One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness.

produce ^{v.to cause a particular result or effect 引起，产生，导致}

• a rise in sea-level produced by climatic change
• As a policy, it did not produce the desired effect.
• This medicine may produce side effects in rare cases.

One allegation often made is that GM foods produce potential risks. ^{常见的一种指责是，转基因食品能引起潜在的风险。}

A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'.

head ^{v.if a page is headed with a particular name, title, image etc, it has it on the top 加标题}

• The page was headed 'Expenses'.
• The information sheet was headed Medical Insurance.
• The document was headed 'Confidential'.

striking ^{adj.unusual or interesting enough to be easily noticed 醒目的， 引人注意的}

• She bears a striking resemblance to her sister.
• His eyes were a striking shade of green.
• The ad featured a striking red banner.

illustration ^{n.a picture in a book, article etc, especially one that helps you to understand it （书或文章中的）插图}

• This children's book has beautiful illustrations.
• The illustration shows a section through a leaf. ^{图中所示为叶的剖面。}
• We experimented with type, with illustration and with photos. ^{我们尝试了字体、插图和照片。}

in a state of ^{处于...状态}

• He was in a state of panic after the accident / permanent depression.
• Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos.
• The economy is in a state of  transition.
• The classroom was in a state of chaos.

caption ^{n.words printed above or below a picture in a book or newspaper or on a television screen to explain what the picture is showing 插图的文字说明}

• The cartoon has a humorous caption below it.
• Each image is accompanied by a brief caption. ^图注
• Read the caption ^说明文字 to understand the picture better.

As vividly depicted in the cartoon, two single-legged men, with their leg stumps bound together and arms tightly holding each other’s shoulders, stride ahead briskly like normal people!
Their four crutches are left behind, each of them supported by the other three into the shape of a pyramid, symbolizing their owners’ cooperation.
The caption below says ‘You have one leg left and so do I; support each other and we stride!’ ^{你一条腿，我一条腿；你我一起，走南闯北~}

yet / still  (another / one more…) ^{又一个、再一个}

• This is yet another  problem to consider.
• She asked still another question.
• He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.
• This led to yet another angry argument.
• To such motives, yet another must be added.
• They made yet another attempt to negotiate.
• The teacher gave still another example to explain the rule. ^{老师又举了一个例子来解释这条规则。}

reduce sb. to sth. ^{to force sb./sth. into a particular state or condition, usually a worse one 使…陷入（更糟的状态）}

• A beautiful building was reduced to rubble.
• They were reduced to begging in the streets.
• The war reduced the city to ruins. 
• As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.
• He was reduced to tears by the sad story.
• The illness reduced her to a shadow of her former self.

wreck ^{n.a vehicle or ship that has been destroyed or badly damaged严重损毁的交通工具，残骸}

• The collision reduced the car to a useless wreck.
• The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck.
• The crash left the car a complete wreck.

On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital.

on / upon ^{(fml.)as soon as sb. has done sth. or as soon as sth. has happened 当…时，一…就…}

• All patients are examined on admission to the hospital.
• Couples are presented with a bottle of wine upon their arrival at the hotel. 
• What was your reaction on seeing him?
• On entering the room, he saw her crying. ^{一进入到房间}
• Upon arrival, they were welcomed warmly. ^{一到达就...}
• He changed his mind on hearing the news. ^{一听到...就...}

worry sb. ^{使某人担忧(使役动词)}

• I didn't tell Mum and Dad ― I didn't want to make them worried. ^不地道  ⇒ I didn't tell Mum and Dad ― I didn't want to worry them. 
• Peter made me deeply disappointed. ^{语法正确的烂句子} ⇒ Peter deeply disappointed me.
• The noise worried the children. ^使...担心
• I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. ^{不使我担忧}
• The delay worried her parents a lot.
• Financial troubles worried him deeply.

mental hospital ^精神病院

• He was treated in a mental hospital for several months.
• She worked as a nurse at a mental hospital.
• The mental hospital is located on the outskirts of town.

Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one cannot distinguish cause and effect.

snag ^{n.a problem or difficulty, esp. one that is small, hidden or unexpected 小的问题、困难或障碍}

• There is just one small snag: where is the money coming from?
• Let me know if you run into any snags.
• There's a snag in the plan we didn't foresee.
• They ran into a snag ^困难 during construction.
• The deal hit a snag ^障碍 at the last minute.

anecdote ^{n.short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event 轶事, 逸闻}

• amusing anecdotes about his brief career as an actor
• He told an amusing anecdote ^趣事 about his trip.
• The book is full of interesting anecdotes. ^轶事
• The speaker began with a short anecdote ^小故事 to engage the audience.

distinguish / differentiate / discriminate ^v.分辨

• It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between fact and fiction. ^{有时很难分辨事实与虚构。}
• He could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality. ^{他再也分不清幻想与现实之间的区别了。}
• They can distinguish a happy tune from a sad one. ^{他们能分辨出曲调是快乐还是悲伤的。}

cause and effect ^{因果(固定搭配)}

• In mental illness, there is a complex relationship between cause and effect.
• However, those correlations don't prove cause and effect. ^{然而，这些相关性并不能证明因果关系。}
• Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? ^{这项研究是否意味着猫很快就能掌握因果关系的详情？}

Was the noise a cause of the illness, or were the complaints about noise merely a symptom?

cause of … ^…的原因

• But I was extremely pleased with myself I had traced the cause of the trouble.
•  

merely a … = a mere … ^仅仅

• … were the complaints about noise merely a symptom? = … were the complaints about noise a mere symptom?
• Glancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away.
• But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will.

Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.

may / might / could + well …  ^{used to say that sth. is likely to happen or is likely to be true （某事）可能（发生或是真的）}

• What you say may well be true.
• You could try the drugstore, but it might well be closed by now.

combine ^{v. to act together 合作，共同作用}

• Let the tea set and tea combine perfectly. ^{让茶具与茶完美结合。}
• They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. ^{它们与来自彗星的尘埃颗粒结合在一起，形成了巨大的云团。}
• The cable car and toboggan nicely combine natural beauty and man-made scenery. ^{缆车和雪橇将自然美景和人工景色完美地结合起来。}

yet ^{conj. /adv.}

• Kelly was a convicted criminal, yet^(conj.) many people admired him. It is strange, and yet it is true.
• The essay is good, yet^(conj.) it could be improved. 
• It is strange, and yet ^(adv.) it is true.
• Though he is poor, yet ^(adv.) he is satisfied with his situation.
• I agree with you, but yet ^(adv.) I cannot consent.

cautious ^{adj.谨慎的}

• She has grounds for cautious optimism. ^{她有理由可以持谨慎的乐观态度。}
• Cautious optimism in the fight against malaria. ^{持谨慎乐观的态度抗击疟疾。}
• The overall mood is one of cautious optimism. ^{从总体上看，可以持谨慎乐观的态度。}