Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
fight sth. 和…作搏斗
- More units to fight forest fires are planned. 已经计划增派部队来扑灭森林大火。
- He broke his nose in the fight.他打架时打断了鼻梁。
| fight with 和…并肩作战；与…打斗 | We will fight with our teammates to win the game. 我们会和队友并肩作战赢得比赛。(a fight with sb. 和某人的打斗) |
|---|---|
| fight against 对抗，与…作斗争 | People fight against pollution every day. 人们每天都在和污染作斗争。(a fight against sth. 对抗… 的斗争) |
| fight for 为…而战斗/争取 | They fight for their freedom. 他们为自由而战。(a fight for sth. 为争取… 的斗争) |
| fight about / over 为…而争吵 | Don’t fight over such small things. 不要为这种小事争吵。(a fight over/about sth. 因某事的争吵) |
get sth. under control 表示“使...得到控制”，get 有“使…处于某种状态”的含义
- It took three weeks to bring the fire under control.花了 3周才控制住火势。
- Get the room in order. “get + 宾语 + 介词短语 ” 作宾补
- The Government can no longer keep prices under control. 政府已控制不住物价。
| get sth. in order 把某物整理妥当；使某事有条不紊 | Please get your papers in order before the meeting. 开会前请把你的文件整理妥当。 |
|---|
A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
a short time before 不久以前（从过去某一点时间算）
- We arrived at the party a short time before it started.(从晚会开始前算)不久我们就到了
| a short time ago 不久以前（从现在算) | He left the house a short time ago. (从现在算)他刚走不久 |
|---|
for miles around 方圆几英里（around 表示“在周围，向四周”）
- This is the only modern building for miles around.
- Mary is the most beautiful girl for miles around.
| great (程度)重要性、杰出性 | big (体积)尺寸、规模 |
|---|---|
| great man 伟人(强调重要性) | big man 大个子 (强调面积、体积、规模上的大) |
Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
rise up (from) 升上来
- Elevators don't just rise up. 电梯不只是上升。
- Seven massive columns rise up from a marble floor.七根巨大的圆柱从大理石地面拔地而起。
smoke rise up (烟、雾)弥漫
- We see smoke rise straight up in the air. 我们看到烟雾直升到空中。
- The smoke rise from his cigarette 烟从他的香烟中升起
* Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.
| Winter is coming 临冬(Winterfell 《权游》临冬城) | Winter was coming (on) 冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的通用表达式) |
| Spring is coming. 春天(即将)到来 | Spring was coming on (过去某个时刻) 春天(即将)到来 |
come on “到来，来临” 的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的
- Winter was coming on… = Winter would come on…
- Night is coming on.
- The rain came on towards midnight.
- When spring comes on, there will be flowers everywhere.
- I was still in the forest when night came on.
- Come on, we’re late. 快点!
- Come on, you can do it. 加油!
- Come on, you’re lying. 得了吧～
wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉
- A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.
- I can’t wash the spot away.
| threatened B with A A威胁到B(B被A威胁) | threatened ... with destruction 对...具有destruction的威胁(使用destruction威胁...) |
|---|---|
| The attacker threatened them with a gun. 袭击者用枪威胁他们。 | Then whole village is threatened with destruction. 整个村子面临着毁灭的威胁。 |
not only ... but ... as well 不但... 而且 not only (实义前、情系后)
- I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well
- It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.
- Shakespeare was not only a writer, but also an actor.
- He is not only happy, but also excited.
- People came here not only by car, but also by train.
- Not only the teacher but also the students were invited. 注意谓语的就近原则
- Not only the students but also the teacher was invited.
| Winter was coming on | and | the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction | , for | heavy rain would not only wash away the soil | but would cause serious floods as well. |
| 并列句A | 并列 | 原因状语主句 | 因为 | 并列 I | 并列 II |
| 原因状语从句 | |||||
| 并列句B | |||||
When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.
put out 扑灭
- The boys felt tired, so they put out the fire and crept into their tent.
- At last, firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.
| put out / extinguish the fire 灭火 | Firefighters tried to put out / extinguish the fire. 消防员努力扑灭大火。 |
|---|---|
| light sth. 点燃某物 | He lit the candle to light the room. 他点燃蜡烛照亮房间。 |
| set fire to sth. 放火烧某物 | The man tried to set fire to the old house. 这名男子试图放火烧那栋老房子。 |
| catch fire 着火（表动作，无被动） | Dry wood may catch fire easily. 干木头很容易着火。 |
| be burning 正在燃烧（强调动作持续） | The building is burning fiercely. 大楼正在猛烈燃烧。 |
| be on fire 着火（强调状态） | The kitchen was on fire when we arrived. 我们赶到时厨房已经着火了。 |
The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.
quantity 复数时 表示“大量”
- He bought books in (large) quantities.
| quantity 单数时 表示“数量”，多或少由前面的修饰词决定 | They drank a large / great / small quantity of beer last night. |
|---|
By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.
take root 表示“生根”，这个短语也可以表示某处思想/想法等“扎根”
- This type of grass takes root easily.
- The idea has taken root in his mind. 抽象“萌芽”
In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
In place of the great trees which had grown there for centuries, …
in place of 替代，取代 (只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)
- In place of a cup , I put a vase there. 以前放的是茶杯，现在放的是花瓶。
- Jane answered the phone in place of Mary. ...替玛丽接电话
- The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.
- Will you go in my place? 你愿意替我去吗？
- I will go in place of Tom. 我将代替汤姆前去。
- I chose tea instead of coffee. 我选了茶而不是咖啡。
| instead of 替代 + 没做的事 | Instead of staying home, I went to school. （此句就不能用“in place of”，而指地点空间时，既可以用“in place of”也可以用“instead of”。） |
|---|---|
| in sb.’s/sth.’s place 代替… | She attended the meeting in his place. 她代替他出席了会议。 |
soil 泥土(能让植物生长的)，土，土地，土壤
- We have the most fertile soil in the Midwest. 我们在中西部有最肥沃的土壤。
| dirt n.尘土 | I started to scrub off the dirt. 我开始擦除灰尘。 |
|---|---|
| ground 地表，地面(与土壤无关)，场地，土地 | The ground was soft and spongy.土地松软，像海绵似的。 |