更换。
economical (adj.) 节约的；经济实惠的（形容词形式） A small car is usually more economical to run than a large SUV. 小汽车通常比大型 SUV 运行起来更省油。

motive n.动机(抽象名词)

  • His motive for studying abroad was purely academic. 他出国留学的动机纯粹是学术上的。
  • The police are investigating the possible motive for the crime. 警方正在调查这起犯罪的可能动机。
  • A powerful motive can drive a person to achieve great things. 一个强大的动机可以驱使一个人成就伟大的事业。
motive for sth. （做某事的）动机；目的（侧重于直接原因） The police are still searching for a motive for the attack. 警方仍在寻找这次袭击的动机。
motive behind sth. （某事背后的）深层动机；幕后原因 What was the motive behind his sudden decision to resign? 他突然决定辞职的深层原因是什么？
the motive for the murder 谋杀动机 Financial gain is often the primary motive for the murder in such cases. 在这些案件中，经济利益通常是谋杀的主要动机。
the motive behind the bombing 爆炸事件背后的动机 The motive behind the bombing remains unclear, though several groups have claimed responsibility. 尽管已有多个组织声称对此负责，但爆炸背后的动机仍不清楚。
ulterior motive 别有用心；不可告人的动机 He offered to help, but I suspect he has an ulterior motive. 他主动提出帮忙，但我怀疑他别有用心。

outlay on / upon … the spending or disbursement of money 花费；支出 （在某事上的）开支；经费；投入（通常指为某一特定目的或项目投入的大笔款项）

  • the weekly outlay on groceries
  • The initial outlay on new equipment was quite high, but it saved money in the long run. 新设备的初始投入很高，但从长远来看它节省了资金。
  • The project requires a significant capital outlay for infrastructure. 该项目需要大量的基建投资。
  • The project required a considerable outlay upon new technology. 这个项目需要相当大的新技术的开支。
expense of sth. …的费用；代价
（强调为了达到目的所支付的钱或做出的牺牲）		 The expense of maintaining a classic car can be overwhelming. 保养一辆老爷车的费用可能会高得惊人。
cost of sth. …的价格；成本
（最通用的词，可指具体的金钱价格，也可指抽象的代价）
  • The cost of living has risen significantly over the past year. 过去一年生活成本显著上升。
  • We need to cut down on the cost of materials. 我们需要削减材料的成本。
at the expense / cost of 以…为代价 He achieved success at the expense of his health. 他以健康为代价换取了成功。
total expense 总开支 The total expense for the trip exceeded our estimates. 这次旅行的总开支超过了我们的估计。
initial outlay 初始开支
  • The initial outlay upon starting the business was quite high. 开始这项业务的初始开支相当高。
  • Despite the large initial outlay, the long-term savings are significant. 尽管初始开支很大，但长期节省的费用是可观的。
  • They had to budget for the initial outlay on kitchen appliances. 他们不得不为厨房电器的初始开支做预算。

But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or (it is) even the greatest (one).

Contrary to a popular assumption, spiders are far from being insects, or even related to them.  仿写第2课

contrary to 与...相反

  • Contrary to popular belief, the earth is not flat. 与普遍的看法相反，地球不是平的。
  • His actions were contrary to the company's policy. 他的行为与公司的政策相反。
  • Contrary to what she said, the meeting was very productive. 与她所说的相反，这次会议富有成效。
contrary to popular opinion / belief
与普遍观点/看法相反（用于引出事实，指出大众的认知是错误的）		 Contrary to popular belief, camels do not store water in their humps; they store fat. 与普遍看法相反，骆驼的驼峰里储存的不是水，而是脂肪。
contrary to expectations 与预期相反 Contrary to expectations, the small startup outperformed the industry giant. 与预期相反，这家初创小公司表现优于行业巨头。
on the contrary 相反地；正相反
（用于反驳前述内容，强调情况完全不同）		 "Was the test easy?" "On the contrary, it was the hardest exam I've ever taken." “考试简单吗？”“正相反，这是我参加过的最难的考试。”
run contrary to 与……背道而驰；违反 The new policy runs contrary to the company's core values of transparency. 新政策与公司透明的核心价值观背道而驰。
contrary to a popular assumption 与普遍的假设相反
（常用于纠正大众想当然但缺乏证据的看法）		 Contrary to a popular assumption, introverts are not necessarily shy; they simply recharge by being alone. 与普遍的假设相反，内向者并不一定害羞；他们只是通过独处来恢复精力。
contrary to expectations 与预期/预料相反
（侧重于结果与事前的估计或预判不符）		 Contrary to expectations, the film was a massive hit despite receiving poor reviews from critics. 与预期相反，尽管影评人的评价很差，这部电影却大获成功。
contrary to what sb. said 与某人所说的相反 Contrary to what the witness said, the surveillance footage shows a different story. 与证人所说的相反，监控录像显示的是另一番景象。
to the contrary 相反地
（常放在名词后或句末作为补充说明）		 Unless there is evidence to the contrary, we must assume he is telling the truth. 除非有相反的证据，否则我们必须假定他说的是实话。

far from … 根本不是…，远非…

  • Your work is far from (being) satisfactory.
  • The show was far from (being) a failure; it was a great success. 
  • Far from relieving my cough, the medicine aggravated it.
  • The solution they proposed is far from being ideal. 他们提出的解决方案远非理想。
  • His account of the event was far from being complete. 他对事件的描述远非完整。
  • The negotiations are far from being concluded. 谈判远未结束。
far from (being) adj. 远非；完全不（强调程度，用于反驳某种说法） The situation is far from (being) satisfactory; we still have a lot of work to do. 情况远非令人满意；我们还有很多工作要做。
far from (being) n. 远不是…；绝非… She is far from (being) a coward; she was the only one who spoke up. 她绝非懦夫；她是唯一一个敢于直言的人。
far from doing sth. 不但没有…（反而） Far from helping the situation, his interference only made things worse. 他的干预不但没有帮助解决情况，反而使事情变得更糟。
Far from it 远非如此；才不是呢
（用于口语，强烈否定对方的观点）		 "Do you think he's lazy?" "Far from it! He's the most hardworking person I know." “你觉得他懒吗？”“才不是呢！他是我认识的最勤奋的人。”

The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his 20 pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley.

manoeuvre / maneuver v. to move or turn skillfully or to move or turn sth. skillfully, esp. sth. large and heavy 运用技巧移动或使转弯  

  • The pilot maneuvered to avoid the bird.
  • We attempted to maneuver the canoe closer to him.
  • The truck driver had to manoeuvre carelessly into the narrow alley. 卡车司机不得不粗心地移动到狭窄的巷子里。
  • She expertly manoeuvred the car into the tiny parking spot. 她熟练地将车操纵进入那个微小的停车位。
  • The politician tried to manoeuvre himself into a position of power. 这位政客试图将自己操纵进入一个权力地位。

金钱 + worth of + 物品

Ross: Well, how was the date? Rachel: Well I’m alone and I just bought fifteen dollars worth of candy bars, what do you think? 《老友记》

myriad adj. (fml.) uncountably many 无数的

  • the myriad fish in the ocean
  • There are myriad stars in the night sky. 夜空中存在着无数的星星。
  • The city offers a myriad of cultural experiences. 这座城市提供了大量的文化体验。
  • They face myriad problems in their daily operations. 他们在日常运营中面临无数的问题。
permanent sites 永久性营地 The park offers several well-maintained permanent sites for campers. 公园为露营者提供了几个维护良好的永久性营地。
bump 碰撞 Be careful not to bump your head on the low ceiling. 小心不要让你的头碰到低矮的天花板。
innumerable 无数的 He has an innumerable collection of rare stamps. 他拥有无数珍稀邮票的收藏。

More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.

to 紧靠着，面对着

  • stand face to face sit back to back
  • dance cheek to cheek
  • cars queuing bumper to bumper 

hub to hub 紧密相邻，肩并肩

  • In the crowded parking lot, the cars were parked hub to hub. 在拥挤的停车场里，汽车紧密相邻地停着。
  • The tents at the festival site were pitched hub to hub. 音乐节现场的帐篷紧密相邻地搭着。
  • They stood hub to hub in the packed subway car. 他们肩并肩地站在拥挤的地铁车厢里。
alongside 将与...相邻 The new building will be alongside the historic library. 新建筑将与历史图书馆相邻。
in close proximity 紧密接近 The houses were built in close proximity to each other. 这些房子彼此紧密接近地建造。

made for 为...制作/设计

  • I’d like to reserve a table for two.
  • This dress seems to be made for you. 这条裙子似乎是为你量身定做的。
  • The tools were specifically made for precise work. 这些工具是专门为精确工作制作的。
  • A bicycle made for two is called a tandem. 一辆为两个人制作的自行车被称为双人自行车。