Lesson 21 Mad or not?是不是疯了？被动语态 情态动词

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Lesson 20 One man in a boat

Lesson 22 A glass envelope

4个相关单词

与课文关联的单词

mad ^*

/mæd/adj. 发疯

reason ^*

/ˈriːz(ə)n/n. 原因

sum ^*

/sʌm/n. 量

determined

/dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/adj. 坚定的，下决心的

课文理解钉子户更新于:2024-07-01 04:26:05

Mad or not ^(mad)?

One good turn deserves another.
While two detectives ... two others (detectives) opened the parcel. §
Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's (garden). §
from one garage to the other (garage). §

Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. ^{driving强调“正在进行时”，而 Aeroplanes drive me mad slowly. 则强调“过去、现在、将来会慢慢的”}

drive sb. mad ^{逼某人发疯(驱使某人...)}	drive a car ^{驱动一辆车(开车)}	drive away ^{驱使离开(赶走)}
You are driving me mad. The teacher is slowly driving me mad.	She never learned to drive. ^{她从未学过开车。} What make of car does he drive?^{他开的是什么品牌的车？}	Patrick's rudeness soon drove Monica away.^把sb.赶走 He will drive them away himself.^{他会单枪匹马撵走他们。}

I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.^{(能够被听到:情态动词的被动)}

night and day ^{日日夜夜，夜以继日 (注意连读)}

passing planes ^{经过的飞机}	sleeping baby ^{正在睡觉的小孩}	waiting area ^等候区
He forgot the man with passing time. ^{随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。}	I put the sleeping baby down gently.^{我把睡着的宝宝轻轻放下。}	On both sides of the waiting area were two counters.^{等待区的两边有两个柜台。}

The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.^{(not be used 未使用：then决定了不使用can)}

years ago = many years ago ^{多年前（前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年”）}

I have not seen him for weeks.^{我好几个星期没见到他了。}
Why didn't you do it months ago? ^{为什么你几个月前不做呢？}
She may have finished her homework hours or days ago. ^{她可能是几个小时前或几天前完成作业的}

some + 不可数名词/可数名词复数 ^一些…	some + 可数名词单数=复合词 ^某一…
for some reason ^{由于某些理由(不可数)} sometime^(有时) ≠ some time ^{(一段时间)} ≠ some times ^(好几次) Give me some glasses please, Jane.	I’ll tell you someday. = We’ll talk about it some other time. ^{我们改日再谈这件事。} someone like you. ^{像你一样的人} A nobody could become the somebody. ^{一个无名小卒也能成为大人物。}

Last year, however, it came into use. ^{(启用) 开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）}

however ^{然而（用于句首, 句中, 用逗号隔开）}

use ^{n. 使用}	use ^{vt. 使用}
When did the train come into use? The road came into use last month.	be used ^{被使用（被动）} The car has been used for six years.

* Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. ^{推测 + 过去的被动}

over a hundred… ^{(超过)一百多…}

must have been done ^{推测过去的被动（难点）}	must have been + doing ^{推测过去正在进行}
You must have been upset yesterday.^{你昨天一定很沮丧。} My cell phone must have been stolen. ^{我的手机一定是被偷了} His keys must have been lost.^{他的钥匙一定是丢了}	You must have been working the whole day yesterday. She must have been cooking while playing with her phone.

away from ^{从某地离开（away 离开某地）}	out of somewhere ^{从某地出来}
He walked slowly away from her.^{他慢慢地从她身旁走开。}	You should get out of school more often.^{你应该多多走出学校。}

I am one of the few people left. ^{我是少数留下来的人之一}

one of… 之一 ^{(表示特指的一群人/一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数)}

One of the girls standing over there is Tim’s sister.
You can take one of these bags.

left ^{被留下来的(leave 过去分词作定语放在被修饰词的后面)}	left ^{剩下的…东西}
I left a suitcase on the train to London the other day. I have a bag left. ^{我还有一个包(没拿走)。} I am left at home (by my mom).^{我被(妈妈)留在家里了。}	There is ten cents left in my pocket. Who are left (by the others) ^{其他人走了留下他们} There's none left. ^{一点都不剩了。}

Sometimes I think (that) this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.^{将来的被动}

knock down ^{撞倒、打折}	knock at ^敲门	knock out ^{击倒、打晕}
The market might abandon the stock, and knock down its price.^{商场可能会清理库存，降低价格。}	Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.	The three drinks knocked him out. ^{这3杯酒让他昏昏欲睡。}

I have been offered a large sum of money to go away^{现在完成被动}, but I am determined to ^{现在的被动} stay here. ^{sb. be offered sth.}

offer ^{v. 提供（相当于 given）}

双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能; 以 sb.做主语或以 sth.做主语

主动	被动
Give me that hammer please, Dan. ^{give sb. sth.}	He has been given the(that) book. ^{sb. be given sth.}
Give a book to me please. ^{give sth. to sb.}	The book has been given to me. ^{sth. be given to sb.}

英语中的主语是物，通常习惯性使用“被动”来表达，当人处于某种“身不由已”的状态时，也使用被动。但是汉语中：人、物在大多数时候都是用主动来表达，所以在翻译时即便英语是“被动”，我都也常常使用主动来翻译。

语法知识被动语态更新于:2024-01-09 04:11:26

结构：be + done

确定动作并找到合适的动词。	He is beaten every day. ^现在
选择动词的过去分词。	He was beaten yesterday. ^过去
选择be的时态^(重点)	He will be beaten tomorrow. ^将来
选择be的单数/复数词	He is being beaten now. ^正在进行
难点^{(当公式背下来)}	He has been beaten. ^现在完成
may 可能^(推测)	He may have been told the news. ^{他可能已经被告知这个消息了}
must 一定^(推测)	The shops must have been closed now. ^{商店现在一定已经关门了}
must 必须^(情态)	The letter must be sent immediately. ^{这信必须马上寄出。}
cannot 不能^(情态)	The weather cannot be controlled by people. ^{天气不能被人所控制。}

复习: 情态动词 + 动词原型 §

Planes are heard. ^{飞机被听见(被动语句)}
Planes can be heard. ^{飞机能够被听见(情态动词+被动语句)}
Planes may be heard. ^{飞机可能被听见(情态动词+被动语句)}
Planes must be heard. ^{飞机必须被听见(情态动词+被动语句)}

动词 + 宾语 + 不定式	动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
Mary was told to meet us. ^{有人叫玛丽来接我们。}	They told Mary (to) meet us. ^{他们叫玛丽来接我们。}
A gold watch was given to Sam.^{萨姆得到了一块金表}。	Sam was given a gold watch. ^{萨姆得到了一块金表。}

由于间接宾语通常是人，所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些。

扩展知识主动语态vs被动语态更新于:2024-01-09 04:14:41

主动语态^(Who)	被动语态^(What)	说明
He will repair your watch.	Your watch will be repaired (by him).	by him 用于强调“被谁”
They must test this new car.	This new car must be tested.	主动语态强调的是动作发出者(主语)，被动语态强调的是事情，所以常常忽略了主语。
I can' t find my bag. Someone has stolen it.	my bag has been stolen.	强调事是被谁做了。

注:英语中没有单独去解释“主动语态”，是因为除了“被动语态”其它的都是主动语态。

doing ^{修饰名词通过表示主动的（作定语、非谓语动词）}	done ^{修饰名词通常表示被动的（作定语）}
... passing planes can be heard night and day. ^{passing planes 经过的飞，规定planes是要求passing的。} a sleeping baby. ^在睡觉的 a developing county ^{发展中国家} a woman wearing a white coat ^{穿着白色外套的女人}	I am one of the few people left. ^{(leave→left)} the few people left. ^{被落下的人。left 理解为被落下的} used cars 被使用过的车^(二手车) a deserted car park 被废弃的停车场 a ploughed field 被犁过的田地^(耕地) a developed country 被发展过的国家^{(发达国家)} wasted time 被浪费的时间 a car called Blue Bird 被叫着蓝鸟的车

（英文中有一个“理让弱小”原因，短的在前，长的在后。一个doing的词放前面去修饰，一个长doing词组就要放到后面去修饰）

原型^(do)	过去式^(did)	过去分词^(done)
hear	heard	heard

Have a change of heart ^{改变主意；回心转意}

共有4题需要完成

练习题

It couldn't be used then. It wasn't to use it.^（单选）

A、able
B、allowed
C、impossible
D、possible
Over a hundred people must have been driven away. they were.^（单选）

A、I think
B、I'm sure
C、Certain
D、Of course must have been
I have been offered a large of money.^（单选）

A、amount
B、number
C、some
D、piece
I am determined to stay here. stay here.^（单选）

A、am will to
B、want to
C、may
D、am going to

Lesson 20 One man in a boat

Lesson 22 A glass envelope

Lesson 21 Mad or not?是不是疯了？被动语态 情态动词

与课文关联的单词

mad *

reason *

sum *

determined

Mad or not (mad)?

Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. driving强调“正在进行时”，而 Aeroplanes drive me mad slowly. 则强调“过去、现在、将来会慢慢的”

I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.(能够被听到:情态动词的被动)

night and day 日日夜夜，夜以继日 (注意连读)

The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.(not be used 未使用：then决定了不使用can)

years ago = many years ago 多年前（前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年”）

Last year, however, it came into use. (启用) 开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）

however 然而（用于句首, 句中, 用逗号隔开）

* Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. 推测 + 过去的被动

over a hundred… (超过)一百多…

I am one of the few people left. 我是少数留下来的人之一

one of… 之一 (表示特指的一群人/一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数)

Sometimes I think (that) this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.将来的被动

I have been offered a large sum of money to go away现在完成被动, but I am determined to 现在的被动 stay here. sb. be offered sth.

offer v. 提供（相当于 given）

结构：be + done

复习: 情态动词 + 动词原型 §

练习题

It couldn't be used then. It wasn't to use it.（单选）

Over a hundred people must have been driven away. they were.（单选）

I have been offered a large of money.（单选）

I am determined to stay here. stay here.（单选）

Lesson 21 Mad or not?

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Lesson 21 Mad or not?是不是疯了？被动语态情态动词