Lesson 135&136 The latest report最新消息情态动词引语 时态 过去将来时

直接引语（Direct speech）	间接引语（Indirect speech / Reported speech）
直接引语是将别人的原话或陈述以原封不动的方式引述出来，并使用引号将其括起来。直接引语通常用于在口头与文本中直接引用别人的精确措辞。	间接引语是通过对别人的原言进行转述或概括，而不是逐字逐句地引述。在间接引语中，通常使用动词如 "say"、"tell"、"ask" 等来引导引述，同时也不使用引号，所有的间接引语都是宾语从句。
He said, "I am happy to see you." 他说道：“我很高兴见到你。” "I won!" she shouted loudly. 她大声喊道：“我赢了！”	He said that he was happy to see me. 他说他很高兴见到我。 She exclaimed that she had won. 她喊道她赢了。

引用的方式取决于具体的情境和文体。间接引语更为常见于书面英语中(报道)，而直接引语常用于口语和直接引述他人的原话。

情态动词的变化

从句原情态动词^{(直接引语)}	从句变后情态动词^{(间接引语)}
can	could
will	would
be going to	would
may	might

和时态变化的原理一样，情态动词“直接引语”变为“间接引语”时，时态需要向“前”（前面的、过去的）推一步。理解直接引语变间接引语后可以加深时态变化就是动词的变化。更深入的了解情态动词时态变化的型式。

课文情态动词间接引语的时态

采访内容	报道内容
Are you really going to retire, Miss Marsh? I may.	Miss Marsh told reporters she might retire. ^{转述的原话:I might retire.主语:told 引起的过去式}
I can't make up my mind.	She said she couldn't make up her mind. ^{said引用情态动词的变化，主语由my变为了her}
I will have to ask my future husband.	She said she would have to ask her future husband. ^{由一般将来时的will变成了would}
He won't let me make another film.	She said her future husband would not let her make another film. ^{由will not 变为了 would not}
Your future husband, Miss Marsh? Yes. Let me introduce him to you. His name is Carlos.	Then she introduced us to Carlos! ^{这里没有情态动词，所以是实义动词的改变。}
We're going to get married next week.	and told us they would get married next week. ^{was/were going to 太长了，所以使用would替代}

直接引语	间接引语
Miss... told reporters, "I may retire".	Miss... told reporters she might retire.
She said, "I can't make up my mind"	She said she couldn't make up her mind
She said, "I will have to ask my future husband".	She said she would have to ask her future husband.
立足现在说未来：一般将来时 will have to ... will + v.原型立足过去说准备干嘛：过去将来时 would have to ... would + v.原型
She said, "He won't let me make another ..."	She said her future husband wouldn't let...

let sb. do : 让…做
Let us go.
Let me see.

He'll be her sixth husband. 他将会是她的第六任丈夫。

语法知识时态总复习更新于:2023-12-15 12:10:46

一般现在时态^{（动词三单）}

何时用	结构	示例^(Examples)
描述经常的状态	主语 + is \ am \ are + 非动词	They are very bad.
描述习惯的动作	主语 + do^(v.原型)	They often cheat in the exams.
描述真理	主语 + is \am\ are + 非动词主语 + do^(v.原型)	The earth is round. The sun rises in the east.

何时用

结构

示例^(Examples)

描述经常的状态

主语 + is \ am \ are + 非动词

They are very bad.

描述习惯的动作

主语 + do^(v.原型)

They often cheat in the exams.

描述真理

主语 + is \am\ are + 非动词

主语 + do^(v.原型)

The earth is round.

The sun rises in the east.

主语 + v. ^{(先看词性，再看人称。)}	陈述句	否定句	疑问句
主语^(非三单) + do	Jim and Lily walk to school every day. They drink beer every night.	Jim and Lily don't walk to school every day. They don't drink beer every night.	Are you a teacher? Do they drink beer every night?
主语^(三单) + does	He loves his girlfriend very much. My dog watches TV at night.	He doesn't love his girlfriend very much. My dog doesn't watche TV at night.	Is he an IT worker? Does he love his girlfriend very much?

现在进行时态 ^{（现在分词）}

何时用	结构	示例^(Examples)
此时此刻正在	主语 + is \am\ are + doing ^{be是帮助doing的助动词，非系动词}	I am working.

陈述句	否定句^{(is/am/are + not)}	疑问句^{(is/am/are提前)}
They are running.	They are not running.	Are they running? No, they are not.

现在完成时态 ^{（过去分词）}

何时用	结构	示例 ^(Examples)
全部/部分完成	主语 + has\have + done	I have aired the room.^(全部) He has watched the movie.^(全部) They have lived in Beijing for ten years.^(部分)
表示持续	主语 + has\have + been + 非动词	She has been studying all day.

过去分词有很多不规则动词，而且非常的常用，需要单独记忆，这也是为什么现在完成时是所有时态中最难的原因之一。过去式与过去分词的区别只有【不规则动词】，其它是一样的。

陈述句	否定句^{(have/has + not)}	一般疑问句^{(have/has 提前)}
She has been studying all day.	She has not been studying all day.	Has she been studying all day?
You have aired the room.	You have not aired the room.	Have you aired the room?
He has watched the movie.	He has not watched the movie.	Has he watched the movie?
They have lived in Beijing for ten years.	They have not lived in Beijing for ten years.	Have they lived in Beijing for ten years?

“现在完成时”与“过去完成时”极容易混淆，请注意其区别，have + done，had + done.

一般过去时态 ^{(动词过去式)}

何时用	结构	示例^(Examples)
过去经常的状态	主语 + was\were	I/He was^{(I、三单时)} happy yesterday. You/They were^{(复数:your、They等)} happy yesterday.
过去习惯的动作	主语 + did ^{(v. 过去式)}	I/she/he/they/you cooked dinner last night.

何时用

结构

示例^(Examples)

过去经常的状态

主语 + was\were

I/He was^{(I、三单时)} happy yesterday.

You/They were^{(复数:your、They等)} happy yesterday.

过去习惯的动作

主语 + did ^{(v. 过去式)}

I/she/he/they/you cooked dinner last night.

有约200多个常用的不规则动词需要单独去记忆。过去式与过去分词的区别只有不规则动词，其它是一样的。

陈述句	否定句^{(didn't + v.)}	一般疑问句^{(助动词did)}
I studied in the US in 2010.	I didn't study in the US in 2010.	Did I study in the US in 2010?
The bus stopped just now.	The bus didn't stop just now.	Did the bus stop just now?
I/He was happy yesterday.	I/He wasn't happy yesterday.	Was I/He happy yesterday?

过去进行时态^{(现在分词)}

何时用	结构	示例 ^(Examples)
过去某一时刻、时段正发生的动作	主语 + was\were + doing	I was working at 10:00 last night.

陈述句	否定句^{(was/were + not)}	一般疑问句^{(was/were 提前)}
She was doing her homework at 10:00 last night.	She was not doing her homework at 10:00 last night.	Was she doing her homework at 10:00 last night?
They were having a date from 7:00-9:06 yesterday.	They were not having a date from 7:00-9:06 yesterday.	Were they having a date from 7:00-9:06 yesterday?

过去完成时态^{（过去分词）}

何时用	结构	示例^(Examples)
过去某一时刻之前发生的动作、状态	主语 + had + done	She had done her homework before 10:00 last night.
表示过去持续	主语 + had + been + 非动词	He had been studying for hours.

对比现在完成时可以发现只是将has/have 变成了had而以。这是因为这是我们立足点不同，立足到现在，就是现在完成时，立足去过去，就是过去完成时。

现在完成时	过去完成时^{(通常搭配一般过去时使用)}
She has done her homework. 她已完成作业	She had done her homework when her mother came home.

陈述句	一般疑问句^{(had 提前)}	否定句^{(had + not)}
She had been studying all day.	Had she been studying all day?	She had not been studying all day.
You had aired the room.	Had you aired the room?	You had not aired the room.
He had watched the movie.	Had he watched the movie?	He had not watched the movie.
They had lived in Beijing for ten years.	Had they lived in Beijing for ten years?	They had not lived in Beijing for ten years.

一般将来时态^{（动词原型）}

何时用	结构	示例^(Examples)
表示计划、打算或即将要发生的事	主语 + is/am/are + going to	It's going to be fine tomorrow.
表示计划、打算或即将要发生的事	主语 + will\shall + v.	You will be late. I shall be late.

原句	一般疑问句^{(will、be提前)}	否定句^{(will、be + not)}
He will come on time.	Will he come on time?	He will not come on time.
The woman is going to talk to you.	Is the woman going to talk to you?	The woman is not going to talk to you.
He will show his true colors someday.	Will he show his true colors someday?	He will not show his true colors someday.
You will be late.	Will you be late?	You will not be late.
The woman is going to talk to you.	Is the woman going to talk to you?	The woman is not going to talk to you.

过去将来时态

何时用	结构	示例 ^(Examples)
表示过去的计划、打算或即将发生的	主语 + was/were + going to	It was going to be fine tomorrow.
主语 + would + v.	You would be late. I would be late.

何时用

结构

示例 ^(Examples)

表示过去的计划、打算或即将发生的

主语 + was/were + going to

It was going to be fine tomorrow.

主语 + would + v.

You would be late.

I would be late.

把上面的“一般将来时”向前推一个时态，变成了“过去将来时”。

句子	一般将来时	过去将来时
肯定句	I will go to the beach tomorrow.	He said he would come to the party.
一般疑问句	Will you come with us?	Would you like some tea?
否定句	He will not attend the meeting.	She should not have gone there.

He was 20 years old at that time.In three years, he would be 23 years old.^{那年他 20 岁了，三年后他是 23 岁。}

站在了“那年”这个时间点向前推“三年”，现在可能是24岁? 60年？80岁？一切以“那年”为基准。He told me he would come to Beijing.

单词句型情态动词转述练习更新于:2023-12-15 11:07:33

原句^(第一者)	没听清^(第二者)	转述^(第三者)
I will leave the day after tomorrow.	What did he say?	He said he would leave the day after tomorrow.
Sam will open the window.	What did she say?	She said Sam would open the window.
We will change some money.	What did they say?	They said they would change some money.
It will snow tomorrow.	What did she say?	She said it would snow tomorrow.
They can afford it.	What did they tell you?	They told me they could afford it.
I can understand French.	What did he tell you?	He told me he could understand French.
I can finish it.	What did he tell you?	He told me he could finish it.
I may retire.	What did she tell you?	She told me she might retire.
We may arrive tomorrow.	What did they say?	They said they might arrive tomorrow.

为了加深情态动词的转述练习，在转述翻译里加上“当时/曾经”。She told me she might retire. 她当时/曾经告诉我她要退休。

原句^(第一者)	没听清^(第二者)	转述^(第三者)
Penny will open the window.	What did he say?	He said Penny would open the window. 他^(当时)说佩妮会打开窗户。
I can understand English.	What did he tell you?	He told me he could understand English. 他^(曾经)告诉我他能听懂英语。
They may arrive tomorrow.	What did they say?	They said they might arrive tomorrow. 他们^(当时)说他们可能明天到。

扩展知识入住酒店更新于:2023-12-15 11:05:33

酒店	five-star hotel,five stars hotel ^{五星级酒店}
酒店	resort ^度假村
预订酒店	Book a hotel
预订酒店	Make a hotel reservation
办理入住手续	Check in at the hotel
	Register at the hotel
	Do I need to pay a deposit？^{我需要付押金吗？}
	Do you offer pick-up service? ^{请问有接车服务吗？}
酒店房型	Single room ^单人间
	Double room ^双人间
	Twin room ^双床间
	Suite ^套房
办理入住手续时需要提供的信息	Full name ^全名
	Passport/ID card number ^{护照/身份证号码}
	Contact information ^联系方式
	Credit card information ^{信用卡信息}
付款方式	Pay by cash ^现金支付
	Pay by credit card ^{信用卡支付}
	Pay in advance ^预付款
酒店设施和服务	Reception desk ^前台
	Room service ^客房服务
	Restaurant ^餐厅
	Fitness center/gym ^{健身中心/健身房}
	Swimming pool ^游泳池
	Wi-Fi ^无线网络
房间号码	Room number ^房间号码
房间号码	Floor ^楼层
办理退房手续	Check out of the hotel
办理退房手续	Settle the bill/check-out process

Add insult to injury ^{雪上加霜，伤口撒盐}

Lesson 133&134 Sensational news!

Lesson 137&138 A pleasant dream

Lesson 135&136 The latest report最新消息情态动词引语 时态 过去将来时

与课文关联的单词

future *

feature *

hotel *

introduce *

marry *

情态动词的变化

课文情态动词间接引语的时态

He'll be her sixth husband. 他将会是她的第六任丈夫。

过去进行时态(现在分词)

过去完成时态（过去分词）

一般将来时态（动词原型）

过去将来时态

He was 20 years old at that time.In three years, he would be 23 years old.那年他 20 岁了，三年后他是 23 岁。

Lesson 135&136 The latest report

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Lesson 135&136 The latest report最新消息情态动词引语时态过去将来时

future ^*

feature ^*

hotel ^*

introduce ^*

marry ^*

过去进行时态^{(现在分词)}

过去完成时态^{（过去分词）}

一般将来时态^{（动词原型）}

He was 20 years old at that time.In three years, he would be 23 years old.^{那年他 20 岁了，三年后他是 23 岁。}