Lesson 16 The modern city现代城市介词 让步状语从句

Alexis Carrel ^{French surgeon and Nobel laureate 法国外科医生、诺贝尔奖得主}

The text is an excerpt from ‘Man the Unknown’. Alexis wrote ‘Man the Unknown’ in 1935, expounding his elitist philosophy.

In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. ^{（topic sentence）}

in sth. / doing sth. ^{在...的过程中}

• In trying to solve one problem, I created another.
• In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.

industrial ^工业的 

• This chemical has a wide range of industrial uses. ^{这种化学制品在工业上用途广泛。}
• The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot. ^{发明工业机器人是那家公司的功劳。}
• The approved method of cleaning is industrial sand-blasting. ^{得到正式认可的清洁方法是工业喷砂处理。}

the influence ... on / upon ... ^{...对...的影响}

• the influence of parents on / upon their children.
• No job has more influence on the future of the world. ^{没有哪种工作对世界的未来具有更大的影响。}
• Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting. ^{凡·高对现代绘画的发展有着重大的影响。}

介词 to / for ^对于...

Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. ^{（supporting sentences）}

conception ^{怀孕；概念；设想；开始} 

• The architect outlined his original conception for the new building. ^{建筑师概述了他对新建筑的最初设想。}
• The project was flawed from its conception.
• The concept of infinity is hard to grasp.

production ^{产量/生产}

• We need to increase production to meet demand.
• increase the amount of production X

赘词^{（写作避免） 同义替换}

• promote the cause of peaceful reunification X
• accelerate the speed of economic reform X
• elevate the living standards for the people X
• The captain knew that his attempt would not be the only attempt. ^（重复）
• The captain knew that his attempt would not be the only one. ^{（没有简洁多少）}
• The captain knew that his would not be the only attempt. ^（简洁）
• Our age is a tragic age. ^（重复）
• Our age is a tragic one. ^{（没有简洁多少）}
• Ours is a tragic age. —— Shakespeare

an individual or a group of individuals ^{一个人或一群人}

• the boss ^老板
• board of directors ^董事局

for sb. to do sth. ^{介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语}

• …, for an individual or a group of individuals to earn as much money as possible. ^替换写法
• He opened a door and stood aside for her to pass.
• Her circumstances had never been good enough for her hopes to be realized. 

It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.

expand / contract ^{扩展 / 收缩（反义词）}

• The eagle expanded its wings.^{老鹰展开了翅膀}
• Blood is only expelled from the heart when it contracts.  ^{心脏收缩时，血液才从心脏射出。}

without any idea of...^{没有考虑到}

• … without giving any consideration to the true nature of human beings … (physical and spiritual well-being)
• … totally neglecting the true nature of human beings … (physiological and mental state)

give + 名词 + to ^{动词短语拓展}

• Give consideration to plant height.^{要考虑植物的高度。}
• We invite those devoted to ascension to give consideration to working with these materials. ^{我们邀请那些致力于提升的人们考虑来这些资料一起工作。}
• We should also give thought to content if the conferences are to be successful and not just a for everyone. ^{我们应该考虑会议的内容，如果会议要取得成功且不是考虑到每一个人。}
• When her Ayah was dead there was no one to give a thought to the little thing. ^{她的奶妈死后，就没人想到这个小东西了。}

mode ^{n. particular way or manner 模式}

• The system operates in a passive mode.
• We need a new mode of thought to solve this problem.
• The presentation shifted from the speaking mode to the discussion mode. ^{演示从演讲模式转为了讨论模式。}

The great cities have been built with no regard for us.

with no regard for ... ^{没有考虑到...}

• They acted with no regard for the consequences.
• The storm raged with no regard for the small boats.

The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them.

the necessity of doing sth. ^{做某事的必要性}

• The report stresses the necessity of eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. ^{名词做中心词更庄严、正式}
• The report stresses that it is necessary to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. ^中式表达

offer sth. to sb. ^{给某人提供某事}

• They offered me a new job.^{向我提供了一份新工作}
• The hotel offers many services to its guests.^{为客人提供许多服务}

This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.

mass ^{n. throng; a large crowd 一大群人}

• There was a mass of people waiting outside the gate.
• The government is promoting mass education. ^{群众教育(mass 当定语修饰另一个名词)}
• The story was covered by the mass media. ^大众传媒
• The treaty aims to reduce weapons of mass destruction.^{大规模杀伤性武器}

Civilized men like such a way of living.

a way of living ^{一种生活方式}

• Thankfulness is a way of living more fully. ^{感恩是让生活更充实的一种方式。}
• A healthy diet is part of a healthy way of living.
• Abundance is a life style, a way of living your life. ^{富足是一种生活方式。}

While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life.

While / Although / Though ^{尽管（引导让步状语从句）}

• While she is a likable girl, she can be extremely difficult to work with.
• While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. ^考研英语
• While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
• While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

dwelling  ^{住宅（优雅表达）}

• He returned to his humble dwelling after a long journey.
• Please feel free to visit my humble dwelling whenever you are in the city. ^{您在城里时，请随时来我的寒舍坐坐。}
• They sat in an aerial dwelling, and it flew with them through the air. ^{他们坐在一个空中的房子里，房子和他们一起在空中飞行。}

be deprived of ... ^{被剥夺了...}

the necessities of life：the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature, the intimacy of people, etc. But city dwellers are deprived of all these valuable things in the concrete jungle.

• The prisoners were deprived of sunlight and fresh air.
• They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights. ^{他们遭到监禁并被剥夺了基本权利。}
  He was under discussion and it made him feel deprived of his humanity. ^{他受到议论，这使他觉得自己被剥夺了人格。}

The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

consist of ^{由...组成 (强调静态构成，不能用于被动语态)}

• The committee consists of five experts and a chairperson. ^{委员会由五位专家和一位主席组成。}
• The lungs consist of millions of tiny air sacs. ^{肺包含数百万个小肺泡。}
• The division will consist of two tank companies and one infantry company. ^{该师将由两个坦克连和一个步兵连组成。}
• The committee is composed of ten members.

pollutants / problems ^{污染/问题}

• Exposure to heavy petrol fumes can cause serious health problems. ^{暴露在大量的汽油废气中会引起严重的健康问题。}
• Workers must wear protective masks to avoid inhaling toxic gases in the factory. ^{工人必须戴上防护面罩，以避免吸入工厂里的有毒气体。}
• The city is trying new methods to combat severe air pollution caused by traffic. ^{这座城市正在尝试新方法来对抗交通造成的严重空气污染。}
• the problem of overpopulation ^{(thronged ceaselessly by great crowds)}

torn by ^{被...撕裂/打破}

• Noise pollution can make people deaf. ^{噪音污染会使人耳聋。}
• The silence was torn by a sudden scream.^{被一声尖叫打破}

Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ^{总结句（concluding sentence）}

for the good of... ^{为了...的利益}

• He resigned from the committee for the good of the organization. ^{他为了组织的利益而辞去了委员会职务。}
• We must act for the sake of future generations. ^{为了后代的利益}
• The money was raised for the benefit of charity. ^{为了慈善事业的利益}
• The change was made in the interest of public safety. ^{公共安全的利益}
• She spoke on behalf of all the students. ^{代表所有学生发言}