什么是被动语态
被动语态是一种句子结构，用来强调动作的接受者或受事者，而不是动作的执行者。在被动语态中，动作的接受者成为句子的主语，而动作的执行者通常以介词 "by" 引出或省略不提。
| 主动语态(除了被动全是主动) | 被动语态 |
|---|---|
| She washes the car.（她洗车。） | The car is washed by her.（车被她洗了。） |
被动语态常用于
| 强调 | 未知 | 隐藏 | 客观 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 当重要性在于动作的承受者而不是执行者时 | 当执行者未知或不重要时 | 当想避免指责或隐藏具体执行者时 | 当描述普遍规律或客观事实时 |
| The cake was eaten by her. | The house was built. | The job was done. | Gravity was discovered by Newton. 万有引力被牛顿发现了。 |
被动语态的构成: be + done
被动语态与时态关系非常紧密，be 代表了时态，会随着时间变化而变化 ，done 表示被动的。
| 原型 | 现在时(三单) | 过去时 | 现在分词 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| be | am/is/are | was/were | being | been |
| do | does | did | doing | done |
| become | becomes | became | becoming | become |
| seem | seems | seemed | seeming | seemed |
| appear | appears | appeared | appearing | appeared |
| feel | feels | felt | feeling | felt |
| look | looks | looked | looking | looked |
| sound | sounds | sounded | sounding | sounded |
| taste | tastes | tasted | tasting | tasted |
| smell | smells | smelled | smelling | smelled |
| remain | remains | remained | remaining | remained |
| stay | stays | stayed | staying | stayed |
| turn | turns | turned | turning | turned |
| get | gets | got/gotten | getting | gotten |
被动语态的时态 §
| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | is/am/are + done | He is killed. 他被杀了。 |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | He was killed last night. 他昨晚被杀。 |
| 过去进行时 | was/were + being + done | He was being killed last night.他昨晚正在被杀。 |
| 现在完成时 | has/have + been + done | He has been killed.他已经被杀了。 |
| 过去完成时 | had + been + done | He had been killed before.他曾经被杀过。 |
| 将来时 | will + be + done | He will be killed.他将会被杀。 |
| 过去将来时 | would + be + done | He would be killed.他曾经会被杀。 |
| 现在进行时 | is/am/are + being + done | He is being killed.他正在被杀。 |
| 过去完成进行时 | had + been + being + done | He had been being killed.他过去一直被杀。 |
一般现在 V.S. 一般过去
| 时态 | 例句 |
|---|---|
|
一般现在时 |
The watch is broken. 手表坏了(主系表) |
| It is visited by hundreds of people every day here. 这里每天迎接成百上千的游客。 | |
| No man is born wise or learned. 没有人是生而知 | |
|
一般过去时 |
Her wallet was lost yesterday. 她的钱包昨天丢了。 |
| The cars were repaired last week.这几辆车是上周修好的。 | |
| Her son was taken to school. 她儿子被送到学校 | |
| I was invited to his birthday party yesterday. 我昨天被邀请去参加了他的生日聚会。 |
何使用被动语态
- 不知道动作的发出者 It is broken.
- 强调动作的发出者He breaks it.&It is broken by him.
- 没必要提出动作的发出者 A new building was built.
- 惯用的被动语态 He was born in 1984.
| be born ... (出生：bear-bore-born) | He was born in 1984. |
|---|---|
| be hurt ...(受伤：hurt-hurt-hurt) | I am hurt. |
| be dressed in...(打扮：dress-dressed-dressed) | The lady is dressed in a large funny hat. |