Lesson 6 The sporting spirit体育的精神 宾语从句 并列句 虚拟语气

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

amaze sb. ^{使某人惊讶}

• When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
• Her imagination never ceases to amaze me. ^{她的想象力使我惊奇，并从来没有终止过。}
• I'm sure the boy's rich knowledge will amaze you. ^{我相信那个男孩渊博的知识会使你们吃惊。}

并列宾语从句

• Galileo’s observations show (that) Copernicus was right and that the earth moves around the sun, not the other way around. ^{伽利略的观察表明哥白尼是对的，地球绕着太阳转，而不是相反。}
• He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time and that it did stop, but only to take on mail. ^{他同意火车确实在那个时间进入车站并停下，但只是为了装邮件。}

If only ^{要是…就好了(表示虚拟语气)}

• If only I were as clever as you are! ^{要是我像你一样聪明就好了！}
• If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary. ^{要是他们现在在这儿，我们就能庆祝他们的结婚纪念日了。}

Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.

even if ^{即使（假设条件）}

• Even if you dislike ancient monuments, Warwick Castle is worth a visit. ^{即使你不喜欢古迹，沃里克城堡也值得一游。}
• The villagers said they would not accept the inn even if he gave it away.
• He began to complain about the weather, for even though it was summer, it rained continually. 

concrete / solid ^具体的

• solid / concrete examples / conditions
• We need concrete examples to understand this theory. ^{我们需要具体的例子来理解这个理论。}
• The plan lacks solid evidence to support it. ^{这个计划缺乏有力的证据来支持。}

orgies of ... / an orgy of ... ^{疯狂的…；过度的…}

• orgies of hatred ^{疯狂的仇恨}
• an orgy of killing ^{疯狂的杀戮(一性次的)}
• an orgy of spending before Christmas ^{圣诞节前的疯狂购物}

The 11th Olympic Games in Berlin, when Adolf Hitler was in authority. It was a historical mistake. The Nazi government saw the Olympics as a golden opportunity to promote their fascist ideology, that was to purify and strengthen the Germanic Aryan population. Hitler wanted to take advantage of this opportunity to advertise the blond hair, blue-eyed Aryan racial superiority. Ironically, American black athlete Jesse Owens was the star of the 1936 Olympic Games, who won 4 gold medals. This made Hitler disgraced and increased his hatred towards other nations.
^{第 11 届柏林奥运会，当时阿道夫·希特勒上台。这是一个历史错误。 纳粹政府将奥运会视为宣传其法西斯意识形态的黄金机会，即净化和加强日耳曼雅利安人种。希特勒想利用这个机会宣传金发蓝眼的雅利安人的种族优越性。具有讽刺意味的是，美国黑人运动员杰西欧文斯是 1936 年奥运会的明星，他获得了 4 枚金牌。这让希特勒蒙羞，并增加了他对其他国家的仇恨。}

Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.

practise^[英式] / practice ^{经常做，从事}

• On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat — the normally accepted practice in many northern countries. ^{习俗，惯例}

practice ^{习俗，惯例}

• Daily practice is essential for mastering any skill. ^{日常练习对于掌握任何技能都至关重要。}
• It's a common practice to greet customers politely. ^{礼貌地问候顾客是一种常见做法。}
• The new law bans the practice of child labor. ^{新法律禁止童工的做法。}

You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.

do / try one’s utmost to do ^{竭尽全力做某事}

• I will try my utmost not to make such a stupid mistake again. ^{我将竭尽全力避免类似这种愚蠢的错误再一次发生。}
• I will do my utmost to help you find accommodation. ^{我将尽我最大之力帮你找到住处。}
• Please do your utmost to hasten shipment. ^{请尽最大努力发货。}

do / try one's best to do ^{竭尽全力去做；尽力去做}

• Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow.
• I did my best in the event. ^{我在这个项目中尽了最大努力。}
• Most importantly, you did your best, right? ^{最重要的是，你尽力了，是吧？}

On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.

pick up sides ^{随意组成队伍比赛}

• We picked up sides and started a quick soccer match. ^{我们临时分组开始了一场足球赛。}

local patriotism ^地方主义

• Strong local patriotism can sometimes lead to rivalry between towns. ^{强烈的地方主义有时会导致城镇间的竞争。}

question of ^…的问题

• Let's look at the question of security. ^{咱们来看一下保安问题。}
• It all comes back to a question of money. ^{一切又回到钱的问题上来了。}
• "It's a question of money, folks," I said. ^{“这是钱的问题，各位。”我说道。}
• Could we get back to the question of funding? ^{我们回到资金问题上来好吗？}
• It's time we got on to the question of costs. ^{我们该讨论成本问题了。}
• The main sticking point was the question of taxes. ^{主要的症结是税收问题。}

arise ^{出现（问题、矛盾等）}

• The conflict arose from tensions between different ethnic groups. ^{冲突起源于不同族群间的紧张关系。}
• Questions arise over authorship and the determination of literary heirs. ^{关于作者身份和文学继承人的决定产生了疑问。}
• Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. ^{技术上的困难往往是由问题的主客观性质引起的。}

unit ^{n. group; organization 组织，单位}

• Each unit is responsible for its own data analysis. ^{每个小组负责自己的数据分析。}
• The basic unit of society is the family. ^{社会的基本单位是家庭。}
• In some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. ^{在一些社会中，核心家庭是一个经常一起吃饭的单位。}

arouse ^{激起，引起( interest / hostility / resentment)}

• The speech aroused great interest among the audience. ^{演讲激起了听众极大的兴趣。}
• We hope it can arouse students' awareness of water crisis. ^{我们希望这个活动能激起学生们对水资源的危机意识。}
• We must arouse them to fight with enemies. ^{我们必须唤起他们同敌人斗争。}

Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.

Those who ^{定语从句的先行词不能是人称代词，应该用指示代词}

• Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter.

At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare.

sport ^{体育运动（总称）}

• Sport brings people together across nations. ^{体育让不同国家的人们团结在一起。}
• He was totally uninterested in sport. ^{他对体育运动毫无兴趣。}
• His work suffered because of his total absorption in sport. ^{他痴迷于体育运动而影响了工作。}

frankly ^坦白地说

• Frankly, I don't think this plan will work. ^{坦白说，我认为这个计划行不通。}
• They frankly admitted their responsibility. ^{他们坦率地承认了责任。}
  
• Quite frankly , I'm not surprised you failed. ^{老实说，我对你的失败不感到意外。}

warfare ^{战争（种类）}

• The country prepared for nuclear warfare. ^{该国为核战争做准备。}
• I think Jones captured jungle warfare brilliantly. ^{我认为琼斯把握丛林战非常到位。}
• None of the people I met along the way wants to go back to warfare. ^{在我所会见的人中，没有一个人愿意重受战乱之苦。}

But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods — that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

not ... but ... ^{不是…而是…}

• Not that I love my teacher less, but that I love truth more.

spectator ^{n.[C] 观众（体育比赛）；（普通可数名词）（多指看体育比赛的）}

• Thousands of spectators watched the final game. ^{成千上万的观众观看了决赛。}
• A spectator reads the show's official program. ^{一名观众正在阅读犬展官方日程。}
• Any one in these vehicles is at once a spectator and a spectacle. ^{在这车队中的任何人，他既是观众又在演出。}

work sb. into ... ^{使某人进入某种情绪}

• He worked himself into a rage. ^{他让自己怒火中烧。}
• He worked his audience into enthusiasm.

at any rate ^{无论如何 / 至少（at least）}

• At any rate, we must finish the job today. ^{无论如何，我们今天必须完成这项工作。}
• She had, at any rate, provided a peaceful and loving home for Harriet. ^{她至少给哈丽雅特提供了一个宁静的、充满爱的家。}
• I may be away on business next week but at any rate I'll be back by Friday. ^{我下周可能要出差，但无论如何，我最晚星期五回来。}
• They felt, or at any rate / at least Dan felt, both relieved and frightened.

virtue ^{品德，优点}

• Honesty is a basic virtue in all cultures. ^{诚实是所有文化的基本美德。}
•  Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue