Lesson 9 Royal espionage王室谍报活动 并列句 隐喻 比较级

Royal espionage

Royal ^{王室；皇家的}

• The ceremony took place at the royal palace. ^王宫
• He joined the Royal Air Force / Navy.
• She was dressed in a royal blue gown. ^高贵的

Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.

Name + the Great ^{历史人名+称谓/外号等（历史人物）}

• Alfred the Great is the only ruler to resist Danish invaders successfully.
• Peter the Great modernized Russia in the 17th century.
• Alexander the Great ruled over a large empire. ^{亚历山大大帝统治着一个大帝国。}
• The scene in question involves Lucius Cornelius Sulla, a brilliant general who was of the generation just before the great Caesar. ^{刚刚提到的场景里有一个卓越的将军苏拉，他是伟大的凯撒大帝的上一辈。}
• Catherine the Great was a patron of the arts and sciences. ^{凯瑟琳大帝是艺术和科学的赞助人。}
• Richard the Lion-hearted was a famous English king.
• George the Fifth was the monarch of the United Kingdom from 1910 until his death in 1936.
• William the Conqueror invaded Britain in A. D. 1066. ^{威廉征服者于公元1066年入侵英国。}
• Jaime Lannister, also known as the Kingslayer, is a knight from House Lannister. ^{《权力的游戏》Game of Thrones}

act as ^{1.（临时）担任某工作；2.当做...来用}

• My brother speaks French—he can act as interpreter. ^{他可以担任口译员}
• This piece of cloth can act as a temporary sail. ^{这块布可以当做临时的船帆来用}

disguise A as B ^{把...装扮成...}

• The king disguised himself as a peasant. ^{国王将自己装扮成一个农民}
• He escaped across the border disguised as a priest. ^{他装扮成牧师逃离了边境}

In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.

in those days ^{想当初；在那个年代}

• In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. ^想当初
• In those days we often went to dig for wild vegetables. ^{在那个年代}
• Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe.

They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. ^暗喻

passport ^{护照，通行证；手段}

• Do you have a valid British passport? ^护照
• A good education can be a passport to success. ^{通行证/手段}
• Patience and hard work are the passport to mastery. ^手段

Metaphor ^{暗喻;没有比喻词(like、as ...)}

1、喻体直陈式 ^{直接陈述喻体是什么}

• College is a comma of a sentence of life.
• She was an angel of a wife.
• Their harp was their passport.

2、喻体全隐式 ^{做比喻、喻体不出现，但读者却知道比喻的喻体是什么；因为往往用动词表现喻体的特征，读者能猜测到是什么}

• As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
• Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.  — Sir Francis Bacon

3、喻体半隐式 ^{喻体是通过动词表现出来的、动词的名词形式就是喻体}

• From every window heads were craning for a view of it. ^{用动词表名词}
• He doesn’t have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say. 
• A heavy silence blanketed the room.
• They stormed the speaker with questions．
• I would argue that although it may be a benefit to study classics and be well schooled in diverse disciplines, these pursuits merely refine and hone an ability each and every person has, the ability to study human nature. ^{(GRE Issue Model Assay)}

Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.

in one’s youth ^{在某人年轻的时候}

• The heroine, a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
• I live in that solitude which is painful in youth, but delicious in the years of maturity.
• He was a very good football player in his youth.

vary ^{vt.改变；使多样化 To obtain the nutrients you need, vary the foods you eat.} 

• To obtain the nutrients you need, vary the foods you eat. ^{使食物多样化}
• The costs vary depending on the location. ^{费用有所不同}
• The doctor advised her to vary her diet^{使她的饮食多样化}.

While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.

little ^{adj. trivial; insignificant 微不足道的}

• She complained about every little problem.
• The error was so little that it was ignored.
• He paid little attention to the warning.

gather ^{v. assemble; collect; mass; congregate … 聚集；收集；集合}

• A large crowd began to gather in the square. ^聚集
• She was trying to gather information for her report. ^收集
• The whole family gathered for Christmas. ^集合

set out to do ^{开始做...；有意做某事}

• Dimitri at once set out to find the thief.
• The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.
• True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves. ^{从未故意打算吸引}
• We never set out to hurt you, Victor. And I'm sorry we did. Are you done? Yeah. ^{从未有意要伤害}

penetrate (into / through) ^{进入、穿过（尤其表示费力、有抵抗力的情况下）}

• Our troops have penetrated (into) enemy territory. ^{我们的部队已进入敌方领土。}

Guthrum ^{丹麦人的国王古特仑（历史人物）Danish king, he was forced to accept baptism after being defeated by Alfred.}

• Guthrum was the commander of the Danish invaders.
• Alfred defeated Guthrum and forced him to accept baptism.
• The Treaty of Wedmore established boundaries between Alfred's kingdom and Guthrum's territory.

These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.

settle down ^{定居下来、安顿下来；安静下来}

• They’d like to see their daughter settle down, get married and have kids.
• After a long journey, we finally settled down in our new apartment.
• The children settled down to watch the film.
• He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.

Discipline is slack / loose / lax ^纪律松懈

• The manager warned that discipline was slack in the department.
• The school enforced stricter rules because the discipline was loose.
• Lax discipline led to many mistakes.

precautions ^防范措施

• What are Universal Precautions? ^{什么是普遍预防措施？}
• Precautions before mining a website. ^{挖掘网站之前的注意事项。}
• What precautions should we take? ^{以及我们应该对此做些什么准备呢？}

casual ^{adj. slack; careless; inattentive 松懈的；马虎的；不经意的}

• His manner was very casual about the important meeting. ^态度松懈
• The students were casual about their deadlines. ^不在意
• The security checks were surprisingly casual.^{安保检查出人意料地马虎}

They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions.

live by doing ^{靠(通过)某种职业为生}

• He lives by writing. ^{他靠写作谋生}
• He lives by sewing. ^{他靠缝纫为生}
• The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age... ^{靠狩猎和捕鱼为生}

live on sth. ^{靠(依赖)某种食物或生活来源为生（指人）}

• He lives on meat and milk. ^{靠某种食物为生}
• He lives on salary. ^{靠生活来源为生}
• He still lives on his parents despite having a job. ^啃老

proceeds ^{做某事或卖某事的收益 the money that is obtained from doing sth. or selling sth.}

• The proceeds of the concert will go to charity. ^{音乐会的收益}
• The family received the proceeds from the sale of the house. ^{出售的收益}

raid on ^{对...的抢劫/突袭}

• The police carried out a raid on the jeweler's shop. ^{对珠宝店的抢劫}
• They launched an air raid on the military base. ^{对军事基地的空袭}
• The soldiers conducted a surprise raid on the camp. ^{对营地的突袭}

neighboring ^{adj. nearby 临近的}

• The two countries are neighboring states. ^{这两个国家是临近的}
• They often visit the neighboring regions. ^临近地区
• She borrowed a cup of sugar from her neighboring flat. ^临近的

There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.

as well as... ^{除了...之外还... （强调前者）}

• She speaks French as well as Spanish. ^{除了...之外还有...}
• He's got plenty of brains as well as brawn. ^{他四肢发达，头脑也不简单。}
• This year numerous bands are playing, as well as comedy acts. ^{今年有许多乐队在表演，也有喜剧节目。}

soft  ^{adj.If you are soft on someone, you do not treat them as strictly or severely as you should. 软弱可欺;心慈手软的}

• If you appear to be soft, people will take advantage of you. ^{如果你显得软弱可欺}
• The army had become soft after years of peace. ^{军队已经变得软弱}
• Don't go soft on them; they deserve the punishment. ^{不要变软弱}

Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.

before ^{的译法:然后；才；就}

• It will be a long time before we meet again.^{(强调主句时间长) adv.才}
• ...the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.  ^{(强调主句时间长) adv.才}
• I hadn’t waited long before he came.  ^{(强调主句时间短) 就}
• I shaved before I went to the party.  ^{(连词) 然后}
• ..., but I decided to disembark before I bought anything.  ^{(连词) 然后}
• ..., but I decided to disembark before buying anything.  ^{(介词) 然后}

The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde.

assembled / gathered / massed ^{聚集的（作后置定语）}

• The force there assembled was trivial... ^{聚集的军队}
• The information gathered was crucial to the investigation. ^{收集到的信息}
• The crowd massed outside the building was enormous. ^{聚集的人群}

The force (which was) assembled / gathered / massed there was trivial …

compared to / with... ^与...相比

• The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde.
• The room was light and lofty compared to the basement. ^{这个房间与地下室比起来更亮更高。}
• I was at a disadvantage compared to the younger members of the team. ^{与队里较年轻的队员相比，我处于不利地位。}

But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.

be fit for... / to do... ^{适合做某事（达到好的标准）}

• The food is fit for human consumption.^{食物适合人类食用}
• Chickens slaughtered in the United States, claim officials in Brussels, are not fit to grace European tables.^{不适合摆上欧洲餐桌}
• He is fit for the job. ^{他适合这份工作}

no... but... ^{不是...而是...}

• Their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
• There was no one in the room but me. ^{房间里除了...之外没有别人}
• He is no musician but a composer. ^{他不是一个演奏者，而是一个作曲家}

So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.

be faced with ^面对着

• She is faced with a difficult decision.
• We must be prepared to be faced with unexpected challenges.

risk sth. / doing ^{冒着...的风险}

• They risked their lives to save the trapped climbers. ^{他们冒着生命危险}
• We couldn't risk being caught in a storm.^{冒着被暴风雨困住的风险}
• You should never risk your health for money.

He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him.

on the + noun ^{处于某种状态}

on + noun ^{(没有"the") 处于某种状态}

His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army.

party ^{一群人；一队人}

• The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
• The mountain rescue team organized a search party. ^搜寻队
• A rescue party was immediately dispatched to the scene.

无灵主语 ^{高级写作（非人称事物作主语）}

The Danish army suffered from hunger.  ^普通写法

• Panic seized me. ^{恐慌攫住了}
• Curiosity swallowed him. ^{好奇心吞噬了}
• Confidence deserted him. ^{信心离开了} 
• That night sleep eluded me. ^{睡眠躲避了}
• Sunset met them halfway. ^{日落遇到了} 
• The past few years witnessed the great influx of foreigners to China,for travelling, studies or business. ^{过去几年见证了}

Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered.

series of ^一系列

• Alfred began a long series of skirmishes.^{一系列小规模战斗}
• The company faced a series of setbacks last year. ^{一系列挫折}
• The book is part of a series of novels.^{一系列小说}

The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!

reasonably ^{adv. justifiably; legitimately adv. 合理地；相当地；适度地}

• The cost is reasonably low. ^{费用相当地} 
• We must act reasonably in this situation. ^{我们必须合理地行动}
• The judge made a reasonably fair decision. ^{法官做出了合理的}

be unique to... / be peculiar to... ^{对...来说是独一无二的；是...独有的}