Lesson 4 An exciting trip激动人心的旅行现在完成时 同位语

I have justalreadyevernever received a letter from my brother, Tim. §  ^{have/has + just + done 进一步强调 just “刚刚”发生}

同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。 同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。

• This is John, one of my best friends. ^{这位是约翰，他是我最好的朋友之一。}
• Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. ^{我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。}

Found it folded in my saddle bag. Paper worn and the ink run black. Postmarked dated near a month ago from a town I used to know. And I start shaking as I read your name. Rosie, Lord it hit like rain. I broke that seal with a heavy hand. Didn't know if I could stand. Every word felt like a ghost from the girl I love the most. It was a letter from Rosie. Saying why'd you leave me this way? Said the nights got cold and lonely and the sky felt the same. She wrote I waited by that old porch light. Hoping you'd come back one day. Now I'm holding words from yesterday that came Too late to stay. She said the town still speaks my name, but not like it did before I left. Said my shadow never left those streets, even though I chose to leave. Your old coat still hangs by the door, boot marks faded on the floor. I kept your side of the bed untouched. Got that line hurt too much, ever since. Cut so deep, like promises I couldn't keep. It was a letter from Rosie. Saying I tried to understand, said she prayed I'd find my own way back. But life don't follow plans. She wrote if you ever read this note, just know I gave my heart. Now I'm holding what's left of us. Last one said don't come back for me. I'm already where you used to be. Church bells rang in the distance slow. And suddenly I knew I was too late to go. It was a letter from Rosie. From a world I can't return. Every word a quiet goodbye, every page a lesson learned. She waited long as she could wait, but time don't ever bend. Now I'm riding with her memory. Don't know how to end. Folded that letter, held it to my chest, like I could bring her back to rest. But the wind just took what I couldn't say, and carried her name away.

He has been there for six months. ^{months 注意读音}

has / have + been + in 地点 ^{（一直待在某地）}

• He has been in Beijing for one year.
• I have been in America for two years.
• I have arrived in Beijing (arrive at Beijing Capital International Airport). ^{（arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用）}

there 是一个副词，可以直接修饰动词，所以前面不能加介词。而 Beijing \ America 为名词，前面需要一个介词连接。

He is working for a big firm and he hasalreadyjustevernevervisited a great number of different places in Australia.

a number of ^{后面一定要加可数名词复数}

通常 number 前有great，large，good，small，certain 等形容词，数量大小也随之改变。

• A number of thin cracks appeared in the wall. ^{墙上出现了许多细裂缝。}
• A number of forged tickets are in circulation. ^{有一些假入场券在流通。}
• The essay contains a number of factual errors. ^{文章中有一些与事实不符的错误。}

修饰可数名词时，要使用复数形式，而当修饰不可数名词时，则直接使用不可数名词本身。

He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

spring ^{春天、喷泉、弹簧}

• Alice Spring ^{爱丽丝泉（澳大利亚）}
• Alice springs ^{艾丽斯斯普林斯}

From there, he will fly to Perth. ^{from A to B 从A点到B点}

fly to Perth = go to Perth by air

My brother has neveralreadyjustever been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

find 作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语^{（一般为形容词）}说明宾语的状况、性质等。

下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时

现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。

结构：have/has + done^{（v. 过去分词）}

用法：完成？ 现在的之前

做没做完并不重要，重要的是站在哪个角度去看。现在完成时是站在现在的这个角度往之前看。现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。

常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语

疑问句和否定句中

• I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning. ^{到今天上午为止，我已经种了十四丛玫瑰。}
• I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here. ^{我已经在这里住了好几年了，自从我住在这里以来，我交了很多新朋友。}

现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用，表示反复和习惯性动作。