Lesson 27 The 'Vasa'“瓦萨’号

From the 17th-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea.

君主相关词汇 ^{Monarchy Terms}

• The empire of Sweden thrived in the 17th century. ^{17世纪的瑞典帝国蓬勃发展。}
• The emperor ruled vast territories. ^{皇帝统治着广阔的领土。}
• Italian city-states hired soldiers to princes. ^{意大利城邦为王子雇佣士兵。}

galleon ^{西班牙大帆船}

• The galleon sank in 1628. ^{这艘西班牙大帆船在1628年沉没。}
• Galleons were vital for Spanish trade. ^{大帆船对西班牙贸易至关重要。}
• The wrecked galleon was a treasure ship. ^{失事的大帆船是一艘宝藏船。}

maiden ^首次

• The ship sank on her maiden voyage. ^{这艘船在首次航行中沉没。}
• The Titanic sank on its first voyage. ^{泰坦尼克号在首次航行中沉没。}
• Her maiden work was a masterpiece. ^{她的处女作是一部杰作。}

tale ^传奇故事

• One of the strangest tales of the sea. ^{最离奇的海洋故事之一。}
• Old sailors shared thrilling tales. ^{老水手分享了激动人心的故事。}
• The tale of the lost ship captivated all. ^{失踪船只的传奇吸引了所有人。}

For nearly 3.5 centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956.

she 指代船舶 ^{Referring to Ships}

• She lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour. ^{她躺在斯德哥尔摩港的底部。}
• What’s wrong with my car? She won’t start. ^{我的车怎么了？她发动不了。}
• The Titanic carried 1,316 passengers when she sank. ^{泰坦尼克号沉没时载有1316名乘客。}

lie vs. lay ^词汇辨析

• The Vasa lay (lie, lay, lain) in the harbour for centuries. ^{瓦萨号在港口躺了几个世纪。}
• They laid (lay, laid, laid) the foundation yesterday. ^{他们昨天奠定了基础。}
• The wreck has lain undisturbed since 1628. ^{残骸自1628年以来未被打扰。}

名词化 ^{Nominalization}

• Until her discovery in 1956. ^{直到1956年被发现。}
• She lay in blood until her discovery at 8 a.m. ^{她躺在血泊中直到早上8点被发现。}
• The exploration of the wreck began soon after. ^{残骸的探索很快开始。}

This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.

定冠词与船名 ^{Article with Ship Names}

• The Vasa was the royal flagship. ^{瓦萨号是皇家旗舰。}
• The Titanic sank tragically. ^{泰坦尼克号悲惨地沉没。}
• The Cutty Sark is a museum ship. ^{卡蒂萨克号是一艘博物馆船。}

flagship ^旗舰

• The Vasa, royal flagship of the fleet. ^{瓦萨号，舰队的皇家旗舰。}
• The flagship led the naval parade. ^{旗舰引领了海军游行。}
• She was the pride of the flagship line. ^{她是旗舰系列的骄傲。}

fleet ^舰队

• The great imperial fleet was formidable. ^{伟大的帝国舰队令人畏惧。}
• The fleet sailed into battle. ^{舰队驶入战场。}
• A modern fleet includes submarines. ^{现代舰队包括潜艇。}

唯一性省略定冠词 ^{Omission of Article}

• Royal flagship of the fleet. ^{舰队的皇家旗舰。}
• George W. Bush, President of the United States. ^{乔治·W·布什，美国总统。}
• Who is captain of the team? ^{谁是团队的队长？}

King Gustavus Adolphus 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the 'Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament.

Gustavus Adolphus ^{古斯塔夫·阿道夫}

• Gustavus Adolphus, ‘The Northern Hurricane,’ led Sweden to power. ^{古斯塔夫·阿道夫，“北方飓风”，带领瑞典成为强国。}
• He intervened in the Thirty Years’ War in 1630. ^{他于1630年介入三十年战争。}
• Killed at the Battle of Lützen in 1632. ^{1632年在吕岑战役中阵亡。}

Thirty Years’ War ^{三十年战争}

• The Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) was a Protestant-Catholic conflict. ^{三十年战争（1618–1648）是新教与天主教的冲突。}
• It ended with the Peace of Westphalia. ^{以威斯特伐利亚和约结束。}
• Sweden emerged as a European power during the war. ^{瑞典在战争期间成为欧洲强国。}

be at the height of ^处于顶峰

• Adolphus was at the height of his military success. ^{阿道夫处于军事成功的顶峰。}
• The Beatles were at the height of their fame in the 1960s. ^{披头士在1960年代处于名声顶峰。}
• She was at the height of her career. ^{她处于事业的顶峰。}

dictate ^指定

• He dictated the Vasa’s measurements and armament. ^{他指定了瓦萨号的尺寸和武装。}
• The UN dictated troop withdrawal terms. ^{联合国指定了部队撤离条款。}
• The boss dictated the project’s scope. ^{老板指定了项目的范围。}

measurement ^尺寸

• The Vasa’s measurements were carefully planned. ^{瓦萨号的尺寸经过精心规划。}
• Take measurements before buying furniture. ^{买家具前要量尺寸。}
• Accurate measurements ensured a perfect fit. ^{精确的尺寸确保完美契合。}

armament ^武装

• The Vasa’s armament included 64 cannons. ^{瓦萨号的武装包括64门大炮。}
• The navy upgraded its armament. ^{海军升级了武装。}
• Heavy armament strengthened the fleet. ^{重型武装增强了舰队实力。}

Triple gun-decks mounted 64 bronze cannon.

mount ^固定

• Gun-decks mounted 64 bronze cannons. ^{炮甲板上安装了64门青铜大炮。}
• The diamond was mounted in gold. ^{钻石被镶嵌在黄金上。}
• A wall-mounted fan cooled the room. ^{壁挂式风扇为房间降温。}

bronze ^青铜

• 64 bronze cannons armed the Vasa. ^{64门青铜大炮武装了瓦萨号。}
• Brass fittings adorned the ship. ^{黄铜配件装饰了船只。}
• Copper pipes were used below deck. ^{甲板下使用了铜管。}

cannon ^大炮

• Triple decks mounted 64 cannons. ^{三层甲板安装了64门大炮。}
• Old cannons fired heavy metal balls. ^{旧式大炮发射重型金属球。}
• The fort’s cannons defended the harbor. ^{堡垒的大炮保卫了港口。}

She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.

intended ^计划的

• The Vasa was intended to lead Sweden’s might. ^{瓦萨号计划成为瑞典力量的领导者。}
• The book is intended for children. ^{这本书是为儿童设计的。}
• The Fields Medal is intended to encourage contributions. ^{菲尔兹奖旨在鼓励进一步贡献。}

As she was prepared for her maiden voyage on August 10th, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment.

ferment ^动荡不安

• Stockholm was in a ferment during the Vasa’s launch. ^{瓦萨号启航时，斯德哥尔摩一片动荡。}
• The country was in political ferment for months. ^{这个国家数月来处于政治动荡中。}
• Protests caused a ferment in the capital. ^{抗议活动在首都引发了动荡。}

From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind.

thing of beauty ^美丽之物

• The Vasa was a thing of beauty. ^{瓦萨号是一件美丽之物。}
• The painting was a beautiful thing. ^{这幅画是一件美丽的事物。}
• Her dress was a thing of beauty. ^{她的礼服美不胜收。}

spread sails ^扬帆

• The Vasa began to spread her sails. ^{瓦萨号开始扬帆。}
• A ship with sails spread is a gallant sight. ^{扬帆的船只是一道壮观的景象。}
• They spread sails at dawn. ^{他们在黎明时分扬帆。}

相关词组 ^{Sailing Terms}

• The ship set sail for New York. ^{这艘船启航前往纽约。}
• They hoisted the sails to catch the breeze. ^{他们升起帆以捕捉微风。}
• The crew lowered the sails during the storm. ^{船员在风暴中降下帆。}

catch the wind ^兜住风

• The Vasa’s sails caught the wind. ^{瓦萨号的帆兜住了风。}
• Torn sails won’t catch the wind. ^{破损的帆无法兜住风。}
• The kite caught the wind and soared. ^{风筝兜住风，翱翔天空。}

They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship.

labour ^辛勤工作

• They laboured for three years on the Vasa. ^{他们在瓦萨号上辛勤工作了三年。}
• Fishermen labored for generations. ^{渔民们世代辛勤劳作。}
• Rescue teams labored to free the trapped. ^{救援队努力解救被困人员。}

work of art ^艺术品

• The Vasa was a floating work of art. ^{瓦萨号是一件漂浮的艺术品。}
• The gallery lost priceless works of art. ^{画廊丢失了无价的艺术品。}
• The bride’s dress was a work of art. ^{新娘的礼服是一件艺术品。}

richly ^{富丽堂皇地}

• The Vasa was richly carved and ornamented. ^{瓦萨号雕刻和装饰得富丽堂皇。}
• A richly embroidered cloak was displayed. ^{一件金线刺绣的斗篷被展示。}
• The ceiling was richly carved with patterns. ^{天花板上雕刻着华丽的图案。}

The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with red and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.

be a riot of ^充满

• The stern was a riot of carved figures. ^{船尾充满了雕刻形象。}
• The garden was a riot of colour. ^{花园里色彩缤纷。}
• The market was a riot of sounds and smells. ^{市场上充满了陌生的声音和气味。}

ablaze ^{明艳/燃烧}

• Animal shapes ablaze with red and gold. ^{动物形状的雕刻闪耀着红金蓝的光彩。}
• The house was ablaze with flames. ^{房子熊熊燃烧。}
• Trees were ablaze with autumn colors. ^{树木闪耀着秋天的色彩。}

symbol of ^象征

• Symbols of courage, power, and cruelty. ^{勇气、力量和残酷的象征。}
• The dove is a symbol of peace. ^{鸽子是和平的象征。}
• The lion is a symbol of courage. ^{狮子是勇气的象征。}

portray ^描绘

• Shapes were portrayed to stir imaginations. ^{雕刻形象被描绘以激发想象力。}
• The painting portrays the duke’s wife. ^{这幅画描绘了公爵的第三任妻子。}
• His poetry portrays trench life vividly. ^{他的战争诗生动描绘了战壕生活。}

Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply.

anchor ^抛锚

• The anchored warships thundered a salute. ^{抛锚的战舰鸣响礼炮致敬。}
• We anchored our boat near the shore. ^{我们将船停泊在岸边。}
• Before anchoring, men boarded with goods. ^{抛锚前，人们带着货物登船。}

salute ^{礼炮/敬礼}

• Warships thundered a salute to the Vasa. ^{战舰为瓦萨号鸣响礼炮。}
• A 21-gun salute marked the ceremony. ^{21响礼炮标志着仪式开始。}
• The soldier gave a salute, and the officer returned it. ^{士兵敬礼，军官回礼。}

in reply to ^回应

• The Vasa fired in reply to the salute. ^{瓦萨号鸣炮回应致敬。}
• I’m writing in response to your letter. ^{我写信以回应你的来信。}
• Bruce stopped in reply to pleadings. ^{布鲁斯回应请求而停下。}

仿写 ^{Sentence Imitation}

• The sentry gave us a salute to which we waved in reply. ^{哨兵向我们敬礼，我们挥手回应。}
• The crowd cheered, to which she smiled in reply. ^{人群欢呼，她微笑回应。}

As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling in the breeze, and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with colour, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before.

drift ^漂流

• She emerged from a drifting cloud of smoke. ^{她从漂浮的烟雾中浮现。}
• The boat drifted down the river. ^{船顺河漂流而下。}
• Smoke drifted across the town. ^{浓烟飘过小镇。}

cloud ^烟云

• A cloud of gun smoke surrounded the Vasa. ^{炮烟云雾笼罩着瓦萨号。}
• Hens raised a cloud of dust. ^{母鸡扬起一阵尘土。}
• A cloud of gas leaked from the factory. ^{工厂泄漏出一团气体。}

churn ^翻腾

• Water churned to foam beneath her bow. ^{船首下的水翻腾成泡沫。}
• The sea was churned up by winds. ^{大海被强风搅得波涛汹涌。}
• The ship’s propellers churned the waves. ^{船的螺旋桨将海浪搅成泡沫。}

foam ^泡沫

• Water churned to foam under the Vasa. ^{瓦萨号下水面翻腾成泡沫。}
• Waves left the beach covered with foam. ^{海浪使海滩覆盖着泡沫。}
• Beer had a thick head of foam. ^{啤酒上有一层厚厚的泡沫。}

pennant ^三角旗

• Pennants waving adorned the Vasa. ^{飘扬的三角旗装饰着瓦萨号。}
• The ship flew a bright pennant. ^{船上挂着一面鲜艳的三角旗。}
• Pennants signaled the fleet’s identity. ^{三角旗标志着舰队的身份。}

fill ^充满

• Sails filling in the breeze powered the Vasa. ^{帆在微风中鼓满，驱动瓦萨号。}
• The hall filled with guests quickly. ^{大厅很快挤满了客人。}
• The sails filled with wind at dawn. ^{黎明时帆被风鼓满。}

superstructure ^上层结构

• Her superstructure was ablaze with color. ^{她的上层结构色彩鲜艳。}
• The ship’s superstructure housed officers. ^{船的上层结构为军官提供住所。}
• Damage to the superstructure was minimal. ^{上层结构的损坏很小。}

All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.

gun-port ^炮门

• All gun-ports were open on the Vasa. ^{瓦萨号的所有炮门都打开了。}
• Gun-ports lined the ship’s sides. ^{炮门排列在船的两侧。}
• Cannons fired through the gun-ports. ^{大炮通过炮门发射。}

muzzle ^炮口

• Muzzles peeped from the gun-ports. ^{炮口从炮门中探出。}
• The cannon’s muzzle was polished. ^{大炮的炮口被擦得锃亮。}
• Smoke poured from the muzzle. ^{炮口冒出浓烟。}

peep ^窥视

• Muzzles peeped wickedly from gun-ports. ^{炮口从炮门中狰狞地探出。}
• She peeped through the keyhole. ^{她从钥匙孔偷看。}
• Eyes peeped from behind the curtain. ^{眼睛从窗帘后偷偷窥视。}

As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. 

freshen ^{（指风）变得强而凉}

• The wind will freshen tonight. ^{今晚风会变大。}
• a freshening onshore breeze ^{一阵愈发强劲的陆上微风}
• The rain began to fall as the wind freshened. ^{随着风力增强，雨开始下了起来。}

非be动词的存在句型 ^{existential sentences with verbs other than ‘be’}

there 常与 be 动词之外的不及物动词 (come, go, arrive, follow, rise, exist, appear, remain, live, lie, stand, happen, occur 等等) 构成存在句， 以突出句末的主语。

• There came to his mind her beautiful face. ^{她美丽的脸庞映入了他的脑海。}
• There remains nothing more to be done. ^{没有什么可做的了。}
• There followed an uncomfortable silence. ^{接着是一阵令人不安的沉默。}
• There rose in his imagination visions of a world empire. ^{在他的想象中升起了世界帝国的幻象。}
• Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. ^{此后不久，公众品味突然发生了一场革命。}
• Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction. ^{幸运的是，正当我不知下一步该怎么做时，地平线上出现了一个骑马的人，正朝我的方向驶来。}

动词名词化 ^{nominalization of verbs}

list ^{（指船）倾侧}

• The ship lists to port. ^{船向左舷倾斜。}
• The damaged vessel was listing badly. ^{受损的船只严重倾斜。}
• After the collision, the boat began to list to one side. ^{碰撞后，船开始向一侧倾斜。}

The Ordnance officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list but the steepening angle of the decks increased. 

ordnance ^大炮

• The army ordered new ordnance for their defense. ^{军队订购了新的大炮用于防御。}
• The museum has a collection of historic ordnance. ^{博物馆收藏有历史悠久的大炮。}
• He is an Ordnance Officer, responsible for military supplies. ^{他是一名炮长，负责军事物资。}

heave ^{用力推、拖拽或提升重物}

• Alan heaved his suitcase onto his bed. ^{艾伦把手提箱用力提到了床上。}
• They had to heave the heavy box up the stairs. ^{他们不得不把那个沉重的箱子用力搬上楼。}
• With a great effort, she heaved the anchor. ^{她费了很大的力气才提起锚。}

counteract ^{对抗，抵消}

• These exercises aim to counteract the effects of stress and tension. ^{这些练习旨在抵消压力和紧张的影响。}
• The government introduced measures to counteract inflation. ^{政府采取措施来抑制通货膨胀。}
• Drinking a lot of water can help to counteract dehydration. ^{多喝水有助于对抗脱水。}

steepen ^使更陡峭

• After a couple of miles, the slope steepened considerably. ^{几英里后，坡度大大增加。}
• The path began to steepen as we approached the mountain. ^{当我们靠近山时，小路开始变得更陡峭。}
• The company needs to steepen its growth trajectory. ^{公司需要加快其增长轨迹。}

Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship.

rumble ^{发出持续的低沉的声音}

• The machine rumbled as it started up. ^{机器启动时发出隆隆声。}
• thunder rumbling in the distance ^{远处传来隆隆的雷声}
• I'm so hungry my stomach's rumbling. ^{我太饿了，肚子咕咕叫。}

改变语序 ^{altering word order}

cargo ^{（船或飞机上的）货物}

• The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion. ^{船长知道稍后还会进行另一次尝试，因为他试图寻找的沉船曾载有珍贵的金条。}
• The ship was loaded with a large cargo of grain. ^{船上装载了大量谷物。}
• Air cargo is often used for urgent deliveries. ^{空运货物通常用于紧急交货。}

ballast ^{（船中用以保持平稳的）压舱物}

• The ship took on extra ballast to improve its stability. ^{这艘船增加了额外的压舱物以提高其稳定性。}
• Without proper ballast, the hot air balloon would be unstable. ^{如果没有适当的压舱物，热气球就会不稳定。}
• The train carriages were weighted down with ballast. ^{火车车厢用压舱物加重了。}

ammunition ^弹药

• The soldiers ran out of ammunition during the battle. ^{士兵们在战斗中弹药耗尽了。}
• The factory produces various types of ammunition. ^{这家工厂生产各种类型的弹药。}
• They were well-supplied with weapons and ammunition. ^{他们有充足的武器和弹药。}

go doing ^{以某种方式移动}

• The plate went crashing to the floor. ^{盘子哗啦一声摔到地上。}
• The train went chugging up the hill. ^{火车突突地开上了山。}
• She went sobbing up the stairs. ^{她哭着跑上楼。}
• Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade. ^{椅子和桌子飞进了拱廊。}

The lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate. 

inrush ^{（水或空气的）涌入}

• an inrush of air / water ^{空气/水的涌入}
• The inrush of fresh air filled the room. ^{新鲜空气涌入房间。}
• The sudden inrush of water caused the basement to flood. ^{突然涌入的水导致地下室被淹。}

seal one's fate / seal the fate of sb. ^{注定了……的厄运，使……在劫难逃}

• The discovery of new evidence sealed his fate. ^{新证据的发现注定了他厄运。}
• The outbreak of war sealed the government's fate. ^{战争的爆发注定了政府的命运。}
• Further floods may have sealed the fate of the few remaining villages. ^{更多的洪水可能已经注定了剩下少数村庄的命运。}

In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying -- in the harbour of her birth.

birth ^{（新事物的）诞生}

• the birth of a nation ^{一个民族的诞生}
• The film gave birth to a TV show of the same name. ^{这部电影催生了同名的电视剧。}
• The invention of the internet marked the birth of a new era. ^{互联网的发明标志着一个新时代的诞生。}