承上启下_夸克英语笔记

精讲课笔记随视频锁定

承上启下

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.

progressive a^{dj.进步的、先进的}

The progressive political party campaigned for more environmental protections. ^{该进步政党致力于争取更多的环境保护措施。}
Her progressive ideas about education reform were well-received by the board. ^{她关于教育改革的进步思想受到了委员会的好评。}

aggressive ^{好斗的；进取的；有侵略性的}	The company took an aggressive approach to capturing the new market. ^{该公司采取了积极进取的方式来占领新市场。}
regressive ^{退步的；退化的；（税收）倒退的}	Critics argue that the new tax is regressive and hurts the poor. ^{批评者认为新税收制度是倒退的，会伤害穷人。}

regain ^{v.recover / restore 重新获得，恢复；重回，回到（某处）}

It took him several months to fully regain / recover / restore his health after the surgery. ^{手术后他花了几个月时间才完全恢复健康。}
The patient was overjoyed to regain / recover / restore her sight after the successful operation. ^{手术成功后，病人因恢复视力而欣喜若狂。}
The doctors worked quickly to regain / recover / restore his consciousness after he fainted. ^{他晕倒后，医生们迅速采取行动使他恢复了知觉。}
She tripped on the rug but managed to regain / recover / restore her balance before falling. ^{她在地毯上绊了一一下，但在摔倒前稳住了平衡。}
He took a deep breath to regain / recover / restore his composure before starting the speech. ^{在开始演讲前，他深吸了一口气以恢复镇静。}
American business will regain / recover / restore its shine.^{美国商业将重获光彩。}

In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all.

obligation to do sth. ^{做某事的义务/责任}

Employees have an obligation to follow the company's code of conduct.^{员工有义务遵守公司的行为准则。}
We have a moral obligation to protect the environment. ^{我们有道义责任保护环境。}
She did not feel under any obligation to tell him the truth. ^{她觉得没有义务告诉他实情。}
We do not have any legal or moral obligation to any physician. ^{我们对任何医生都没有任何法律或道义上的义务。}
The firm has no obligation / is under no obligation / isn’t under any obligation to offer you a job.

have an obligation to do sth. ^{有义务做某事}	Parents have an obligation to ensure their children receive an education. ^{父母有义务确保孩子接受教育。}
be under an obligation to do sth. ^{承担做某事的义务}	The company is under an obligation to provide a safe working environment. ^{公司有义务提供安全的工作环境。}
have no obligation to do sth. ^{没有义务做某事}	You have no obligation to answer any personal questions during the interview. ^{在面试中，你没有义务回答任何私人问题。}
be under no obligation to do sth. ^{不承担做某事的义务}	The shop is under no obligation to offer a refund without a receipt. ^{如果没有收据，商店没有义务提供退款。}
be not under any obligation to do sth. ^{（强调）不承担任何做某事的义务}	We are not under any obligation to accept the first offer we receive. ^{我们没有任何义务必须接受我们收到的第一份报价。}

binding ^{adj.(协议，承诺）有约束力的，必须遵守的}

a legally binding document
...proposals for a legally binding commitment on nations to stabilize emissions of carbon dioxide. ^{…关于就稳定二氧化碳排放各国做出有法律约束力的承诺的建议。}
Once both parties sign the document, it becomes a legally binding agreement. ^{一旦双方签署文件，它就成了具有法律约束力的协议。}

bind ^{v.约束(bound )捆绑；约束；使团结}	The thief is bound to a tree. Common interests bind the different members of the community together. ^{共同的利益将社区的不同成员团结在一起。}
bind sb. to do sth. ^{约束某人做某事}	The terms of the contract bind him to complete the work by June. ^{合同条款约束他必须在六月前完成工作。} The Kyoto Protocol binds each country to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
be binding to all ^{对所有人都有约束力}	The contract terms are binding to all parties involved.^{合同条款对所有相关方都具有约束力。} The law is binding to all citizens.^{法律对所有公民都有约束力。}

There are no 'illiterates' -- if the term can be applied to peoples without a script -- while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations.

script ^{n.文字；脚本；剧本}

The ancient script was finally deciphered by a team of archaeologists. ^{这套古文字最终被一支考古队破译了。}
Many different languages in history have been written using Arab script. ^{历史上许多不同的语言都曾使用阿拉伯文字书写。}

compulsory school attendance / education / schooling ^义务教育

The state enforces compulsory school attendance for all children under sixteen. ^{州政府对所有 16 岁以下的儿童强制执行就学规定。}
Free compulsory education is a fundamental right in many countries. ^{在许多国家，免费义务教育是一项基本权利。}
The age for compulsory schooling varies depending on local laws. ^{义务教育的年龄因当地法律而异。}

This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries.

before ^{conj. （先）…才…;就...；然后...;宁愿..也不...}

It will be a long time before we meet again. ^{时间比预期的长，翻译为“才...”}
Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. ^才...
I hadn’t waited long before he came. ^{比预期的时间短，翻译为“就...”}
I shaved before I went to the party. ^{当成副词，翻译为“然后...”}
Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. ^然后...
I’ll die before I give in. ^{宁愿也不...“宁死不屈”}
…, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows. ^直到...

when^{conj. （比预期长）才...}	The plane had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. ^{比预期长，翻译为“才...”} He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea. ^{比预期短，翻译为“就...”} Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands. ^然后... Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. ^尽管... Why do you walk when you have a car? ^{既然(引导让步)}

the few ^{（有权有势的）少数人}

A government should serve the many, not the few.
Decisions are often made by the few who control the resources. ^{决定往往是由掌控资源的少数人做出的。}

the minority ^{少数(民族)人}	Such persons are certainly in the minority. ^{这种人当然占少数。}
the happy few ^{少数幸运儿；少数享有特权的人}	Only the happy few were invited to the private gallery opening. ^{只有少数幸运儿被邀请参加私人画廊的开幕式。}
the privileged few ^{少数特权阶层}	Quality healthcare should not be reserved only for the privileged few. ^{优质的医疗保健不应仅供少数特权阶层享有。}
the many ^{大众；多数人}	Laws should be designed to benefit the many, not just the powerful. ^{法律的设计应当造福大众，而不仅仅是权势者。}
the majority ^大多数	The majority of the time, I brown-bagged my lunch. ^{大多数时间，我都是自带午餐。}

The 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the US shows how long it was before the Americans deemed it necessary to make sure that women could share in the right to vote taken by the privileged few during the past few centuries. ^阅读资料

承上启下

It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.

progressive adj.进步的、先进的

regain v.recover / restore 重新获得，恢复；重回，回到（某处）

In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all.

obligation to do sth. 做某事的义务/责任

binding adj.(协议，承诺）有约束力的，必须遵守的

There are no 'illiterates' -- if the term can be applied to peoples without a script -- while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations.

script n.文字；脚本；剧本

compulsory school attendance / education / schooling 义务教育

This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries.

before conj. （先）…才…;就...；然后...;宁愿..也不...

the few （有权有势的）少数人

progressive a^{dj.进步的、先进的}

regain ^{v.recover / restore 重新获得，恢复；重回，回到（某处）}

obligation to do sth. ^{做某事的义务/责任}

binding ^{adj.(协议，承诺）有约束力的，必须遵守的}

script ^{n.文字；脚本；剧本}

compulsory school attendance / education / schooling ^义务教育

before ^{conj. （先）…才…;就...；然后...;宁愿..也不...}

the few ^{（有权有势的）少数人}