Expensive and uncomfortable

• It is too expensive! ^{贵得令人不能接受}
• The book is dear. ^{这本书有点贵（这本书是亲爱的）}

When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.

arrive at … ^{到达（小地方）}

• We arrived at the station at noon. ^{我们中午到达车站。}

a (great) number of… ^{许多，若干…}

• You’ve made a number of mistakes in typing this letter.

clothing ^{n. 衣物 （不可数，总称）}

• We need warm clothing for winter. ^{我们需要过冬的保暖衣物。}
• food, clothing, shelter and transportation ^衣食住行
• Fine clothes make a man. ^人靠衣装

部分动词加前缀 un- 可以表示做相反的动作

* No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy.

No one could account for the fact that… ^{谁也弄不清楚…这样一个事实}

• No one knows… ^{没有人知道…}
• No one there was able to explain the mystery. ^{那里没有人能解释这个谜。}

account for ^{解释，说明：对某事物进行解释或说明。（解释必须是令人满意的）}

• How do you account for the company's alarmingly high staff turnover? ^{你怎么解释这家公司高得惊人的人员流动率？}
• How do you account for the fact that unemployment is still rising?^{你如何解释失业人数仍在增加这个现实？}
• The gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases.^{他们今天发现的那种基因解释不了所有的那些情况。}
• The bad weather in England accounts for Harrison’s decision to leave the country.
• How do you account for the battered car?

同位语从句^{(用一个句子做同位语解释前面的抽象名词)}

如果一句话中两个句子成分所指内容相同，则后者称为前者的同位语。若同位语以句子形式出现则称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词多为 fact, news,idea, thought, reply, answer, remark,plan, possibility, question 等连接词一般用 that (question 除外)。

• The fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. ^{that 后面的从句为 fact 的同位语从句，说明 fact 的具体内容。}
• The question whether Tom will arrive on time is still unknown.
• The child’s question why the sky is blue is hard to answer.
• I am worried about the fact that you are ill. ^{我非常担心你病了这件事。}
• The news that he died was a great shock to his mother.^{他的死讯对她母亲是一个很大的打击。}
• I didn’t know that you came back. ⇒ I had no idea that you came back. 

一个句子跟在一个名词后，可以是定语从句，也可以是同位语从句。两者的区别是同位语从句后的 that 是起解释说明的作用，而定语从句是起修饰作用；that 在从句中做主语或宾语成分，则是定语从句，that 在从句中不能做主语或宾语成分，则是同位语从句。主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句统称为名词性从句， 它们的结构非常类似。

• The reply that he gave me hurt my feelings. ^{定语从句（that 做 gave 的宾语）}
• The reply that he couldn’t help me hurt my feelings.  ^{同谓语从句(后面是完整的一句话，that不做成份)}

It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. ^形式主语

open up ^打开

• When he received the gifts, he opened them up at once.

sth. occurred to sb. ^{某人(突然)想起某事}

• It suddenly occurred to him to call the police.
• It suddenly occurred to him that he forgot to lock the door.
• As I was walking home, a brilliant idea suddenly occurred to me.^{当我走在回家的路上，突然间我想到了一个绝妙的主意。}

He was astonished at what he found. ^{what 引导名词性从句作介词 at 的宾语，what = the thing which/that…(介词后的宾语从句)}

sb. be astonished at sth. ^{某事使/让某人(大为)吃惊（程度较强）}

• Sam appears astonished at/by the news/sound.
• We were astonished at/by his courage. ^{我们对他的勇气感到惊讶。}
• We were astonished at/by the amazing view. ^{我们对这壮丽的景色大为惊叹。}

A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods.^{(美: woolen)}

a pile of ^{一堆…(量化词) = a stack of …}

• piles of snow ^{一堆堆的雪}
• a pile / stack of papers ^{一堆文件(纸)}
• a pile / stack of leaves ^一堆树叶
• a pile / stack of crap ^一堆粪便

on top of ^{在…之上（与顶端有接触面）= on …}

• The park lies on top of a coalfield. ^{这个公园位在一个煤田上。}

He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. ^{even adv. 甚至，即使；更加，愈加；其实，实际上}

was surprised at ^{对…感到惊讶：感到对某事或某人的行为、情况或事实感到惊讶或意外。}

• He was so surprised at discovering... ^{主动 (他惊讶地发现)}
• He was so surprised at being discovered... ^{被动(他惊讶于被发现了)}

doing / being done ^{动名词与进行时被动}

• I was puzzled at being invited to the stranger's wedding. ^{被动语态 be + done，但这里什么使用了being?其跟本原因是因为 at 是一个介词，后面要跟名词、动名词，所有的Be动词中只有being是动名词。}
• She was amused at talking with her new friend. ^{主动语态：介词 at 后同上，所以将talk变成了动名词talking.}
• He was delighted at being promoted to senior manager. ^被升职了
• The thief was shocked at being caught by the police. ^被抓

He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours.

have a trip = go on a trip ^去旅行

• How I am thirsty for a chance to have a trip!^{我多么渴望有一次旅行的机会啊！}
• My family will go on a trip to Beijing this summer.^{我们一家这个夏天将去北京旅行。}

be confined to ^{把…限制起来}

• Last weekend, Tom’s mother confined him to his room.
• He was confined/kept to/in prison.
• The bird was confined/kept to/in a cage.
• She was confined to bed / a wheelchair after the operation.

over ^{adv.越过；超过}

• It's over 80 degrees outside.^{外面超过80度。}
• He's over 50.^{他已年过半百。}
• His family have accumulated property worth well over $1 million. ^{他家已经积累了价值远远超过一百万美元的财产。}

The man was ordered to pay $3,500 for the cost of the trip.

pay…for… ^{为…付钱，为…付出代价}

• She paid $50 for that dress.
• He bought the car for $10,000.= He paid me $10,000 for the car.