Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐

It is called a clavichord. ^{一般现在时的被动}

be called ^{(被动) 称某人为…，什么被称为…}

• I've forgotten what the firm he works for is called.^{我已经忘记他所在公司的名称。}
• A third bird is called the ovenbird.^{第三种鸟叫灶巢鸟。}
• He is called a walking dictionary.
• Pandas are called living fossils

We have an old musical instrument which was made in Germany in 1681, called a clavichord. ^{合并成一句话（预习未来的高级写法）}

made in ^{由…（产地）生产}

• This watch is made in Switzerland. ^{这块手表是瑞士制造的。}

It has belonged to our family for a long time. ^{现在完成时}

belong to ^{v. 属于…(不用被动)}

• The car belongs to me.
• It’s my (personal/private) car.
• The car is mine.
• I’m in possession of the car.
• The car is in my possession.

belong 是一个表示状态的动词（Stative Verb），而不是行为动词，所以不能用于进行时，更不能用被动(考点：The phone is belonged to him.)，常用的时态是一般现在时与一般过去时。

Recently it was damaged by a visitor. ^{过去时被动}

be damaged ^{坏了 (强调动作)}

• My watch was damaged in an accident.

She tried to play jazz on it! ^过去时

play ^{v. 玩，演奏（乐器等）}

• Dallas will play Green Bay. ^{达拉斯队将迎战绿湾队。}
• She stared at the floor, idly playing with the strap of her handbag. ^{她盯着地板，随手摆弄着手提包的提带。}
• It's my favourite Shakespeare play. ^{这是我最喜欢的莎士比亚剧。}
• Hill tried to play the peacemaker. ^{希尔试图假扮成和事佬。}
• Investors are playing it cautious, and they're playing it smart. ^{投资者们在谨慎应对，同时他们也在巧妙应对。}

She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. ^过去被动

hit/press/touch the key(s) hard / gently/softly ^替换动词

• Don't hit the keys hard, or you may break the keyboard. ^{不要用力敲击按键，不然可能会弄坏键盘。}
• Please press the keys gently when typing. ^{打字时请轻柔地按压按键。}
• Just touch the keys softly and it will respond. ^{只需轻轻触碰按键，它就会有反应。}
• He struck the keys hard because he was angry. ^{他生气，用力敲击按键。}
• You should press the keys gently. ^{你应该轻柔地按压按键。}
• She touched the keys softly with her fingertips. ^{她用指尖轻轻触碰按键。}

My father was shocked.

Now we are not allowed to touch it. ^不被允许

be not allowed to ^不被允许

• You are not allowed to smoke here.^{你在这儿是不允许抽烟的。}

Musical Instruments Vocabulary

• accordion: The man was standing on the pavement, playing his accordion.
• acoustic guitar: Tom enjoys playing the acoustic guitar in his spare time.
• banjo: I would love to learn how to play the banjo.
• bugle: The musician put the bugle to his mouth and started to play.
• cello: The cello is the largest of all stringed instruments.
• clarinet: Anna plays the clarinet very well.
• drum kit: I could hear him playing on his drum kit from the other side of the building.
• electric bass: The sound of the electric bass was loud, deep, and clear.
• electric guitar: Fred plugged his electric guitar into the wall and got ready to start playing.
• electric keyboard: Mary stood at the electric keyboard, playing a tune.
• flute: The sound of Alice’s flute was delicate and sweet.
• French horn: She has been playing the French horn since she was a child.
• harp: The musician was sitting at her harp, playing a beautiful melody.
• melodion: Sid put the melodion on the table and started to play.
• piano: There was a man playing the piano in the corner of the bar.
• saxophone: Gary plays the saxophone in a popular jazz band.
• trombone: I listened to the musician playing his trombone.
• trumpet: We were woken by the sound of our neighbour practising his trumpet.
• tuba: The tuba is the largest of all brass instruments.
• violin: I put the violin to my chin and started to play.

“主动语态”与“被动语态”皆指动词的形式而言。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物；在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的，之所以在英语学习过程中很少有提及“主动语态”是因为除了“被动语态”剩下的都是主动语态。《新一》相关知识

被动语态由 be 的一种形式和过去分词构成。主动语态的时态用法规则也适用于被动语态。动词作及物动词用时才能构成被动语态。如果要说明是什么人或什么东西做了某事，则用“by + 行为主体”结构。“行为主体”也可以不表示出来。

被动语态结构：be ^{(动作的时间)} + done^{(表状态已完成)}

常与被动语态的 made 连用的介词

英语中通常用-’s 和of 结构来表示所有格。-’s 结构通常用在人名和表示人称的名词的末尾，而 of 结构则常与无生命的名词连用。

结构：名词 + of + 名词所有格^{(名词性的物主代词)}

• It is being repaired by a friend of my father's. ^{(最后的 friends 被省略了)}

区别-'s 按顺序翻译，of是倒序翻译，所以它们真实的区别为翻译时的词序，-’s 结构的所有格可用于of 结构之后，称为双重所有格，在名词前面，可以用 a，this，that，these，some， any，no 等，但不用 the。

• He is a friend of mine.  ^{含有“他是我的一个特殊的或惟一的朋友”之意。}
• He is no friend of mine. ^{含义是“我根本不认识他”或“他是我的敌人” 强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候, 选用双重属格结构}
• a friend of my father's / my father's friend(s) ^{只有一个朋友}
• a friend of my father's ^{很多朋友中的一个}
• It happened to a friend of mine. ^{我的很多朋友中的一个}