It is called a clavichord. 一般现在时的被动
be called (被动) 称某人为…，什么被称为…
- I've forgotten what the firm he works for is called.我已经忘记他所在公司的名称。
- A third bird is called the ovenbird.第三种鸟叫灶巢鸟。
- He is called a walking dictionary.
- Pandas are called living fossils
| call sb. sth./sb. 主动 |
|
|---|
We have an old musical instrument which was made in Germany in 1681, called a clavichord. 合并成一句话（预习未来的高级写法）
made in 由…（产地）生产
- This watch is made in Switzerland. 这块手表是瑞士制造的。
| be made of 由…制造（看得出原材料） | The teapot is made of silver. 这个茶壶是银制的。 |
|---|---|
| be made from 由…制造（看不出原材料，发生化学变化） | The wine is made from grapes. 这款酒是由葡萄酿造的。 |
| be made into 被制成…（原材料→成品） | The cloth was made into a dress. 这块布料被做成了一条连衣裙。 |
| be made for 为…而制作 | The coffee was made for you. 这杯咖啡是为你准备的。 |
It has belonged to our family for a long time. 现在完成时
belong to v. 属于…(不用被动)
- The car belongs to me.
- It’s my (personal/private) car.
- The car is mine.
- I’m in possession of the car.
- The car is in my possession.
| belongs to 一般现在时三单 | have belonged to 过去到现在都属于 |
|---|---|
| This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me. | I should have belonged to my family life.我该拥有属于我的家庭生活了。 |
belong 是一个表示状态的动词（Stative Verb），而不是行为动词，所以不能用于进行时，更不能用被动(考点：The phone is belonged to him.)，常用的时态是一般现在时与一般过去时。
Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 过去时被动
be damaged 坏了 (强调动作)
- My watch was damaged in an accident.
| be out of order 坏了 (强调状态) | My watch is out of order. |
|---|---|
| destroy vt. 彻底摧毁（无法复原） | The bridge was destroyed during the war. 这座桥在战争中被彻底摧毁。 |
| ruin / spoil vt. 毁掉（常为比喻义） | Don’t ruin/spoil one’s appetite. 别破坏某人的胃口。 The rainy days ruined/spoiled my vacation. 阴雨天气毁掉了我的假期。 |
| injure vt. 使人身体受伤（意外事故） | He was injured in the accident. 他在这次事故中受了伤。 |
| wound vt. 使人受刀枪等战场上的伤 | The soldier was wounded in the battle. 这名士兵在战斗中负伤。 |
She tried to play jazz on it! 过去时
play v. 玩，演奏（乐器等）
- Dallas will play Green Bay. 达拉斯队将迎战绿湾队。
- She stared at the floor, idly playing with the strap of her handbag. 她盯着地板，随手摆弄着手提包的提带。
- It's my favourite Shakespeare play. 这是我最喜欢的莎士比亚剧。
- Hill tried to play the peacemaker. 希尔试图假扮成和事佬。
- Investors are playing it cautious, and they're playing it smart. 投资者们在谨慎应对，同时他们也在巧妙应对。
| play + 球类(跟球类连用无the) | play + the + 乐器 (演奏乐器而非音乐) | play music on + 乐器 (一定要用 “on”) |
|---|---|---|
| Mike, don't play football in the street next time. 迈克，下次不要在街上踢足球。 |
He is learning to play the piano. 他正在学弹钢琴。 |
Please play music on the phonograph. 请用留声机放音乐听。 |
She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. 过去被动
hit/press/touch the key(s) hard / gently/softly 替换动词
- Don't hit the keys hard, or you may break the keyboard. 不要用力敲击按键，不然可能会弄坏键盘。
- Please press the keys gently when typing. 打字时请轻柔地按压按键。
- Just touch the keys softly and it will respond. 只需轻轻触碰按键，它就会有反应。
- He struck the keys hard because he was angry. 他生气，用力敲击按键。
- You should press the keys gently. 你应该轻柔地按压按键。
- She touched the keys softly with her fingertips. 她用指尖轻轻触碰按键。
| strike | struck | struck |
| break | broke | broken |
My father was shocked.
| My father | was | shocked |
| 主语 | 系动词 | 表语 |
Now we are not allowed to touch it. 不被允许
be not allowed to 不被允许
- You are not allowed to smoke here.你在这儿是不允许抽烟的。
| be allowed to 被允许 | The children are allowed to watch TV after school.孩子们被允许在放学后看电视。 |
|---|
Musical Instruments Vocabulary
- accordion: The man was standing on the pavement, playing his accordion.
- acoustic guitar: Tom enjoys playing the acoustic guitar in his spare time.
- banjo: I would love to learn how to play the banjo.
- bugle: The musician put the bugle to his mouth and started to play.
- cello: The cello is the largest of all stringed instruments.
- clarinet: Anna plays the clarinet very well.
- drum kit: I could hear him playing on his drum kit from the other side of the building.
- electric bass: The sound of the electric bass was loud, deep, and clear.
- electric guitar: Fred plugged his electric guitar into the wall and got ready to start playing.
- electric keyboard: Mary stood at the electric keyboard, playing a tune.
- flute: The sound of Alice’s flute was delicate and sweet.
- French horn: She has been playing the French horn since she was a child.
- harp: The musician was sitting at her harp, playing a beautiful melody.
- melodion: Sid put the melodion on the table and started to play.
- piano: There was a man playing the piano in the corner of the bar.
- saxophone: Gary plays the saxophone in a popular jazz band.
- trombone: I listened to the musician playing his trombone.
- trumpet: We were woken by the sound of our neighbour practising his trumpet.
- tuba: The tuba is the largest of all brass instruments.
- violin: I put the violin to my chin and started to play.