Lesson 17 A man-made disease人为的疾病结果状语从句 非限定性定语从句

In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.

in the early days (of …) ^{在…的早期 (days 时期)}

• in the early days of spring / our marriage / the Qing Dynasty … 
• I'm still in the early days of my recovery and that worries me. ^{我仍处于恢复期的初始阶段，这使我担心。}
• Then in 1963, in the early days of the development of the theory of plate tectonics. ^{然后是在1963年，在板块构造理论发展的早期。}
• Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. ^{而且早期用延绳钓捕鱼的时候， 有许多鱼在上钩后就被鲨鱼吃了。}

unwise / ill-advised / impolitic / folly ^不明智的

• It would be unwise to invest all your savings in one company. ^{将你所有的积蓄投资在一家公司是不明智的。}
• The decision to sell was very ill-advised. ^{非常欠考虑.}
• It would be impolitic to criticize the new policy openly.
• The purchase of Alaska was once called Seward’s Folly. ^{西沃德的愚蠢行为.}

Seward’s Folly：it refers to the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867. 

This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.

natural enemies ^天敌

• Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies.
• The owl is a natural enemy of the mouse.
• Any smell might attract natural enemies that would try to eat the little panda. ^{任何气味都可能引来试图吃掉熊猫宝宝的天敌。}

the Antipodes ^{（特指与欧洲形成对跖地的; 地球相反的位置）澳大拉西亚}

• We might visit friends in the Antipodes next year. ^{the + An... 首字母大写特指【澳大利亚】}
• New Zealand is almost the antipodes of Spain. ^{对跖地(不大写就是指地球相对的地方)}

do sth. with wild / gay / reckless / promiscuous ... abandon ^{以...放任的方式做某事}

• They danced with wild abandon. ^{狂野的放任}
• Christmas shoppers are spending money with reckless abandon.^{鲁莽的放任}
• The crowd danced with wild abandon when their favorite song came on. ^{当他们最喜欢的歌曲响起时，人群以狂野放任的方式跳舞。}

be characteristic of ... / be typical of ... ^{是...的典型特征}

• Such bluntness is characteristic of him.^{是他的典型特征}
• The creamy richness is characteristic of the cheese from the region.
• With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated.

With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. ^{考研英语（阅读真题）}

It overran a whole continent.

overrun ^{(overran overrun) v. to be present in a place in such large amounts or numbers that it is unpleasant 泛滥，蔓延}

• The warehouse was overrun by / with mice. 
• a mall overrun by / with shoppers ^{做后置定语}
• Weeds have overrun the garden.^{杂草在花园里泛滥了}
• The small town was overrun by tourists during the summer festival. ^{这个小镇在夏季节日期间被游客占满了。}

It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. ^{定语从句按并列句翻译“而...”}

herbage / pasture ^{牧草 / 牧场}

• The cattle grazed on the lush pasture. ^{不能表“牧场”}
• Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. ^{表“牧场”时可数}

Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis.

variety / species / genre ^{种类 / 物种 / 类型，体裁}

• The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. ^{variety 表“种类”时可数}
• The lake has more than 20 varieties of fish.

be susceptible to ... ^{易受...感染/影响}

• Elderly people are more susceptible to the flu.^{更容易感染流感}
• The crop is susceptible to pests.^{容易受到害虫的影响}
• Forests on white, sandy soil are most susceptible to permanent alteration. ^{白色沙质土壤上的森林最容易发生永久性的变化。}

By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created.

let ... loose / free / release ... / let ... go / liberate / emancipate ^{释放 / 解放}

• The kidnappers let him loose on a dark country lane. ^{在一条黑暗的乡村小路上释放了他}
• After a stern warning, the teacher decided to let the student go. ^{在严厉警告之后，老师决定放走那个学生。}

Please release me, let me go. For I don't love you anymore. To waste our lives would be a sin. Release me and let me love again. 

Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits.

act as  ^{作为、当...来用、有这个功能、效果}

• The old barn now serves as a community center. ^{充当社区中心}
• He acted as if he had never lived in England before.  ^{acted as if 表现得...、假装...}
• Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
• During the negotiation, the ambassador act as a neutral mediator. ^{在谈判期间，大使充当了中立调解人的角色。}

carrier ^{[化学] 载体；运送者；带菌者}

• Mosquitoes can carry diseases like malaria.
• This substance can act as a carrier for the medication.
• His father accused him of acting as a carrier for some drug pushers. ^{他父亲指责他为某些毒贩子充当毒品运送人。}

pass sth. on to sb.  ^{把...转交给...；（派生）传染 / 传播疾病}

• I’ll pass your complaints on to my superiors. 
• He passed his cold on to me.
• Some animals can transmit a disease to humans. ^{将疾病传播给人类}
• Please pass this message on to your manager. ^{请把这条消息转交给你的经理。}

So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one.

get rid of ... = dispose of ... ^{打发走；除掉（干掉、清除掉、完全杀光...）}

• It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.
• There is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for, ... ^打发走...
• I used weedkiller to get rid of the weeds in the garden.

encourage ^{v.促进，助长}

• Poor hygiene encourages the spread of disease. ^{促进疾病的传播}
• The warm weather encourages plant growth. ^{促进植物生长}

It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population.

all over ^遍布了...

• The good news spread throughout the country.
• Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant.
• We traveled all over the country during our summer vacation. ^{我们在暑假期间跑遍了全国各地。}

drastic ^{(adj.) extreme and sudden 极端的；急剧的；严厉的；猛烈的}

• We need to take drastic measures to solve the problem.
• There were drastic cuts in government spending.

It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated.

became apparent  ... ^{明显看出(文言)...}

• It soon became clear / obvious / apparent / evident that she did not have a genuine interest in her job.
• It quickly became evident that the initial plan was flawed.

it is / was clear / obvious / apparent / evident that ... ^显然...

develop a degree of resistance to ... ^{对...产生一定程度的抗药性/抵抗力}

• Bacteria have developed a resistance to many antibiotics. ^{对许多抗生素产生了抗药性}

The medicine effectively restrained the growth of the tumor, which, in the course of time, however, developed a degree of resistance to it. ^{该药有效地抑制了肿瘤的生长，但是，经过一段时间，肿瘤对该药产生了一定程度的抗药性。}

There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.

there be + 无灵主语 ^地道句式

• Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study, because there is no shortage of tall buildings.
• This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well.
• Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.
• Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea. ^{显然，这个想法很有道理。}
• There is no denying that he is talented. ^{不可否认的是他很有天赋.}
• There is no question that the earth is round. ^{毫无疑问地球是圆的.}
• There is every likelihood that he will win. ^{他很有可能会赢...}

There is probably an element of truth in this argument, but they ignore a more basic fact that the freedom of the press is often abused. ^考研真题
Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity in a famous scientist to the fact that he never went to school. There is undoubtedly a truth in his observation, but such a truth is not criticism of schools.

manageable ^{adj. easy to control or deal with 易管理的；易控制的；易办的}

• My hair is more manageable since I had it cut.
• The workload is now manageable with the new staff.

Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.

rabbit as a pest ... disease as a pestilence ^{写作的语言游戏}

• As a vice tolerated in youth, it would later rise as a viciousness corrupting his entire character. ^{（vice 小恶习 → viciousness 恶毒 / 凶残 / 嚣张的恶）}
• As a rage that seized his heart, it returned as a rapture that carried him beyond reason. ^{同源词根 rapt- / -rapere：抓取、带走}
• As a humble request at first, it later weighed upon him as a humiliation he could not forget. ^{同根 humilis：低下、地面}
• As an ardent hope in his youth, it lingered as an ardor that burned long after the dream had faded. ^{同源词：来自 ardere：燃烧}
• As a frugal habit in childhood, it endured as a frugality shaping every decision of his adult life. ^{同源：frux / frug- 果实、成果 → 引申为节俭}

bequeath sth. to sb. ^{把某物遗赠给某人}

• In her will, she chose to bequeath her entire library to her godson. ^{在她的遗嘱中，她选择把她的整个图书馆遗赠给她的教子。}
• She bequeathed her entire estate to charity. ^{将她的全部遗产遗赠给了慈善机构}
• The treasure I bequeath and leave entirely to my sole heir. ^{此项宝藏吾全部遗赠与吾之惟一继承人。}

A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis.

introduce ^{引入、引进}

• The government plans to introduce a new tax system.
• We introduce fragment identifiers for the speakers. ^{我们为演讲者引入了片段标识符。}
• The government is having to introduce some difficult changes, particularly in moving over to a market economy. ^{政府将不得不引入一些艰难的变革，特别是在转向市场经济的过程中。}

It did not, however, remain within the confines of this estate.

confines ^{范围 / 在...范围之内 / 在...范围之外}

• The open sea was deep and mysterious, and anyone who gave more than a passing thought to the bottom confines of the oceans probably assumed that the sea bed was flat.
• We must work within the confines of the law  / within the confines of the farm.
• The universe extends beyond the confines of human knowledge.

It spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry.

sport ^{n.[C] an activity that people do in the countryside, especially hunting or fishing （狩猎，钓鱼等）乡间活动，消遣}

• Hunting is a popular sport in this region.
• Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, ... ^{[U] fun or amusement 乐趣，消遣，好玩}
• He enjoys field sports like fishing.  

domesticated ^{adj.domesticated animals are able to work for people or live with them as pets 家养的，驯化的}

• Domesticated animals such as sheep and horses are common here.
• While agriculturalists rely on domesticated plants, pastoralists rely on domesticated animals. ^{农民依靠种植作物为生，而牧民则依赖于驯养牲畜。}
• They were domesticated some thousands of years after this. ^{之后辣椒被驯化了数千年的时间。}

不规则复数变化形式 ^{拉丁词复数}

• The research established a solid basis for further study.  ⇒ These bases are vital for the structure.
• the Earth's axis.  ⇒ drawing the x and y axes.
• She is writing her doctoral thesis.  ⇒ discussing various theses.

on the basis of ... ^{在...的基础之上}

• Decisions were often made on the basis of incorrect information.^{在错误信息的基础上做出决定}
• The two companies reached an agreement on the basis of mutual respect.^{在相互尊重的基础上}

The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.

one of ^其中之一

• The central theme of the novel is one of the conflict between duty and desire.
• My main concern is one of how we can raise the necessary funds.
• I'm just one of his many conquests. ^{我仅仅是他的众多俘虏之一。}
• Spain was one of the hardest hit countries. ^{西班牙是遭受打击最严重的国家之一。}