一般现在时态（动词三单）
| 何时用 | 结构 | 示例 (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
| 描述经常的状态 | 主语 + is \ am \ are + 非动词 | They are very bad. |
| 描述习惯的动作 | 主语 + do (v.原型) | They often cheat in the exams. |
| 描述真理 |
主语 + is \am\ are + 非动词 主语 + do (v.原型) |
The earth is round. The sun rises in the east. |
| 主语 + v. (先看词性，再看人称。) |
陈述句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主语(非三单) + do |
|
|
Are you a teacher? Do they drink beer every night? |
| 主语(三单) + does |
|
|
Is he an IT worker? Does he love his girlfriend very much? |
现在进行时态（现在分词）
| 何时用 | 结构 | 示例 (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
| 此时此刻正在 | 主语 + is \am\ are + doing be是帮助doing的助动词，非系动词 |
I am working. |
| 陈述句 | 否定句(is/am/are + not) | 疑问句(is/am/are提前) |
|---|---|---|
| They are running. | They are not running. |
|
现在完成时态（过去分词）
| 何时用 | 结构 | 示例 (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
| 全部/部分完成 | 主语 + has\have + done |
|
| 表示持续 | 主语 + has\have + been + 非动词 | She has been studying all day. |
过去分词有很多不规则动词，而且非常的常用，需要单独记忆，这也是为什么现在完成时是所有时态中最难的原因之一。过去式与过去分词的区别只有【不规则动词】，其它是一样的。
| 陈述句 | 否定句(have/has + not) | 一般疑问句(have/has 提前) |
|---|---|---|
| She has been studying all day. | She has not been studying all day. | Has she been studying all day? |
| You have aired the room. | You have not aired the room. | Have you aired the room? |
| He has watched the movie. | He has not watched the movie. | Has he watched the movie? |
| They have lived in Beijing for ten years. | They have not lived in Beijing for ten years. | Have they lived in Beijing for ten years? |
一般过去时态(动词过去式)
| 何时用 | 结构 | 示例 (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
| 过去经常的状态 | 主语 + was\were |
I/He was(I、三单时) happy yesterday. You/They were(复数:your、They等) happy yesterday. |
| 过去习惯的动作 | 主语 + did (v. 过去式) | I/she/he/they/you cooked dinner last night. |
有约200多个常用的不规则动词需要单独去记忆。过去式与过去分词的区别只有不规则动词，其它是一样的。
| 陈述句 | 否定句(didn't + v.) | 一般疑问句(助动词did) |
|---|---|---|
| I studied in the US in 2010. | I didn't study in the US in 2010. | Did I study in the US in 2010? |
| The bus stopped just now. | The bus didn't stop just now. | Did the bus stop just now? |
| I/He was happy yesterday. | I/He wasn't happy yesterday. | Was I/He happy yesterday? |
过去进行时态(现在分词)
| 何时用 | 结构 | 示例 (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
|
过去某一时刻、时段正发生的动作 |
主语 + was\were + doing | I was working at 10:00 last night. |
| 陈述句 | 否定句(was/were + not) | 一般疑问句(was/were 提前) |
|---|---|---|
| She was doing her homework at 10:00 last night. | She was not doing her homework at 10:00 last night. | Was she doing her homework at 10:00 last night? |
| They were having a date from 7:00-9:06 yesterday. | They were not having a date from 7:00-9:06 yesterday. | Were they having a date from 7:00-9:06 yesterday? |
过去完成时态（过去分词）
| 何时用 | 结构 | 示例 (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
|
过去某一时刻之前发生的动作、状态 |
主语 + had + done | She had done her homework before 10:00 last night. |
| 表示过去持续 | 主语 + had + been + 非动词 | He had been studying for hours. |
对比现在完成时可以发现只是将has/have 变成了had而以。这是因为这是我们立足点不同，立足到现在，就是现在完成时，立足去过去，就是过去完成时。
| 现在完成时 | 过去完成时(通常搭配一般过去时使用) |
|---|---|
| She has done her homework. 她已完成作业 | She had done her homework when her mother came home. |
| 陈述句 | 一般疑问句(had 提前) | 否定句(had + not) |
|---|---|---|
| She had been studying all day. | Had she been studying all day? | She had not been studying all day. |
| You had aired the room. | Had you aired the room? | You had not aired the room. |
| He had watched the movie. | Had he watched the movie? | He had not watched the movie. |
| They had lived in Beijing for ten years. | Had they lived in Beijing for ten years? | They had not lived in Beijing for ten years. |
一般将来时态（动词原型）
| 何时用 | 结构 | 示例 (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
|
表示计划、打算或即将要发生的事 |
主语 + is/am/are + going to | It's going to be fine tomorrow. |
| 主语 + will\shall + v. |
|
| 原句 | 一般疑问句(will、be提前) | 否定句(will、be + not) |
|---|---|---|
| He will come on time. | Will he come on time? | He will not come on time. |
| The woman is going to talk to you. | Is the woman going to talk to you? | The woman is not going to talk to you. |
| He will show his true colors someday. | Will he show his true colors someday? | He will not show his true colors someday. |
| You will be late. | Will you be late? | You will not be late. |
| The woman is going to talk to you. | Is the woman going to talk to you? | The woman is not going to talk to you. |
过去将来时态
| 何时用 | 结构 | 示例 (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
|
表示过去的计划、打算或即将发生的 |
主语 + was/were + going to | It was going to be fine tomorrow. |
| 主语 + would + v. |
You would be late. I would be late. |
把上面的“一般将来时”向前推一个时态，变成了“过去将来时”。
| 句子 | 一般将来时 | 过去将来时 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | I will go to the beach tomorrow. | He said he would come to the party. |
| 一般疑问句 | Will you come with us? | Would you like some tea? |
| 否定句 | He will not attend the meeting. | She should not have gone there. |
He was 20 years old at that time.In three years, he would be 23 years old.那年他 20 岁了，三年后他是 23 岁。
站在了“那年”这个时间点向前推“三年”，现在可能是24岁? 60年？80岁？一切以“那年”为基准。He told me he would come to Beijing.