Lesson 18 He often does this!他经常干这种事！have 过去完成时

After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. ^{过去完成+一般过去}

Pub = public house^{（酒吧，酒馆）的缩写}

• Let’s go to the pub for a drink. ^{我们去酒吧里喝一杯吧.}
• There's a bar next door to the station.

I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there!

"Did you have a good meal?" he asked ^{你吃得好吗(好不好吃)？}

"Yes, thank you," I answered, "but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag."

'I'm very sorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this!'

He ^{他(拟人) 男人; 雄性动物}

• Every dog has his day. ^{人人皆有出头日(人皆有得意时)}
• The Sun is at his highest point in the sky at noon. ^{正午时分，太阳正处于他天空中的最高点。}
• Death has his own schedule, and he arrives for everyone eventually. ^{死亡有他自己的日程，他最终会降临在每个人身上。}
• He is a pessimist and a defeatist. ^{他是悲观主义者，也是失败主义者。}

have 作为实义动词

have 完全做为动词时（实义动词时），还可以表示 eat，drink，enjoy，take 等意思^{(have dinner，have a cigarette，have coffee，have a holiday，have a good time，have a swim，have a rest)}，这时它是“行为类动词”可以用于包括进行时的各种时态。当 have 用于表示这些含义时，它必须与助动词 do 、 does 等连用以构成疑问句或否定句。

have 作为助动词

have or have got ^{只能表示“拥有 / 状态 / 义务”时 have got才可用，但不能表示“动作”。}

当 have 表示“拥有/状态”时，英式英语里可以用 have got 替换；但当 have 表示“做某事、经历、固定搭配或动作”时，绝对不能用 have got。

Beside VS. Besides

beside 表示位置^{（在……旁边）}，而 besides 表示“除此之外 / 另外”，强调补充或附加信息。