Lesson 68 Persistent纠缠不休动名词 反义疑问句 非谓语动词

I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and (he) came running towards me.

avoid doing sth. ^避免…

• They avoid going out alone after dark.^{他们避免黄昏后独自出门。}
• You should avoid mentioning his divorce. ^{你应该避免提及他离婚的事。}
• He made a quick exit to avoid meeting her. ^{他迅速离去以避免见到她。}

come running towards sb. ^{向某人跑过来}

• You don't come running to me. ^{你不要跑过来}
• Why don't you come skating tonight? ^{今晚来溜冰好吗？}
• When that lawn mower cuts off your toes, don't come running to me. ^{当割草机切下你的脚趾头的时候，你别跑来找我。}

It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.

It's + adj. + to do sth. ^{做某事是adj.}

• It is good to eat an apple every day.^{每天吃一个苹果是好的。}
• It is bad to steal.^{偷窃是坏事。}
• Many boys think it is cool to drink or smoke.^{许多男孩觉得喝酒或者抽烟很酷。}
• It is time to print them out. ^{是时候把它们打印出来了。}

be no use ^{作表语(no 否定名词)}

• There is no sense in keeping calling me. ^{不停地给我打电话是没有意义的。}
• There is no sense in waiting three hours. ^{等三个小时是不合理的。}
• There's no sense in giving you the dimensions. ^{给你们它们的尺寸是讲不通的。}
• There was no sense in making a child suffer like that. ^{让一个孩子受那样的罪是没有道理的。}

I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.

He never has anything to do. ^{用不定式做定语, 修饰 anything，不定式放在不定代词后面}

• anything to do sth. ^{任何要做的事}
• anything to eat sth. ^{可以吃的东西}
• anything to drink ^{可以喝的东西}

No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you.

no matter how = however ^{无论怎样 (引出让步状语从句)} §

• No matter how tired you are, your children insisted on listening to stories. = however tired you are ...

... If I see you next to never ^{倘若此生不能相见}
How can we say forever ^{何能誓说海枯石烂}
Wherever you go ^{任凭天涯海角}
Whatever you do ^{任凭天马行空}
I will be right here waiting for you ^{此生为你守候}
Whatever it takes ^{莫道付出天大代价}
Or how my heart breaks ^{莫道我心破碎}
I will be right here waiting for you ^{为你守候此地}
... - Right Here Waiting^{(此情可待)}

no matter + how、when、where、what、who ^{等引导的从句连用，译为“无论…”}

• No matter how old you are,… ^{无论你多大} = however old you are
• No matter where you are,… ^{无论你是在哪里} = Wherever you are...
• No matter who you are,… ^{无论你你是谁} = Whoever you are...
• No matter what you do,… ^{无论你在做什么} = Whatever you do...

I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.

think of a way of doing sth. ^{想一个做某事的方法}

• had to do sth. ^{过去必须做某事}
• think of a way of solving ^{想个办法解决}
• prevent sb. (from) doing sth. ^{阻止某人做某事, 让某人不做某事}
• stop sb. from doing sth. ^{让某人不做某事}
• keep sb. from doing sth. ^{让某人不做某事(保持不做某事)}
• forbid sb. to do sth. ^{禁止某人做某事}

Fancy meeting you here! ^{=Imagine meeting you here! 真想不到会在这见到你!}

You're not busy doing anything, are you? ^{反意疑问句的回答, 根据事实回答。}

be busy (in) doing sth. ^{忙着做… （in是被省略的介词，介词后要跟名词，这里做介宾）}

• Now she is busy finishing off a biography of Queen Caroline. ^{现在她正忙于完成卡罗琳女王的传记。}
  
• The girl is busy watering the flowers. ^{这个女孩正忙着浇花。}
• I‘m busy cooking. ^{我正忙着做饭。}

* Would you mind my coming with you?

“Would/Do you mind +动名词/if 引导的从句”用来表示客气的请求或征求意见，表示同意/不介意时， 用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”回答；不同意时往往用一些委婉的说法，如“I’m sorry, but…”等回答，不用“yes, I so”。

• Would you mind if I open the windows?
• Certainly not. /Sorry, but it’s cold here.

mind (sb’s) + doing sth. ^{介意某人做某事-ing的逻辑主语有四种形式，分为两大类}

1. 作为代词, 可以用人称代词的宾格, 又可以用形容词性物主代词。
2. 作为名词, 可以保持本身不变, 也可以变成名词所有格。

作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)

• Would you mind my parents' having dinner with me? ^{形物 + 所有格}
• Would you mind me opening the door? ^{代词宾格(做宾语时)}
• Would you mind my/me smoking? ^{形物或者宾语}
• Would you mind me making myself at home? ^{你介意我把这儿当成家吗?}
• They insist on finishing the report before Sunday. ^{他们坚持周日之前完成报告(省略相同)}
• They insist on her finishing the report before Sunday. ^{他们坚持她周日之前完成报告(逻辑主语)}
• Coming late made me nervous. ^{来晚了使我很紧张。(省略相同)}
• His Coming late made the teacher angry. ^{他来晚了使老师很生气。(非宾语的逻辑主语)}

'Then I'll come with you,' he answered. 'There's always plenty to read in the waiting room!’

名词^{（doing动名词）}+ 名词 ^{当doing 当名词来修饰名词是英文中的一种构词法，表功能用途}

• a sleeping bag
• a swimming pool
• a packing case
• a fishing boat

非谓语动词 doing ^{修饰名词时叫"定语"、修饰句子时叫"状语" L55}

用动名词作宾语^{(不能使用 To do 不定式)}

通常要接动名词的形容词^{(习惯用法)}

动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语^{（即动作执行者，而不是句子的主语）}

• Please excuse his not writing to you. ^{请原谅他不给你写信。}
• Do you mind me / my smoking? ^{你介意我抽烟吗?}

跟与户外活动相关的动名词 ^{（climbing，driving，fishing，riding，shopping，walking等）}

感知动词（hear，see，fell，watch 等）后面既可以跟宾语加分词结构，也可以跟宾语加不带 to 的不定式。现在分词往往强调动作正在发生，用于叙述中时使人身临其境；不定式则可以表示动作发生了或过程 结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大，可以互相替换使用。

动名词复合结构 ^{由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成}

动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语, 作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)

• His leaving is a great loss. ^{他的离去是一个很大的损失}
• Mother dislikes my(me) working late. ^{妈妈不喜欢我工作很迟}
• Mother dislikes my sleeping late.
• John's having seen her did not make her worried.^{约翰已经见到她的事实, 没有让她感到担心}

动词 + 动名词

动词 + to do ^{(不定式) 加上逻辑主语后，可以接动词的ing形式作为宾语，也可以接不定式作为宾语。}

反意疑问句^{最早在《新一》的L101看到过}

1. 构成：陈述句 + 简短疑问句
2. 特点：前肯后否、前否后肯
3. 写法：前面为普通陈述句，后面看前半句^{(先相反再疑问)}
• He plays basketball well, doesn't he? ^三单
• He finished his work, didn't he? ^过去时
• You can't understand me, can you? ^情态
• He hasn't left the office, has he? ^完成时

回答

中文是反过来的：是的，我不爱了/ 不是的，我爱。